Classes: 9 , 10 , 11
Presentation for the lesson
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- To form students' understanding of HIV and AIDS;
- To acquaint students with basic information about the disease;
- To provide students with an understanding of HIV transmission;
- To acquaint with the prevention of HIV and AIDS;
- Develop behavioral motivations to maintain your health.
Equipment: computer, multimedia projector.
Preparation of the event: prepare a presentation on a given topic in advance, distribute topics and material for preparing messages to students.
Event progress
Teacher (Annex 1, presentation) : In 1988, the WHO (World Health Organization) decided that World AIDS Day would be celebrated annually on December 1 (showing the 2nd slide of the presentation). On this day, it is necessary to bring to public attention the main idea that the cheapest and most effective measure to combat this disease is health education and public awareness (showing the 3rd slide of the presentation).
B - virus (microorganism);
I - immunodeficiency;
H - a person;
C - syndrome (disease picture);
P - acquired (obtained during infection);
I - immuno (immunity);
D - deficiency (deficiency).
HIV is a virus that is transmitted from person to person in certain ways and causes dysfunction or destruction of the human immune system.
AIDS is the last (terminal) stage of HIV infection.
Teacher: HIV infection and AIDS is a completely new and unusual disease for people. Scientists and doctors believe that HIV appeared on Earth no more than 50 years ago. However, in that short time, AIDS has already claimed over 22 million lives. Until now, it has not been possible to find drugs that completely cure AIDS, and methods of protective vaccination (vaccination) against HIV. Even in the question of when and how the human immunodeficiency virus appeared, everything is not completely clear yet. There are several hypotheses, but none of them has been proven (showing the 4th slide of the presentation):
Hypothesis 1 - most researchers tend to think that the disease originated in Africa, and then spread to other territories (USA and European countries). According to the African hypothesis, closely related primate viruses could have been the precursor of HIV. In Africa, foci were identified where a virus similar to the human immunodeficiency virus spread quite widely in monkeys. (showing the 5th slide of the presentation).
2nd hypothesis - the virus could adapt to life in the human body due to the widespread use of such scientific achievements of the 20th century as blood transfusions, organ transplants and other discoveries in medicine, which could contribute to the formation of both weaker and more dangerous forms of the virus (showing the 6th slide of the presentation).
3rd hypothesis - the artificial emergence of the virus in the late 70s on the basis of bacteriological weapons (showing the 7th slide of the presentation).
4th hypothesis - the virus could have existed since ancient times, changing the modification.
Teacher: Currently, an epidemic of infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to develop throughout the world. Infection with this virus causes a disease known as AIDS after a few years. AIDS in HIV-infected people does not develop immediately, but 7-10 years after infection.
Who are the viruses?
Teacher. Man, like all living beings, is made up of cells. Each cell has its own managing center"- nucleus. All work, vital activity (work) of the cell is controlled by the nucleus. It is in this main part of the cells, the defenders of the body, that a dangerous virus (HIV) is introduced after it has been able to penetrate the human body, HIV is, as it were, “conserved” in the cells of the immune system, which are designed to defend the body from the introduction of any aliens - pathogens. For a long time (several years), the defenses of infected people are still able to withstand the onslaught of pathogens. But a person will never be able to get rid of the dangerous “newcomers of HIV”, which remain in the nucleus of the affected cell throughout his life. Over time, the activity of “strangers” increases and in a weakened body, various diseases easily arise that lead to the death of an infected person.
Student message. AIDS was first discovered and registered in 1981 in the United States. When group diseases of men aged 25–45 years of homosexual orientation were detected. Then they began to identify representatives of other segments of the population (drug addicts, prostitutes). As it turned out, these patients had a sharply weakened immunity (protective properties) of the body. A wide variety of microbes began to kill people, under normal conditions causing only a slight malaise. The disease was called AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). As soon as the clinical picture of the new disease was described in the medical literature, reports of patients in other countries began to arrive. As early as 1983, the virus now known as the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV was isolated. The honor of discovery belongs to Luc Montagnier (France) and Robert Gallo (USA). Blood test methods for detecting HIV (by the presence of antibodies to it) were developed in 1985. Gradually, the epidemic of the new disease spread throughout the world. The causative agents of the disease - viruses - were simultaneously discovered by biologists Montagnier in France and Gallo in the USA in 1983. Later, human AIDS viruses and similar ones were found in four species of monkeys. The viruses of chimpanzee (AIDS-1) and smoky mangabey (AIDS-2) are dangerous for humans. In Russia, the first case of infection was officially announced in 1987 (a young resident of St. Petersburg).
