Special purpose, whose task is to search, detect and destroy sea mines and guide ships (vessels) through minefields. They are the main component of mine-sweeping forces.
- contact - which are usually strong chains with a number of knives mounted on them and a diverter-dipper at the end; with their help, minreps of mines are cut, pop-up mines are shot;
- acoustic - designed to detonate mines with acoustic fuses, imitate the acoustic picture of the passage of a large ship;
- electromagnetic (solenoid) - similarly to acoustic, they imitate the electromagnetic radiation of the target.
In accordance with this, requirements for acoustic, electromagnetic stealth are imposed on the minesweeper. To meet them, the following measures are taken:
- Constructive. The hull of the minesweeper is made of non-magnetic materials (wood, plastic), dimensions and draft are limited, degaussing devices are installed, damping and soundproofing of mechanisms are used, non-cavitating propellers.
- Preventive. Periodically, or before trawling, the physical fields of the ship (primarily acoustic and magnetic) are measured, and their reduction is carried out.
- Tactical. The ship is used in modes that minimize induced fields: low speeds to reduce noise and dynamic pressure, movement along the Earth's magnetic lines, if possible, etc.
Minesweepers were first used by the Russian fleet in Port Arthur in 1904.
The appearance of minesweepers-searchers of mines was caused by the improvement of mine fuses, which reduced the reliability of etching. Therefore, a logical development of combat trawling was proposed: not to use trawls, but to search for and destroy mines with explosive charges. The main weapons here are search vehicles or swimmers-miners. The conditions for their use become more important, although the requirements for reducing the physical fields of the mine detector remain.
By 2000, the fleets of the world had 60 minesweepers, 181 minesweepers, one squadron of minesweepers (22÷24 vehicles).
Aircraft can also be used as minesweepers. So during the Second World War, a number of bomber aircraft of the British Air Force were converted for these purposes. At the same time, a number of aircraft of the German Air Force Junkers Yu 52 underwent similar modifications. Currently, US Navy MH-53E helicopters are actively used as minesweepers.
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Synonyms:See what "Sweeper" is in other dictionaries:
See trawler Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011 minesweeper n. trawler Slo... Synonym dictionary
- (Mine sweeper) a warship designed to detect and destroy mines with trawls and has special equipment for this. There are the following types of T.: 1) high-speed T., designed to travel together with the fleet or its ... ... Marine Dictionary
A warship for detecting and destroying sea mines with the help of trawls and for guiding ships (vessels) through minefields following the trawls. Minesweepers are sea, river, etc ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Minesweeper, minesweeper, husband. 1. Small fishing vessel equipped with trawls (special). 2. A military vessel equipped with trawls for catching underwater mines (military sea). Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
MINESWEEPER, a, husband. Military trawling vessel (previously also the same as trawler). Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
minesweeper- a warship designed to search, detect, destroy sea mines and guide ships behind trawls through minefields. There are squadron, basic, raid, river minesweepers. Displacement 100 1300 tons, equipped with mine ... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary
MINESWEEPER- a warship designed to search for, detect, destroy sea mines and guide ships (vessels) behind trawls (see (2)) through minefields. There are T.: sea, basic, raid, river; they are equipped with ship trawls, ... ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia
BUT; m. 1. Fishing vessel equipped with trawls (1 character); = trawler. 2. A military vessel that catches underwater mines with trawls (3 digits) and destroys them. 3. A military miner on such a ship. * * * minesweeper warship for detection and destruction… … encyclopedic Dictionary
- (see trawl) 1) a warship designed to detect and destroy mines; 2) the same as the trawler. New dictionary foreign words. by EdwART, 2009. minesweeper [eng. trawler] - 1) a military vessel of small size and with a small draft, ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
I m. 1. A fishing vessel equipped with trawls [trawl 1.]. 2. Vessel designed to detect and destroy mines with trawls [trawl 2.]. II m. 1. The one who leads the fishing with the help of a trawl [trawl 1.]; trawlmaster. 2. The one who is working on ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
Books
- "Eternal" Li-2 - long-range bomber, military transport and landing aircraft, Mikhail Maslov. On May 9, 1945, the Victory Banner and the German Surrender Act were delivered to Moscow on this legendary aircraft. This aircraft masterpiece, produced in the USSR under an American license and nicknamed ...
) through minefields.
They are the main component of the mine-sweeping forces of the Navy of the armed forces of individual states of the world.
