Partisan formations - detachments, regiments, brigades, formations (divisions) of Soviet partisans during the Great Patriotic War.
Objectives of activities June 29, 1941 - directive of the Council of People's Commissars - in content resembles "The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!" Creation of partisan detachments, underground and sabotage groups in the territory occupied by the enemy Destruction of valuables Leaders of party and Komsomol organizations led the movement The directive formed the basis of I. V. Stalin's speech on July 3, 1941
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: The organization of partisan formations was determined by: the number of personnel, the number and composition of weapons, the geographical conditions of the area, the economic condition of the area, the nature of the tasks performed
INFRASTRUCTURE. Many partisan formations had their own hospitals, workshops for the repair of weapons and various property, ammunition platoons.
WEAPONS. The partisans were armed mainly with light weapons: light machine guns, machine guns, rifles, carbines, grenades. Many detachments and formations had mortars and heavy machine guns. In some cases, the partisans used cannons and tanks left by the troops on the battlefield.
The main organizational and combat unit of the partisans was the partisan detachment, which usually consisted of companies, platoons and squads, and sometimes of combat groups. Its number varied from 20 to 200 people. The detachment was part of a partisan brigade (combinations, divisions) or was independent. The partisan regiment consisted of battalions and was not widely used. He acted independently or as part of a partisan brigade, formation (division).
The partisan brigade united several detachments (rarely battalions and regiments) and numbered from several hundred to 3-4 thousand or more people. The partisan formation (division) included 10 or more partisan brigades with a total strength of up to 15-19 thousand people, it was created by decision of the headquarters of the partisan movement, underground regional committees (district committees) of the party. In the combat operations of the unit (division), raids prevailed, including those outside the Soviet territory. Organizationally, some formations included cavalry, artillery and machine gun units.
Stage I - summer 1941 - summer 1942 Spontaneous actions of small armed groups Poor weapons No coordination, fragmentation organizations on the ground specified the role
Partisan detachments Ukraine: L. Drozhzhin, V. Kostenko, A. Zlenko, S. A. Kovpak, A. N. Saburov. Belarus: P. Ponomarenko, P. Kalinin, V. Malinin, K. Mazurov Central regions of the USSR: D. N. Medvedev, A. F. Fedorov Leningrad region: G. Bumagin, A. V. German
Stage II - summer 1942 - summer 1943 May 30 -The Central Headquarters of the partisan movement was created (headed by P. Ponomarenko) + Carried out radio communications between headquarters + Engaged in the transfer of ammunition, medicines, food to the territory occupied by the enemy + Prepared the organizers of the underground, radio operators, scouts, attracted military specialists
Partisan region - territory in the rear of the German troops, liberated and for a long time partisan-held partisan zone - territory controlled by partisans
The detachment, brigade and formation were headed by a commander and a commissar, there was a headquarters, and in large formations there was also a party-political apparatus. The commanders had deputies for reconnaissance, for sabotage, and a supply assistant with the relevant units. Party and Komsomol organizations worked in the detachments. COMMAND
Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak (1887-1967) - commander of the Putivl partisan detachment (later - the Sumy partisan unit, 1st Ukrainian partisan division), member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Ukraine, major general. Double Hero Soviet Union. He carried out raids behind enemy lines in the Sumy, Kursk, Oryol and Bryansk regions, in 1942-1943 - a raid from the Bryansk forests on the Right-Bank Ukraine in the Gomel, Pinsk, Volyn, Rivne, Zhitomir and Kyiv regions; in 1943 - the Carpathian raid.
Ponomarenko Panteleimon Kondratievich (1902-1984) In 1938-1947 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus. Since September 1939, a member of the Military Council of the Belarusian Military District, he took part in the leadership of the troops that entered the territory of Western Belarus. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a member of the military councils of the fronts and armies, led the partisan movement. From May 30, 1942 - March 1943 - Chief of the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement at the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.
Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev (1898 - 1954) Partisan detachment commander, Hero of the Soviet Union, NKVD personnel officer, colonel The detachment operated until January 1942 on the territory of the Smolensk, Bryansk, Mogilev regions, conducted over 50 major operations
Alexander Nikolayevich Saburov (1908 -1974) Major General, commander of a partisan unit, Hero of the Soviet Union. In October 1941 he headed the Soviet partisan detachment. From March 1942 to April 1944 he commanded a partisan unit that operated in Sumy, Zhytomyr, Volyn, Rivne and other regions of Ukraine, as well as the Bryansk and Oryol regions of Russia and in the southern regions of Belarus.
Fedorov Alexey Fedorovich (1901 -1989) From September 1941 - the first secretary of the Chernigov, from March 1943 - also the Volyn underground regional party committees, at the same time the commander of the Chernigov-Volyn partisan unit of the NKVD of the USSR, operating in Ukraine, Belarus and in the Bryansk forests of Russia. During these years, the talent of Alexei Fedorov as an outstanding organizer of guerrilla warfare, one of the creators of guerrilla tactics, was revealed.