Teacher. The development of the epidemic process in HIV infection has its own patterns that can be traced in various countries of the world, and it can be divided into three main phases (showing the 9th slide of the presentation):
The initial phase - the spread of HIV occurs mainly among people of homosexual orientation.
The second phase - the virus enters the environment of people who use drugs intravenously and spreads parenterally (by blood).
The third phase is when the entire population is involved in the process and the spread of HIV is carried out mainly through sexual contact.
Question to the students: What do you think is the dominant phase now?
An exercise
Objective: To enable students to reflect on the risk of HIV infection.
I offer you a situation for the whole group, I will ask everyone to stand up. You have been invited to a party out of town. You have given your consent. And spend time in the country interesting company. From a casual conversation, you will find out that among these people there is an HIV-infected person, who exactly you do not know. The evening is in full swing, you communicate a lot. Your task, moving around this room, is to enter into relationships with the people around you, stretching out your hands for contact. If you feel the movement of a finger on your palm, you are dealing with an HIV-infected person. I will ask the one who plays this role not to give himself away and also communicate like everyone else.
- Which of you turned out to be HIV-infected?
- What feelings did you experience?
Teacher: It is important that everyone understands that in the age of AIDS, any sexual contact with anyone should be considered as sexual contact with all those people with whom your partner has had intercourse in the last 10 years. Why is that? (showing the 10th - 13th slide of the presentation)
Teacher. When are we at risk of contracting HIV? From an epidemiological point of view, HIV infection is an infectious disease that is transmitted exclusively from person to person. The source of infection is an infected person at any stage of the disease, that is, regardless of the presence or absence of clinical signs of the disease. So far, it has been proven that HIV can be transmitted from an infected person in only three ways. (showing the 14th - 16th slide of the presentation):
1. Through sexual intercourse (heterosexual; homosexual)
2. Parenteral (blood contact):
- injecting drugs with infected syringes;
- transfusion of unexamined blood;
- medical procedures.
3. Vertical (from mother to child) - 15% - 30%:
- in utero;
- during childbirth;
- when breastfeeding.
Exercise: "What is the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS?"
Purpose: to consolidate knowledge of specific situations that are dangerous and safe in terms of HIV transmission; developing the ability to assess the degree of risk of infection in a real life situation.
- The students are divided into three groups.
- Each group is given cards consisting of 2-3 types of behavior (eating food prepared by an HIV-infected person, blood transfusion, during pregnancy from mother to fetus, using poorly sterilized instruments, swimming with an HIV-infected person in the same pool, greeting and hugging an HIV-infected person, during organ and tissue transplantation, when using common utensils, linen, a towel with an HIV-infected person, through insect bites, etc.). Then the task is given to determine the level of risk for each type of behavior (actions). On the board, write the 3 levels of risk (maximum risk, minimal risk, there is no risk).
- Students are encouraged to identify the appropriate risk factors in these situations.
- After the discussion in small groups, a representative of each group should be heard, and a discussion should be held.
Answers must be given with explanations. The teacher comments, explains, corrects the mistakes made.