Encyclopedic YouTube
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Project 12700 innovative fiberglass minesweepers
Fiberglass minesweeper "Alexander Obukhov - the first in Russia (photo, video, details)
The Russian Fleet for the first time showed the ship - a robot
Subtitles
Story
In connection with the emergence of a new type of weapon, fleets are armed with armed forces many states - a sea mine, retaliatory measures were also required to successfully solve the eternal sword-shield problem, and for the first time it was successfully solved in the Russian fleet. Minesweepers were first used by the Russian fleet in Port Arthur in 1904
The appearance of minesweepers-searchers of mines was caused by the improvement of mine fuses, which reduced the reliability of etching. Therefore, a logical development of combat sweeping was proposed: not to use trawls, but to search for and destroy mines with explosive charges. The main weapons here are search vehicles or swimmers-miners. The conditions for their use become more important, although the requirements for reducing the physical fields of the mine detector remain.
By 2000, the world's fleets had 60 minesweepers, 181 minesweepers, one squadron of minesweepers (22÷24 vehicles).
Aviation equipment can also be used as minesweepers. So during the Second World War, a number of bomber aircraft of the British Air Force were converted for these purposes. At the same time, a number of aircraft of the Air Force VS Germany (Luftwaffe) Junkers Yu 52 underwent similar modifications. To combat magnetic mines, they were equipped with large conductive rings and separate engines with generators to create a powerful magnetic field. The disadvantages of such systems, in addition to complicated piloting, was that with overly sensitive mine fuses, they could detonate right under the plane, which was forced to fly above the very surface of the water. In addition, mines could only be destroyed in this way at a very shallow depth. Currently, US Navy MH-53E helicopters are actively used as minesweepers.
Division
- contact - which are usually strong chains with a number of knives mounted on them and a diverter-dipper at the end; with their help, minreps of mines are cut, pop-up mines are shot;
- acoustic - designed to detonate mines with acoustic fuses, imitate the acoustic picture of the passage of a large ship;
- electromagnetic (solenoid) - similarly to acoustic, they imitate the electromagnetic radiation of the target.
In accordance with this, requirements for acoustic, electromagnetic stealth are imposed on the minesweeper. To meet them, the following measures are taken:
- Constructive. The hull of the minesweeper is made of non-magnetic materials (wood, plastic), dimensions and draft are limited, degaussing devices are installed, damping and soundproofing of mechanisms are used, non-cavitating propellers.
- Preventive. Periodically, or before trawling, the physical fields of the ship (primarily acoustic and magnetic) are measured, and their reduction is carried out.
- Tactical. The ship is used in modes that minimize induced fields: low speeds to reduce noise and dynamic pressure, movement along the Earth's magnetic lines, if possible, etc.
June 8, 1855 is considered the birthday of a new weapon: on this day, for the first time in history, English ships were blown up on Russian anchor mines on the approaches to Kronstadt. firefly», « wil-tu R", " Bulldog"and steamship-frigate" Marlin". Since then, mines have become a formidable fighting force of the fleet.
They can be placed by cruisers, patrol boats, but there are also specially designed for this minelayers the so-called "minzagi". of this class were "Bug" and "Danube", converted in 1891 from transports. Minzagi of the Russian Navy played big role in military operations at sea in the Russian-Japanese, World War I and the Great Patriotic War. They, in particular, set up large defensive barriers at Port Arthur, at the mouth of the Gulf of Finland, near Kronstadt. Among the warships that were the first to receive the title of guards was the minelayer Oka of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, commanded by a wonderful sailor captain 1st rank Nikolai Iosifovich Meshchersky.
guards minelayer "Marty"
minelayers
Unlike other warships minelayers take mines not only on the deck, but also in the interior, the so-called shops. Thanks to this, the minzagi device can take on board a fairly large number of mines. In appearance, minelayers are not much different from transports. Guards minelayer "Oka" was, for example, converted from the former tsarist.
minelayer "Pripyat"
On decks minelayers rails were laid for placing, fastening and moving mines, and ramps were installed in the stern of the ship - an inclined end of the rails for rolling them into the water. However, the disadvantage of these ships is their weak armament - two or three universal guns of 45 or 100 mm caliber and heavy machine guns.
minesweepers
Russia is the birthplace of not only mine weapons and minelayers, but also minesweepers. A minesweeper, as a rule, is a chalk-sitting ship with a small displacement. It is designed to detect and destroy barriers and cans.
