Shackleton Ernst Henry - Antarctic explorer. In 1901-1903 he participated in the expedition of R. Scott, in 1907-1909 he led an expedition to the South Pole (reached 88 degrees 32 minutes S, discovered a mountain range on Victoria Land, the Polar Plateau and the Beardmore Glacier). In 1914-1917 he led an expedition to the shores of Antarctica.
Shackleton, scion of an old Irish family, was born at Kilkee House to a doctor's family. His youth was spent at sea. Upon learning of his son's desire to become a sailor, Shackleton Sr. did not oppose. When Ernst graduated from high school, his father used his acquaintances to get his son a cabin boy on the 1,600-ton clipper ship Hogton Tower, which was setting off on a long voyage. AT last days On April 1890, the Hogton Tower left the shores of England and headed across the Atlantic around the southern tip of America's Cape Horn to the Chilean port of Valparaiso.
Sailing on the Hogton Tower was a harsh but excellent school for Shackleton. He served on a clipper ship for four years, made two long voyages to Chile and one circumnavigation.
Upon his return from circumnavigation, Shackleton was able to easily pass the junior navigator's exam and get a third mate position on the Welsh Regular Line's Monmouthshire, which sailed to Japan, China and America.
In 1901, Second Lieutenant of the Royal Navy, Shackleton, was already on duty on the bridge of the British Antarctic Expedition, the British Antarctic Expedition, organized to explore the polar countries. Captain R. Scott led the expedition.
On November 2, 1902, Scott, Wilson and Shackleton set out on three dogsleds to the Pole. For two weeks they were accompanied by an auxiliary party, but on November 15 they returned back, and the pole party continued south. The last day of 1902 found Scott's group at 82° 15" south latitude, eight miles from the Western Mountains, against a valley that cut through the ridge to the west. Scott called it Shackleton's Pass. An ice cliff blocked the path to the mountain range.
Scott's group was forced to return. All three showed signs of scurvy. Shackleton coughed up blood. Shackleton's health condition forced Scott to send him to England. What Shackleton considered a failure brought him fame that the recent navigator of the Carisbrooke Castle could not dream of: he was the first to tell the world about the discoveries of the Scott expedition; he got the first laurels. Shackleton received the rank of lieutenant of the fleet and a new appointment - to lead the preparation of an auxiliary expedition to free the Discovery, which was firmly frozen in the ice. Shackleton did an excellent job: the expedition was equipped and sent on time. Later, she rescued the Discovery from the shackles of ice, and Scott's expedition returned to their homeland.
Shackleton's friend - Beardmore (later Lord Invernairn) - offered Shackleton a decently paid position as secretary of the technical committee in Glasgow. It was something like an experimental design bureau, which was engaged in the creation of new types of economical gas engines.
Calm, measured service in the technical committee did not satisfy Shackleton, so the idea of a new campaign to the South Pole kindled his ambition more and more.
Shackleton made a draft of a new expedition in the newspapers, and then in the Geographical Journal. The challenge has been thrown.
On March 10, 1908, David, Mawson and four other companions of Shackleton climbed the summit of Erebus (3794 meters) for the first time and reached the edge of an active volcano. In the spring (late October) Shackleton began his march to the South Pole. However, being less than 180 kilometers from the pole, on January 9, 1909, the detachment was forced to turn back due to lack of supplies and strong winds. According to Shackleton's calculation, they traveled 2,750 kilometers each way. The geographical results of the campaign turned out to be very significant: several mountain ranges were discovered (including Queen Alexandra) with a total length of more than 900 kilometers, framing the Ross Ice Shelf from the south and west.
On June 14, 1909, England welcomed Shackleton and his comrades as national heroes. However, no matter how significant were the achievements of Shackleton and Scott, the victory of the Norwegians, who were the first to reach South Pole, struck at the national pride of the British. To return the "offended" English flag to its former glory, a feat was required that would surprise the world and allow England to stake out new areas of the ice continent in the name of the king. Shackleton took over.
He intercepted the idea of Bruce and Filchner and came up with a project for a transantarctic expedition. Huge popularity, the support of the ruling and financial circles of England helped Shackleton relatively easily obtain the necessary funds, and at the end of 1913 he began to equip a new expedition.