Teacher. Clinical manifestations of the disease. At first, HIV does not manifest itself in the body, those infected with the virus feel healthy, nothing bothers them (the first stage is the latent (incubation period)). This can continue for quite a long time (from several weeks to 12 or more months). It should be noted that already during this period, infected people who do not suspect that they have HIV can infect many healthy people. In some infected, the onset of the disease may pass without any deviations in health. But in 60% of those infected, within 2-4 weeks from the moment of infection (or 2-3 months after the introduction of HIV), a short-term illness appears, which usually very much resembles a cold or flu with an increase in body temperature (the development of the second stage begins). In addition to fever, in some patients, the lymph glands swell, the throat becomes inflamed (similar to a sore throat), a skin rash appears, there may be an upset stool, headache, and insomnia. Then (after 1-2 weeks, after a maximum of 44 days), all the symptoms of the disease disappear almost on their own, without treatment. And infected people usually for many years, if they do not inject drugs and protect their health by giving up all bad habits, there are no signs of a serious illness, and the infected person does not complain about anything. This is the second stage of the disease, the manifestation of which can only be an increase in lymph nodes. The insidiousness of HIV lies in the fact that at this stage of the disease, apparently healthy HIV-infected people can infect others, often they themselves may not suspect that they pose a threat to infecting their loved ones. However, after a few years, HIV-infected people slowly but steadily begin to show symptoms of the disease. The disease passes into the next (third) stage of the disease, which, in essence, marks the beginning of AIDS. The patient begins to worry about fever, sweating especially at night, frequent stools or diarrhea, weight loss. Usually 10 years after infection, 50% of those infected develop the last (fourth) stage of the disease. AIDS patients develop brain damage, skin cancer (Kaposi's sarcoma), tuberculosis, pneumonia, intestinal infections, and other distressing symptoms. The most common symptoms of AIDS are marked weight loss up to exhaustion (skin and bones remain, as in cancer), fever, sweating, coughing, severe shortness of breath, memory and intelligence loss. In the last months of life, AIDS patients practically lose their sight, cannot speak and swallow food. The protective functions of the body's immune system are completely disrupted, and various pathogens become the cause of incurable, fatal diseases. The end result of HIV infection is death from AIDS.
The Russian Federation provides for criminal liability (Article 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) (showing the 17th - 18th slide of the presentation):
- Knowingly exposing another person to the risk of contracting HIV infection is punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to 3 years, or arrest for a term of 3 to 6 months, or imprisonment for up to 1 year.
- Infection of another person with HIV infection, by a person who knew about the presence of this disease, is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 5 years.
Exercise "The Legend of Genghis Khan" ( application 2).
Exercise "Boundaries of what is permitted."
Purpose: to develop skills in forming relationships between boys and girls, the ability to say “No”.
Situation: Sasha and Galya love each other. As they spent more and more time together, they began to express their feelings more tenderly. However, Sasha's desire to become even closer grew with each date. Galya is sure that abstinence (refusal of sexual relations) is in this case the best choice. Sasha insists. Discussion of the situation.
Teacher: There are many ways to say no. Your behavior should not be ambiguous when you say "no". Say “no” decisively and firmly. Vague “I don’t know”, “maybe” are evasive answers, often perceived as agreement.
III. Consolidation of the studied
Student message. Are there any treatments for HIV infection?
So far, medicine has not been able to find a cure for AIDS. Existing remedies can only maintain health and slow down the course of the disease, but not stop it altogether. The development of AIDS vaccines seems to be as difficult as the development of influenza vaccines, due to the great variability of the virus. HIV has a unique variability that is 5 times higher than that of the influenza virus and 100 times higher than that of the hepatitis B virus. Treatment has not been effective so far (the main drug is azidothymidine). Since there are still no reliable drugs for the treatment of AIDS, the death of all these people is almost certain. As part of the implementation of the Priority National Healthcare Project, 3.1 billion rubles have been allocated for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. The money will be directed to the prevention and treatment of HIV-infected people.
Student message. What is the difficulty in treating HIV infection?
Anti-AIDS drugs act on certain enzymes of the virus, in connection with which its reproduction stops. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to completely cure the patient with the help of medicine. The fact is that the AIDS virus is embedded in the genome of the cells of various organs and cannot be pulled out from there. With the help of drugs, you can ensure that the virus disappears from the blood. There are no free particles, it does not infect new cells, but it is still stored in the body; and as soon as the drug is stopped, it reappears in the blood.
Student message. What methods, in your opinion, can be used by the Administration to prevent the spread of HIV infection in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)?