During the Great Patriotic War, this class was subdivided into high-speed or squadron, basic and raid.
Squadron minesweepers the largest ships of this type. To date, these are already historical ships. They had a large displacement, good seaworthiness and relatively high speed, they escorted formations of ships and guided them through minefields. Among the first minesweepers special construction were warships of the "Explosion" type.
squadron (sea) minesweeper
Basic minesweepers have a smaller displacement, low speed and somewhat worse seaworthiness. Their main task is mine defense of bases, control of fairways, escort of individual ships and ships, etc.
basic minesweeper
raid minesweepers small maneuverable ships that ensure the safe movement of floating facilities, vessels and ships in roads and harbors. The smallest among them were minesweepers converted from crew and training boats of the KM, R and Ya types.
raid minesweeper
One of the first guard ships in the Great Patriotic war became a high-speed minesweeper T-205 " Gaff". Many officers, foremen and sailors from minesweepers were awarded high government awards for their courage and courage shown during minesweeping, and those who especially distinguished themselves were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Among them were the commander of the minesweeper division F.E. Pakholchuk, the commander of the base minesweeper division G.Ya. Ovodovsky, the commanders of minesweepers G.M. Davidenko, I Ya Larin and others.
They are the main component of the mine-sweeping forces of the Navy of the armed forces of individual states of the world.
Story
The appearance of minesweepers-searchers of mines was caused by the improvement of mine fuses, which reduced the reliability of etching. Therefore, a logical development of combat trawling was proposed: not to use trawls, but to search for and destroy mines with explosive charges. The main weapons here are search vehicles or swimmers-miners. The conditions for their use become more important, although the requirements for reducing the physical fields of the mine detector remain.
By 2000, the world's fleets had 60 minesweepers, 181 minesweepers, one squadron of minesweepers (22÷24 vehicles).
Aviation equipment can also be used as minesweepers. So during the Second World War, a number of bomber aircraft of the British Air Force were converted for these purposes. At the same time, a number of German Air Force (Luftwaffe) Junkers Yu 52 aircraft underwent similar modifications. To combat magnetic mines, they were equipped with large conductive rings and separate engines with generators to create a powerful magnetic field. The disadvantages of such systems, in addition to complicated piloting, was that with overly sensitive mine fuses, they could detonate right under the plane, which was forced to fly above the very surface of the water. In addition, mines could only be destroyed in this way at a very shallow depth. Currently, US Navy MH-53E helicopters are actively used as minesweepers.
Division
- contact - which are usually strong chains with a number of knives mounted on them and a diverter-dipper at the end; with their help, minreps of mines are cut, pop-up mines are shot;
- acoustic - designed to detonate mines with acoustic fuses, imitate the acoustic picture of the passage of a large ship;
- electromagnetic (solenoid) - similarly to acoustic, they imitate the electromagnetic radiation of the target.
In accordance with this, requirements for acoustic, electromagnetic stealth are imposed on the minesweeper. To meet them, the following measures are taken:
- Constructive. The hull of the minesweeper is made of non-magnetic materials (wood, plastic), dimensions and draft are limited, degaussing devices are installed, damping and soundproofing of mechanisms are used, non-cavitating propellers.
- Preventive. Periodically, or before trawling, the physical fields of the ship (primarily acoustic and magnetic) are measured, and their reduction is carried out.
- Tactical. The ship is used in modes that minimize induced fields: low speeds to reduce noise and dynamic pressure, movement along the Earth's magnetic lines, if possible, etc.
see also
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Notes
Literature
- N. G. Kuznetsov, "On the way to victory" - M .: Military Publishing,
- F. B. Mudrak, “On trawl tacks.” - M.: VI, 1980
An excerpt characterizing the minesweeper
In the evening Prince Vasily arrived. He was met on the preshpekt (as the avenue was called) by coachmen and waiters, with a shout they drove his wagons and sledges to the wing along a road deliberately covered with snow.Prince Vasily and Anatole were given separate rooms.
Anatole was sitting, taking off his doublet and propping himself on his hips, in front of the table, on the corner of which, smiling, he fixed his beautiful large eyes intently and absent-mindedly. He looked at his whole life as an uninterrupted entertainment, which someone for some reason undertook to arrange for him. So now he looked at his trip to the evil old man and to the rich ugly heiress. All this could come out, according to his assumption, very well and funny. And why not marry, if she is very rich? It never interferes, thought Anatole.