The expedition was divided into two independent detachments. Shackleton's main detachment set off on the Endurance sailing-steam ship "in the Weddell Sea. The ship was supposed to land Shackleton's land party with dog teams and food supplies on the Prince Luitpold Coast. From here the party was to make the transition across the mainland: to the pole - in absolutely virgin places , further north, on a familiar path - along the King Edward VII Plateau, the Beardmore Glacier, the Ross Ice Sheet to the McMurdo Sound. By that time, the auxiliary detachment that set off for the Ross Sea on the Aurora ship was to establish a base on the Cape Hut or Cape Evans and place food depots from the base to the Beardmore Glacier.
But luck turned against Shackleton. At first, the departure of the Endurance from England was almost disrupted by the outbreak of the First World War. Then, on the way south, it turned out that the ship was not as strong as it seemed at the time of purchase, and part of the crew recruited in connection with the war from white-ticketers turned out to be of little use for polar navigation. But the main tests were waiting for Shackleton ahead.
In October 1915, the Endurance was crushed by ice and sank. People landed on the ice, set up camp. The ice floe continued to drift north. As long as there was enough food salvaged from the crushed ship, as long as it was possible to hunt seals, life on the ice floe was quite tolerable. With the approach of winter, the situation of the expedition worsened.
Only on April 15 did they reach the island of Mordvinov (Elephant). But was it a salvation? There was no hope for outside help, they had to rely only on themselves. Shackleton faced a dilemma: either send a boat with experienced people to South Georgia, where the whalers' settlement was located, so that they would send a rescue expedition to the island, or everyone should stay here, trusting in the will of God. Shackleton chose the first, most difficult option, and undertook to carry it out himself.
His brilliant project for a transantarctic voyage clearly failed. Only at the beginning of 1917, Shackleton managed to track down and pick up the last seven members of the auxiliary detachment of the expedition at Cape Evans.
Despite all the failures that befell Shackleton, his expedition as a whole did a lot of good for science, replenishing knowledge about the meteorological and ice conditions, the depths of the Weddell and Ross seas.
Shackleton turned his eyes to the American North and began negotiations with the Canadian government about organizing an expedition that would explore the Beaufort Sea.
His proposal to send an oceanographic expedition to survey the coast of Antarctica in the African square - from Coates Land to Enderby Land, found support from the Lords of the Admiralty. And on September 24, 1921, the expeditionary schooner "Quest" had already sailed from Plymouth to the south. His old friends Wild, Worsley, McLean and McIlroy, the meteorologist Hussey, went on a long journey with Shackleton.
On January 4, 1922, Quest anchored in Grytviken Bay near the familiar whaling village. Shackleton went ashore to see his old friends who had taken such a lively part in saving the Endurance expedition. In the evening he returned to the ship, animated, satisfied that all preparations were over and that in the morning it was possible to go south. Before going to bed, Shackleton, as usual, sat down to write his diary. “At dusk, I saw a lonely star rising above the bay, sparkling like a precious stone,” he wrote down the last phrase and went to bed ... And at 3:30 on January 5, he died of an attack of angina pectoris.
With the consent of the widow of the deceased, Shackleton's body was buried at Grytviken, at the tip of a promontory projecting into the sea. And when the "Quest" on the way back from Antarctica again went to South Georgia, Shackleton's friends erected a monument on his grave - a cross crowning the top of a hill made of granite fragments.
“Great day for our start; bright sunlight and a cloudless sky, a slight wind from the north - in general, everything that could make a favorable start. We had breakfast at 7 am, and at 8:30 am the sleigh pulled by the car to the glacial tongue was transported to the penguin colony over uneven ice. At 9:30 the auxiliary detachment started and soon disappeared from sight ... ”(E. G. Shackleton. In the Heart of Antarctica. Chapter 19).
From the time of the discovery of Antarctica to the moment when a human foot first set foot on the southern mainland, three quarters of a century passed - it's scary to think! The first to land on the icy continent was the Norwegian Carsten Borchgrevink, a former biology teacher. It happened in 1895 near Cape Adare. Four years later, he began the first wintering in Antarctica, which ended in 1900. He also undertook the first trip into the interior of the continent, reaching a latitude of 78 ° 50 'on a dog sled.