The main methods of prevention are that doctors should go out with lectures and talks to schools and enterprises more often. It is necessary to speak with children in an accessible language and in small groups. More colorful posters and booklets about possible ways of getting AIDS. In lectures and conversations, the main emphasis should be placed on proper sexual education, limiting the number of sexual partners, and using condoms; use of syringes, needles, disposable transfusion systems; thorough sterilization of medical instruments; conducting mass screening for HIV infection.
IV. Lesson Analysis
The teacher discusses with the students what they liked in the lesson, what new knowledge they got, what surprised them, what was useful. Concludes:
- AIDS is a dangerous and insidious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
- AIDS is spreading because of the unwillingness to change the norms of their behavior.
The slogan “DO NOT DIE BECAUSE OF IGNORANCE!” should become a reality and the norm of life for every person.
V. Homework
Do your homework on the topic: “Life without bad habits” in the form:
- Poster (drawing, photograph, computer graphics), which is accompanied by a slogan or other ideological text. Completion conditions: on sheet A4 with the signature of the author on reverse side Images.
- Video CD / DVD (no more than 1.5 minutes long, subtitles in Russian are welcome) with a text description of the script attached as a separate file (no more than 1 page).
UPDATED
Every year on December 1, the World Health Organization celebrates World AIDS Day. The initiative was launched in 1988 to raise global awareness of HIV/AIDS.
In Russia to world day In the fight against AIDS, the All-Russian campaign “Stop HIV/AIDS” is timed, which are held on November 28-December 4 and May 15-27. During the Actions, information and educational events are held in the country: open thematic lessons prepared by healthcare professionals, the Open Student Forum “Stop AIDS Together”, the educational and interactive program “What do you know about HIV?” and others. Open lessons and events are held in institutions of secondary general, secondary vocational and higher education.
Well-known actors, musicians, politicians, athletes join the Campaign every year. They take pictures with the #stopwichspeed hashtag and post them on social networks as a sign of solidarity with the fight against AIDS. Anyone can join them, in order to post your photos with a hashtag on networks: VKontakte, Instagram, Facebook and Twitter.
Methodical materials for holding events for the All-Russian campaign "Stop HIV / AIDS" from May 15 to May 21, 2017
Methodological materials on organization All-Russian lesson in 2016
Healthy generation, healthy future! A doctor's perspective on HIV prevention
(Armais Albertovich Kamalov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Urology and Andrology; Olga Borisovna Panina, MD, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Lomonosov Moscow State University)
Education and information for HIV prevention through music, dance, Internet technologies and trainings
(Evgenia Georgievna Alekseeva, Foundation social development and Health Focus-Media)
Trainings as an effective solution for HIV prevention and formation healthy lifestyle life among teenagers and youth
(about the results of the trainings "Everything that concerns you", developed with the support of the "Health and Development" Foundation; Frolov Sergey Anatolyevich, Dmitrieva Elena Viktorovna)
The practice of conducting trainings on the prevention of stigmatization and discrimination of students and educators living with HIV
State budget professional educational institution Republic of Crimea
"Dzhankoy professional technical school" Kalinovsky branch
OPEN LESSON
on the topic: " STOP HIV AIDS»
Class teacher of group 15
Ibragimova Anife Rishatovna
TOPIC: STOP HIV/AIDS
Target:
form ideas about the disease of the century;
to acquaint students with basic information about the disease and dangerous features of HIV infection;
to form the concept of personal responsibility for one's health;
learn to assess situations of stay in risk areas and observe precautionary measures.
Equipment: presentation, cups of water, starch, iodine.
Board layout: presentation
DURING THE CLASSES
Presentation is open
II. Explanation of new material
1. Epigraph
At the turn of the millennium, there comes a moment when
We are responsible for everything, flipping through the years,
The man who conquered the sky, inventing a miracle of technology,
Indulging in bad habits, he forgets about his health.
2 . Hello dear students! Today we will talk about HIV and how to protect yourself from this virus. This is relevant today. First, let's find out what it is?