Golikov Leonid Aleksandrovich Brigadier reconnaissance officer of the 67th (1926-1943) detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade, operating in the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Participated in 27 combat operations. Accompanied a wagon train with food (250 carts) to besieged Leningrad. For valor and courage he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, the medal "For Courage" and the medal to the Partisan of the Patriotic War 2nd degree. On January 24, 1943, Leonid Golikov died in an unequal battle in the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region.
Stage III - summer 1943 -1944 Joint actions of partisans with units of the Red Army Disrupted the supply of weapons to the Nazi troops Undermined communications Conducted operations "Rail war", "Concert"
Rail War It was carried out jointly with units of the Red Army near Kursk from August 3 to September 15, 1943. 167 partisan formations participated in it. The partisans of Belarus derailed 761 enemy echelons, Ukraine - 349, Smolensk region - 102. As a result of the operation, the Mogilev-Krichev, Polotsk-Dvinsk, Mogilev-Zhlobin highways did not operate throughout August. On others railways traffic was often delayed for 3-15 days. The actions of the partisans significantly hampered the regrouping and supply of the retreating enemy troops.
The code name of the operation (from September 19 - October 1943), the continuation of the operation "Rail War. 193 partisan formations from Belarus, the Baltic States, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions participated. The length of the operation along the front is about 900 kilometers (excluding Karelia and the Crimea) and over 400 kilometers in depth. This operation was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and the Battle of the Dnieper. The leadership was carried out by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement. Operation "Concert"
Underground during the war In the territory occupied by the enemy, underground organizations headed by party and Komsomol leaders operated. The main forms of struggle: Posted leaflets in which they called for a fight, covered the current state of affairs at the front Disrupted the supply of weapons to German troops for conducting military operations Hid those who had fled from captivity from being sent to Germany Provided the Soviet command important information about the enemy
Zaslonov Konstantin Sergeevich (1910 - 1942) In October 1941 he was sent behind enemy lines as part of a group of railway workers. Partisan pseudonym - "Uncle Kostya". He created an underground group, whose members blew up 93 German locomotives in 3 months by using "coal mines". He acted with a group in the Vitebsk-Orsha-Smolensk region. He died in 1942 in a battle with punishers.
"Young Guard" Underground anti-fascist Komsomol organization in the city of Krasnodon, Lugansk region. , established on July 20, 1942, consisted of about 110 people - boys and girls. Ivan Turkenich, Oleg Koshevoy, Sergey Tyulenin, Ivan Zemnukhov, Ulyana Gromova and Lyubov Shevtsova are active
The Significance of the Partisan Movement and the Underground In total, during the war years behind enemy lines, there were more than 6,000 partisan detachments, in which more than 1 million people fought. During the operations, the partisans destroyed, captured and wounded 1 million fascists, disabled 4 thousand tanks and armored vehicles, 65 thousand vehicles, 1100 aircraft, destroyed and damaged 1600 railway bridges, derailed 20 thousand trains.
Partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.
Completed by: 9th grade student
Razyapov Salavat
The interaction of partisans with units of the regular army was important. In 1941, during the defensive battles of the Red Army, the partisans mainly conducted reconnaissance. However, from the spring of 1943, the systematic development of plans began with the use of partisan forces. The most striking example of effective interaction between partisans and units of the Soviet Army was the Belarusian operation of 1944, codenamed "Bagration". In it, a powerful grouping of Belarusian partisans was essentially one of the fronts, coordinating its actions with the four advancing fronts of the regular army. The activity of partisans during the Great Patriotic War was highly appreciated. More than 127 thousand of them were awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st and 2nd degrees; over 184 thousand were awarded other medals and orders, and 249 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and S.A. Kovpak and A.F. Fedorov - twice.
Partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War
The partisan movement is the armed struggle of the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders in the temporarily occupied territory of the USSR
The call for partisan struggle was made in an appeal to the people by I.V. Stalin on July 3, 1941 The Pravda newspaper, which published a speech by the chairman of the State Defense Committee I.V. Stalin
On July 18, 1941, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks adopted a resolution "On the organization of the struggle in the rear of the German troops" in which were formulated common goals, tasks and main forms of struggle At the first stage, the main goal of the partisans was to reduce the defense capability of the enemy troops, to divert the largest possible enemy forces to protect their rear. At this stage, the partisan formations solved the following most typical tasks: they conducted reconnaissance; disorganized the work of the rear of the enemy; destroyed manpower, military equipment; disrupted defensive work; mined communication routes and other important objects of the enemy; They disrupted the evacuation of industry and transport by the enemy.
At the second stage, the main goal of the combat operations of the partisan forces was to create favorable conditions for the advance of the Soviet troops at a high pace. Proceeding from this, new tasks were also set: to prevent the influx of reserves and materiel of the Nazis into the area of operation; make it difficult to leave; disrupt control.