The next was the Englishman Robert Falcon Scott, a naval officer with the rank of commander. In 1900, he was appointed leader of the first National Antarctic Expedition aboard the Discovery ship, and in early 1902 the British reached Cape Adare. The expedition managed to make many discoveries. So, they discovered that the volcanoes Erebus and Terror are not located on the mainland itself, but on a nearby island named after James Ross, discovered the Edward VII Peninsula, explored Victoria Land.
On November 2, 1902, Robert Scott, Dr. Edward Wilson, and Second Lieutenant Ernest Shackleton set off for the Pole in three dogsleds. They followed the western edge of the Ross Ice Shelf along the mountain range and reached 82° 17'S on 31 December. sh. Here the way was blocked by an ice cliff; had to return. All three travelers were already suffering from snow blindness and scurvy, and Shackleton was coughing up blood. In early February, they were met by an auxiliary party that came out to meet them. Scott sent Shackleton, who continued to be ill, to England on the ship Morning, which arrived with mail, as well as a supply of food and fuel for the second winter. She was forced: "Discovery" is tightly frozen into the ice.
Upon arrival in England, Shackleton told about the discoveries of the expedition. His messages in scientific societies, speeches in clubs, articles in newspapers made him and the entire expedition extremely popular. Soon Shackleton was promoted to lieutenant and ordered to lead the preparations for the rescue operation. Two ships were sent to liberate Discovery: the Morning, which had already been off the coast of Antarctica, and the new one, Terra Nova. Shackleton coped with the task: Discovery was rescued from ice captivity, and Scott and his comrades returned to their homeland.
Simultaneously with the British in 1902, the Germans (Erich Drygalsky) and the Swedes (Otto Nordenskiold) began to conquer Antarctica. The first discovered the Western ice shelf, and the expedition leader, based on the research results, developed the theory of moving ice. The Swedish expedition, led by the nephew of the famous Adolf Nordenskiöld, was less fortunate: their ship was lost, but the Argentines discovered and saved the people. After that, various parts of the mainland were explored by the Scots (William Bruce, 1903-1904) and the French (Jean Charcot, 1903-1905).
In 1907, Shackleton, who decided to conquer the South Pole, organized his own expedition to Antarctica. Ernest Henry Shackleton early connected his life with the sea, managed to go on several long voyages and one around the world, going through a difficult path from a cabin boy to a lieutenant. After the expedition on the Discovery, relations between Scott and Shackleton were spoiled, although outwardly everything looked quite decent. Evil tongues claimed that Scott could not forgive Shackleton for his popularity - not among the general public, but in his officer circle. From now on, they became not comrades-in-arms, but rivals.
Shackleton had a friend named Beardmore, a man far from poor. Thanks to his help, the traveler managed to get funds for the expedition. To sail to the icy continent, he purchased a small whaling ship with the formidable name "Nimrod", and for a trip to the pole he chose dogs, Manchurian ponies and ... a car. Shackleton did not particularly count on dogs, mindful of how all 22 dogs taken on a campaign by Scott died quickly, and decided to try hardy horses. Shackleton had particular hopes for the car. He believed that the car would be able to travel more than 200 km per day, which would significantly reduce the time to reach the pole. The Nimrod set off for the coast of Antarctica on January 1, 1908 from New Zealand. There were 16 people on board. Three weeks later, the ship approached the Ross barrier.
The first thing Shackleton decided to conquer was Erebus, perhaps to make his people feel confident in their abilities. Physicist Douglas Mawson, geologist David Edgeworth, meteorologist Jameson Adams and doctor Alistair Mackay reached the top, or rather, the crater of an active volcano. They measured the height of Erebus, roughly determined the depth and circumference of the crater, made its geological section, collected samples of huge crystals of sulfur and other minerals.