He shaved, perfumed himself with the thoroughness and panache that had become his habit, and with a good-natured victorious expression innate in him, carrying his beautiful head high, he entered the room to his father. Near Prince Vasily, his two valets bustled about, dressing him; he himself looked around him animatedly and nodded merrily to his son as he entered, as if he were saying: “So, that’s how I need you!”
- No, no jokes, father, is she very ugly? BUT? he asked, as if continuing a conversation that had been carried on more than once during the journey.
- Full. Nonsense! The main thing is to try to be respectful and prudent with the old prince.
“If he scolds, I will leave,” said Anatole. I can't stand these old people. BUT?
“Remember that everything depends on you.
At that time, the arrival of the minister with his son was not only known in the maid's room, but appearance both of them have already been described in detail. Princess Marya sat alone in her room and tried in vain to overcome her inner agitation.
“Why did they write, why did Lisa tell me about it? After all, this cannot be! she said to herself, looking in the mirror. - How do I get into the living room? Even if I liked him, I could not be myself with him now. Just the thought of her father's gaze horrified her.
The little princess and m lle Bourienne have already received all the necessary information from the maid Masha about what a ruddy, black-browed handsome minister's son was, and about how papa dragged their feet by force to the stairs, and he, like an eagle, walking up three steps, ran after him. Having received this information, the little princess with m lle Bourienne, still audible from the corridor with their animated voices, entered the princess's room.
- Ils sont arrives, Marieie, [They have arrived, Marie,] you know? - said the little princess, waddling her stomach and sinking heavily into an armchair.
She was no longer in the blouse in which she sat in the morning, and she was wearing one of her best dresses; her head was carefully removed, and on her face there was a revival, which, however, did not hide the drooping and dead outlines of her face. In the attire in which she usually went in society in St. Petersburg, it was even more noticeable how much she had grown ugly. On m lle Bourienne, too, there was already imperceptibly some improvement in the outfit, which made her pretty, fresh face even more attractive.
- Eh bien, et vous restez comme vous etes, chere princesse? she spoke. – On va venir annoncer, que ces messieurs sont au salon; il faudra descendre, et vous ne faites pas un petit brin de toilette! [Well, are you staying, what were you wearing, princess? Now they will come to say that they left. You will have to go downstairs, and at least you dressed up a little bit!]
The little princess got up from her chair, called the maid, and hurriedly and cheerfully began to invent an outfit for Princess Marya and put it into execution. Princess Marya felt insulted in her self-esteem by the fact that the arrival of the groom promised to her excited her, and she was even more offended by the fact that both of her friends did not even imagine that it could be otherwise. To tell them how ashamed she was for herself and for them meant betraying her excitement; moreover, to refuse the dress that was offered to her would lead to lengthy jokes and insistence. She flushed, her beautiful eyes went out, her face became covered with spots, and with that ugly expression of the victim, which most often stops on her face, she surrendered to the power of m lle Bourienne and Lisa. Both women cared quite sincerely about making her beautiful. She was so bad that the thought of rivalry with her could not come to any of them; therefore, quite sincerely, with that naive and firm conviction of women that an outfit can make a face beautiful, they set about dressing her.
TTD:
Displacement: 873 tons
Dimensions: length - 61 m, width - 10.2 m, draft - 3.6 m.
Maximum travel speed: 16 knots.
Cruising range: 1500 miles at 12 knots.
Power point: 2 diesel engines M-503B, 5000 hp, 2 propellers in nozzles.
Armament: 2x2 30mm AK-230 gun mounts, trawls.
Crew: 68 people.
Ship history:
Sea minesweeper project 266.6
Project 266 ships (code "Aquamarine") became the first domestic sea minesweepers with minimal own physical fields. The lead minesweeper in the series became part of the Soviet Navy in 1963. To protect against non-contact mines with magnetic fuses on project 266 minesweepers, low-magnetic steels were used when forming the hull and foundations. Mechanisms, weapons, devices and equipment were made in a low-magnetic design. A demagnetizing device and a device were installed to compensate for the field from eddy currents in the hull during rolling. To protect against non-contact mines with acoustic fuses, it was planned to glue the foundations of the main engines, diesel generators and electric compressors with a damping rubber coating, install sound-emitting mechanisms on insulating shock absorbers; installation of flexible connectors in pipelines; the use of low-noise large-diameter controllable-pitch propellers, as well as the installation of low-noise mechanisms and equipment.