The main forms of fighting ambush raid sabotage Partisans of one of the detachments in an ambush on a forest road
The armament of the partisan detachments was dominated by light small arms, machine guns, machine guns and mortars. Soviet female partisans armed with Mosin rifles with attached bayonets.
Soldiers of the partisan detachment "Forward" are studying the device of a new mortar. Tungudsky district, village of Lekhta. 1942
The partisan movement that arose in the lower classes was at first perceived with caution by the Soviet leadership. But the massive nature of the liberation struggle and the great damage inflicted by the partisans on the invaders forced the Committee of Defense and the Headquarters to change their views. On May 30, 1942, the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement was created at the Headquarters, which was led by P.K. Ponomarenko
The leadership was carried out mainly by radio Popov D. M., head of the Western Headquarters of the partisan movement
The most successful partisan raids were carried out by S.A. Kovpak, A.N. Saburov, S.V. Grishin, A.F. Fedorov, P.P. Vershigory. S.A. Kovpak A.N. Saburov S.V. Grishin A.F. Fedorov P.P. Vershigora
In July 1943, the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement developed a plan for a major operation called the "Rail War". According to this plan, the partisans of Belarus, Leningrad, Kalinin, Smolensk and Oryol regions were to disable a significant number of enemy railway communications with simultaneous strikes.
In terms of its scale, the "Rail War" acquired a strategic character. Launched on the night of August 3, 1943, at the height of the fierce battle on the Kursk Bulge, it unfolded over a vast expanse of 1,000 km along the front and 750 km in depth, and continued until mid-September 1943. About 100 thousand fighters of partisan formations and tens of thousands of civilians took part in the operation. The collapse of the German military echelon, organized by one of the partisan detachments
The nationwide struggle in the rear of the Nazi troops is one of the brilliant pages of the Great Patriotic War, an outstanding feat of the Soviet people. For heroism and courage shown during the years of severe trials, thousands of patriots were awarded orders and medals, 249 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and S.A. Kovpak and A.F. Fedorov was awarded this title twice. The commander of the partisan detachment presents the medal "For Courage" to the young partisan scout
Commander of the 5th Leningrad Partisan Brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union Karitsky K.D. attaches the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War II degree" to the priest of the church of the Porkhov district Puzanov F.A.
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Great Patriotic War partisans Performed by students 7 "A" Shley Dmitry and Tsinevsky Viktor
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Menu Soviet partisans in the Great Patriotic War Partisan movement in the occupied regions of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War Formation of Soviet partisan detachments False partisan detachments Jewish partisan detachments Elements of partisan war Location of Soviet partisan detachments
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Soviet partisans in the Great Patriotic War Soviet partisans - component the anti-fascist resistance movement, which fought with the methods of guerrilla warfare with Germany and its allies in the territories of the USSR occupied by those territories during the Great Patriotic War. The movement was coordinated and controlled by the Soviet authorities and was modeled after the Red Army. The main goal of the partisan war was to undermine the front in the German rear - disruption of communications and communications, the operation of its road and rail communications (the so-called "Rail War"), etc.
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In the Bryansk region, Soviet partisans controlled vast territories in the German rear. In the summer of 1942, they actually exercised control over a territory of over 14,000 square kilometers. The Bryansk partisan republic was formed. The partisans waged the main struggle in this area not against the German invaders, but against the anti-Bolshevik-minded population of the Lokot Republic. Detachments of Soviet partisans with a total number of more than 60,000 people in the region were led by Alexei Fedorov, Alexander Saburov and others. Partisan movement in the occupied regions of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War
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The formation of Soviet partisan detachments The main tasks of the partisan movement were set out in the Directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of June 29, 1941 and the Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of July 18, 1941 "On the organization of the struggle in the rear of the German troops." The most important directions of the struggle behind enemy lines were formulated in the order of the People's Commissar of Defense I. V. Stalin of September 5, 1942 "On the tasks of the partisan movement."
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There were cases when the Nazis, in order to discredit the partisan movement, created punitive detachments (usually from collaborators), who pretended to be Soviet partisans and committed murders of civilians. In 1943-1944, a group of collaborators acted in Polesie under the guise of partisans. As one of the former members of the resistance said, there was a case when one of the guerrilla groups met with "false guerrillas":
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Jewish Partisan Detachments On the territory of the Soviet Union, in underground organizations and partisan detachments, from 15,000 to 49,000 Jews fought against the Nazis. Approximately 4,000 people fought in 70 purely Jewish partisan detachments on the territory of the USSR. Jewish partisan detachments were created by those Jews who fled from the ghettos and camps, fleeing from destruction by the Nazis. Many of the organizers of the Jewish detachments were previously members of underground organizations in the ghetto.
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Elements of guerrilla warfare sabotage occupied a significant place in the activities of guerrilla formations. They were very effective method disorganization of the enemy rear, inflicting losses and material damage to the enemy, without entering into a combat collision with him. Using special sabotage equipment, small groups of partisans and even loners could cause significant damage to the enemy. In total, during the war years, Soviet partisans derailed about 18,000 trains, of which 15,000 in 1943-1944.