AT irus
And immunodeficiency
H man
A pathogen that attacks the immune system. It destroys and weakens the function of human immune cells, as a result of which an incurable infectious disease, HIV infection, develops in infected people.
How HIV works:
- penetrates inside the body;
- attacks immune cells of the body;
Gradually causes immunodeficiency.
It develops on average 10-12 years after infection and is accompanied by a violation of the immune system, against which many infectious diseases and malignant tumors develop.
AIDS- acquired immune deficiency syndrome, last stage HIV infections.
An organism unable to defend itself dies in the absence of ARV.
In the world, more than 46% of those infected do not know about their positive HIV- status.
Today students help me different groups. HIV/IDS affects all of us. For 35 years, scientists have been working hard to study this virus, stop its spread and save millions of lives.
A bit of history:
1981 - the first report of the disease in the United States;
1982 - was named AIDS;
1983 - French and US scientists discovered and discovered a new HIV virus;
1987 - the first case of HIV in the USSR.
Between 1981 and 2017, more than 70 million cases of HIV infection were registered in the world and 35 million died from AIDS.
Let's find out how you can get infected from AIDS?
Now listen to how this virus is not transmitted.
The population of Russia is over 146 million people. Of these, more than 900,000 people are living with HIV. Every hour in Russia, 10 people are infected.
Tell- No drugs!
Blood-borne transmission through injecting drug use is the most common route of HIV transmission in Russia.
Today everyone understands that HIV is extremely dangerous, but not everyone knows that it is necessary to periodically take a blood test.
Many people think that HIV does not concern them, because they are not drug addicts and lead quite a decent lifestyle. However, those who do not fall into any risk groups are increasingly becoming infected. And even worse, they find out about their diagnosis when it's too late.
In Russia, medical testing for HIV is voluntary. And it is very important to find out about your positive HIV diagnosis as early as possible.
Antiretroviral therapy is the use of special antiviral drugs.
From the moment HIV antibodies are detected in the blood, a person can live up to 30 years. With early detection of ARV therapy, it is possible to live with HIV for more than 40 years.
In 1996, modern ARV drugs appeared. Since that time, HIV infection has ceased to be a fatal disease. Drugs should be used constantly and only under the supervision of the attending physician.
ARV therapy:
reduces viral load in the body;
supports immunity;
reduces the risk opportunistic infections;
prolongs life and preserves its quality;
gives a chance for the birth of a healthy child.
It's important to know!
Health care for HIV infection, including ARV drugs, is provided to citizens of the Russian Federation free of charge.
So, there is the topic of vaccines, this is being developed by many scientific groups in different countries of the world and in Russia, but to date they have not shown good results. And the solution to this issue remains the main one in world science. We hope that someday the planet will beat HIV together.
The main objective of HIV research prevention research is to develop prevention methods based on new approaches and technological solutions.
In 2017, the number of new HIV infections among adults and children decreased, HIV-related mortality decreased, and access to ARV treatment expanded.
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and tropical diseases.
I would love to believe this.
It is impossible to determine the presence of HIV infection by external signs!
Get a free HIV test.
How to protect yourself from HIV infection.
Many famous people already died from this disease.
III. Consolidation of what has been learned.
3.1. How does the human immune system work?
The immune system- this is the internal "militia" of the body, protecting our health. If “criminals” (pathogenic bacteria and viruses) enter the body, the immune system recognizes them, studies and destroys them. For the destruction of each type of pathogens, she prepares a special "capture group" - antibodies.
Why can't the immune system fight HIV? The fact is that HIV is a smart and cunning enemy. Once in the body, it penetrates the very cells of the immune system and pretends to be one of "its own". The rest of the “policemen” cells do not see the “criminal” and do not have time to prepare the necessary antibodies to destroy him. Meanwhile, HIV multiplies rapidly, making more and more copies of itself. By the time capture group antibodies appear, it is already too late.