Getting ready to achieve your main goal, Shackleton led a sledge party up the slope of the ice sheet, wanting to arrange an intermediate - on the way to the pole - a food depot. The campaign in severe frost and stormy wind took three weeks. Several people, led by Shackleton, harnessed themselves to the sleigh and walked towards the pole for about 200 km. The location of the warehouse was marked with a black flag. And on September 25, another detachment - Mawson, David and McKay - went on a campaign to reach the South Magnetic Pole. The sleigh was initially dragging the car, but after a few kilometers it stopped. The experience of the Shackleton expedition showed that an ordinary car is not suitable for conquering Antarctica. The treads tested on European roads did not “stick” at all to ice or snow, the engine was not ready to work in extremely cold conditions. The members of the detachment had to go on foot - they did not take any dogs or ponies with them. It was a tough hike. Travelers crossed glaciers (Nordenskjold, Drygalsky), bypassed cracks hidden under snow bridges. Once Mawson still fell into the abyss, but caught on a harness rope.
Finally, on January 16, 1909, the detachment reached the magnetic pole (a point with zero magnetic declination). Its coordinates then were: 72° 25' S. latitude, 155° 16’ E (unlike the geographic one, the magnetic pole does not stay in one place, but drifts - for example, in 2009 it was located at the point with coordinates 64° 28 'S, 137° 30' E). Mawson, David and McKay went down from the ice plateau to the shore, as agreed, but the Nimrod passed their camp: the flags could not be seen from the ship.
And yet the ship returned and took the three heroes. While they were running towards the Nimrod, Mawson again managed to fall into the crack, but was again saved. In 109 days, David and his companions traveled more than 2,000 km, completed a continuous survey of the territory between Erebus and Mount Melbourne, and most importantly, found the South Magnetic Pole.
While all this was going on, Shackleton, in the company of Jameson Adams, Eric Marshall and Frank Wild, from October 29, 1908, stubbornly moved towards the South Geographic Pole. Wild called this trip "the great southern journey". The detachment rode out on a sleigh pulled by ponies. Not a single animal survived the hardships of the journey: all died shortly after the start, while crossing the Ross Ice Shelf. When it turned out that on the way to the pole it was necessary to climb a high plateau, about 3000 m, people had to harness themselves to the sleigh. Their strength was dwindling, as were their food supplies, the speed of advancement was falling every day, largely due to the oncoming storm wind. On January 9, 1909, at latitude 88° 23', Shackleton decided to turn back. Only 180 km remained to the pole. Exhausted to the limit, but alive travelers returned to the coastal base. There they found a note from which they learned that the ship had left - just two days ago. And again, the Nimrod returned and took away the four explorers. According to calculations, they traveled more than 2,700 km both ways. The campaign was marked by major discoveries: the huge Beardmore Valley Glacier and several mountain ranges (including Queen Alexander) framing the Ross Glacier were mapped.
In mid-June 1909, Shackleton's expedition returned to England. Crowds of thousands of Londoners greeted the polar explorers as national heroes. For several months, endless receptions followed each other, meetings in scientific societies, speeches in clubs and universities. Shackleton was elected an honorary member of several dozen geographical and other scientific societies, he was awarded numerous gold medals. The governments of many countries have honored him with orders. At the invitation of the Russian Geographical Society, Shackleton arrived in St. Petersburg, where he was met by the most famous scientists of Russia: Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, Shokalsky, and others. He was received by Nicholas II, talked with him for about two hours and received the Order of St. Anna.
However, let's not forget that Shackleton never achieved his main goal - the South Geographic Pole. When the Nimrod returned to England, Robert Falcon Scott was just finishing preparations for a new expedition to Antarctica. Like Shackleton, he dreamed of being the first to reach the South Pole. He was confident of success and confident in himself. In general, hardly anyone doubted the British championship. It is more than likely that this would have happened, if not for one circumstance. More precisely, even two. In the same 1909, the American Robert Peary - not for the first time - stormed the North Pole and this time announced the successful completion of his enterprise. Upon learning of this, the Norwegian Roald Amundsen abandoned the project to reach the North Pole and sent the famous Fram south to Antarctica.
NUMBERS AND FACTS
Main character
Ernest Henry Shackleton, English polar explorer
Other actors
R. Scott, polar explorer; E. Wilson, polar explorer, doctor; members of the Shackleton expedition D. Mawson, E. David, D. Adams, A. McKay, E. Marshall, F. Wilde
Time of action
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton(Eng. Ernest Henry Shackleton, February 15, 1874, Kilkee House, Kildare, Ireland - January 5, 1922, Grytviken, South Georgia) - Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica, figure of the heroic age of Antarctic exploration. Member of four Antarctic expeditions, three of which he commanded.