Anti-mine weapons (electromagnetic, broadband, acoustic and contact trawls, large cord charges) made it possible to mine mines at sea depths from 25 to 150 m. Artillery weapons included two 30-mm AK-230M assault rifles with Rys control radar. As a means of detecting mines, a special GAS "Lan" was installed. To solve the problems of PLO, as well as the destruction of mines, it is planned to place two RBU-1200, which were installed only on some ships.
In total, 40 ships of this type were built from 1963 to 1971. The lead ship was included in the Navy in 1963. The disadvantages of this project include the lack of means for searching and detecting bottom mines.
The elimination of the noted shortcomings of the project 266 was carried out in the course of its modernization according to the project 266M (code "Aquamarine"). It was envisaged: replacement of an electromagnetic trawl of a conventional type with a deep-water one, with new control equipment; adoption of a trawl to destroy active mines; installation of a three-channel broadband towed television mine detector-destroyer, as well as an integrated mine detector-destroyer, placement of the Mezen sonar to detect bottom mines. To reduce the acoustic field of the ship, it was planned to install the main engines on vibration-damping longitudinal beams, and propellers with low-noise blades - in noise-reducing nozzles.
These and other measures listed above led to an increase in length and total displacement. In the process of construction and repairs at the MTShch of projects 266 and 266M, MANPADS "Strela-3" were placed. The lead ship of project 266M "Semyon Roshal" was commissioned to the Navy in 1970. In total, until 1978, 32 ships were built according to this project. Project 266.6 is a variant of the main project 266 with the installation of another sonar system (MG-89 "Serna") on it to search for mines, as well as with a different (slightly reduced) armament.
The sea minesweeper Strelok was laid down on March 25, 1977 at the Sredne-Nevsky shipbuilding plant in Leningrad, launched on April 19, 1980. It was enlisted in the Navy on July 19, 1980. Sea and state tests took place from July 15 to September 5, 1980 in the Gulf of Finland.
11/25-12/10/1980 made an inter-naval transition from the Baltic to Sevastopol. from 07.07 to 06.10.1981, the minesweeper passed the 2nd (ship) stage of state tests for the acceptance of KBTI-1 equipment (ship-borne remote-controlled searcher of the Delfin-TM type).
01.12-30.12.1981 - military service in the Black Sea near the Bosporus. 01/01/1982 - development of combat training tasks in the Black Sea with subsequent participation in the "Shield-82" exercises. March 12 - October 30, 1984 - combat service for the protection of fisheries in the Central and Eastern parts of the Atlantic. 09/07/1985 - 03/10/1986 - combat service for the protection of fisheries in the Central-Eastern part of the Atlantic.
03.1987 - participation in the testing of new types of weapons in the eastern part of the Black Sea near Pitsunda (PBP "Kasatka"). 06/01/1987 - visit to Artek to participate in the all-union action "Children's Day". 10.1988 - participation in the exercises of the KChF "Autumn-88". 01/01/1989 - working out the tasks of combat training in the Black Sea (search for sunken weapons near Cape Sarych).
On February 20, 1994, an agreement on patronage and mutual assistance was signed between the administration of the Seversky district of the Krasnodar Territory and the crew of the ship. 07/07/1997 the ship made an official visit to Poti in honor of the anniversary of the Georgian Navy. Further, the ship was laid up in Sevastopol, and in 2002 it was decommissioned, disarmed and dismantled for metal in Sevastopol.
The ship consisted of:
12.1980 - 09.1986 - as part of the 418th division of sea minesweepers of the 92nd Minesweeper Brigade of the Main Naval Base;
09.1986 - 11.1995 - POK (search and survey ship) as part of the 3rd brigade of search and rescue ships for the rear of the KChF Crimean naval base (p. Novoozernoye);
01.1996 - 12.1996 - as part of the 418th division of minesweepers of the 68th brigade of the protection of the water area;
Since 12.1996 - as a sea minesweeper as part of the 170th division of minesweepers of the 184th BrKOVR NVMB.
Ship commanders:
from 11/30/1978 - captain 3rd rank Mikhailovsky Mikhail Stepanovich
from 01/07/1983 - captain-lieutenant Nikolaev Gennady Dmitrievich;
from 11/13/1989 - captain 3rd rank Fadeev Igor Borisovich;
from 09/28/1995 - old lieutenant Mishanov Sergey Aleksandrovich;
from 10.2001 - captain-lieutenant Antonenko Roman Alekseevich.
Data: V. Kostrichenko