Gradually, HIV destroys the immune system. Immunodeficiency develops - a lack of protective forces in the body. The last stage of this state is called AIDS- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
3.2. How does HIV cause AIDS?
The development of the epidemic process in HIV infection has its own patterns, which can be traced in various countries of the world, and it can be divided into main phases:
Four periods:
Window period (6 months)
The period of primary manifestations (6 years)
The period of development of secondary diseases (tuberculosis, cancer)
AIDS, or terminal stage (no protective cells)
3.3. How is HIV transmitted?
"Water Play"
Tasks :
Make it clear how quickly HIV infection is spreading;
Explain that a person's health largely depends on his behavior.
materials :
Glasses of water according to the number of students;
Starch; - iodine.
Instruction :
1. From the very beginning of the exercise, all cups are placed on the table. One of them contains starch.
2. The students do not know which cup contains starch, and the teacher does not say at all that the cups are different from each other.
3. The teacher distributes mugs of water to all participants, which symbolically refers to the blood and other body fluids through which HIV can be transmitted.
4. The teacher invites everyone to mentally transport themselves to another space for three minutes and become participants in the party. “At the party, everyone feels and behaves very freely. Here it is considered normal to have sexual relations with people you have just met, or to use drugs. The more contacts you have, the stronger the position in the party (and, accordingly, the more chances in the game).
5. It is necessary to enter into "sexual contact" with as many people as possible in three minutes.
6. Contact is symbolized by pouring a small amount of water into each other's cups.
7. After three minutes, the "party" ends.
8. After the students have taken their seats, the teacher says that one of the participants in the party turned out to be HIV-infected - starch was added to his glass.
9. The facilitator asks all participants if they are ready to take an HIV test and explains the importance of knowing if you are infected or not.
10. For those who came up with their glass, the leader conducts a test - iodine is dripped into the water, and the water, in which there is at least a little starch, turns blue-violet.
11. Students will immediately see a visual result: starch was in just one cup, and now it is in almost all of them.
3.4. Can a virus be killed?
The disease does not spare anyone, but there is a saying “God protects the safe”. How to protect yourself from HIV infection?
Getting infected with HIV is not easy. The virus is extremely sensitive and survives outside the human body only under sterile conditions, such as in a flask. Being placed in a space without air access, the virus dies. Normal hygiene measures at home and in the hospital also quickly render the virus harmless.
Sexual contact is the most common route of transmission of the virus. Therefore, a reliable way to avoid infection during casual sexual intercourse is to use a condom. The use of a condom virtually eliminates the direct entry of infected sperm or vaginal fluid through the mucous membranes of the genital organs. Intravenous drug use is not only unhealthy, but also significantly increases the risk of HIV infection. Often intravenous drug users share needles and syringes without sterilizing them. Use of any instrumentation (syringes, blood transfusion systems, etc.) as in medical institutions, and in everyday life (manicure, pedicure, tattoos, shaving, etc.), which may contain the blood of a person infected with a virus, requires their sterilization. This virus is unstable, dies when boiled. Special disinfecting solutions of chlorine-containing substances, hydrogen peroxide can also be used. Alcohol is not recommended for this.
IV. conclusions:
AIDS- a dangerous and insidious disease that is caused by the immunodeficiency virus
AIDS spreads due to our ignorance, as well as unwillingness to change the norms of our behavior
Slogan " All in your hands!" should become the norm of life for every person!
Parable "The Wise Man and the Young Man"
A rumor spread in the village that a wise man had appeared who could answer any questions. And then one young man thought: “Let me outsmart the wise man. I'll go into the field, catch a butterfly and hold it between my palms. Then I will go to the sage and ask if the butterfly is alive or dead. If the wise man says that he is alive, I will tighten my hands and show him that the butterfly is dead. And if he says that he is dead, then I will open my palms - and the butterfly will fly away. As I thought, so I did. He went into the field, caught a butterfly and brought it to the sage: "Here, sage, I have a butterfly in my hands, tell me whether it is alive or dead." The sage looked attentively at the young man and said: All in your hands!
V. Lesson Analysis
The teacher discusses with the students what they liked in the lesson, what new knowledge they got, what surprised them, what was useful.
VI. Homework:
Prepare a project “STOP HIV/AIDS