The first experience of polar research was gained on the Discovery expedition, a participant in the first trip to the South Pole (latitude 82 ° 11’ was reached), after which he was evacuated for health reasons. In 1907, Shackleton led his own Nimrod expedition, during which he reached 88 ° 23 "S, 97 geographical miles (180 km) short of the South Pole. For his achievements, he was knighted by King Edward VII.
After reaching the South Pole by Amundsen (December 14, 1911) and Scott (January 17, 1912), Shackleton stated that the crossing of the entire Antarctic continent remained "the only major goal of Antarctic travel." In 1914 he organized the Imperial Transantarctic Expedition. The trip ended in disaster: not reaching the coast of Antarctica, the expedition ship "Endurance" was caught in the ice in the Weddell Sea and sank. Shackleton managed to save the entire team, while not a single person died, but his heroism and professional qualities were not appreciated in Britain against the backdrop of the First World War. In 1921, he led the Shackleton-Rowett expedition, but before the start of her work in Antarctica, he died of a heart attack at the age of 47 and was buried on the island of South Georgia.
Shackleton was a versatile personality, tried to run for the British Parliament, organized commercial enterprises but none of them were successful. After his death, he was forgotten for some time, but in the middle of the twentieth century there was a surge of interest in Shackleton's legacy, first in the US and then in the UK. In 2002, during a national poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, Shackleton was ranked 11th, while Robert Scott was only 54th.
A family. Childhood and youth
Ernest Henry Shackleton was born in the barony of Kilkee House, about 48 km from Dublin, where his father was a landowner. Ernest was the second of ten children and the first son in the family. Father - Henry Shackleton (1847-1920), of Anglo-Irish origin (a descendant of Quakers from Yorkshire), mother - Henrietta Leticia Sophia Gavan (1845-1929), came from County Kerry, her family is of Norman origin, they settled in Ireland from XIII century. Since 1600, the Shackletons have had their own coat of arms and the motto "We conquer by endurance" (Latin Fortitudine vincimus, English By endurance we conquer). One of Shackleton's distant ancestors was the famous navigator Martin Frobisher. The younger brother of E. Shackleton - Frank (1876-1941) - was arrested in 1907 on charges of stealing the Crown insignia of the Order of St. Patrick, but acquitted.
In 1880, Henry Shackleton decided to change his life; leaving the ruined estate (in Ireland then there was a general decline Agriculture), he moved the family to Dublin, where he studied medicine at Trinity College. In 1884, the Shackletons left Ireland and moved to the suburbs of London, where the head of the family hoped to find a rich practice (in total, G. Shackleton worked as a doctor for over 30 years). Journalist and historian Roland Huntford has suggested that the Shackletons' Anglo-Irish origins may have played a role in the move, as Irish nationalists assassinated Lord Cavendish, the Irish Secretary of State, in 1882, aggravating national tensions.
Ernest Shackleton developed an early passion for reading, which stimulated an interest in adventure. Until the age of 11, he received home education and education, and then was sent to a preparatory school in West Hill, Dulwich, southeast of London. At the age of 13, he entered Dulwich College, and he never shone with academic success. He had a calm disposition, but willingly got into fights if classmates tried to say something about his origin or made fun of his Irish accent. Later, he recalled that it was boring for him to study, and claimed that he had learned almost nothing from the school geography course, and the study of literature was reduced to reading and analyzing passages from national poets and prose writers. However, Shackleton graduated fifth in a class of 31.
Every second or third person faces the problem of dismissal. The reasons may be different, but there are several rules of moral and ethical content that must be observed. From a legislative point of view, there are also nuances, after studying which a number of negative consequences can be avoided. How to quit your job properly so as not to harm your own career and stay in good standing with your former employer?
Tough decision
Most people try to create a favorable microclimate for themselves and those around them in the workplace, the quality of the work of the entire team depends on this. Friendly relations are established with colleagues and adequate with management. But there comes a moment when a responsible and difficult decision is made to leave the familiar environment. One or more reasons may contribute to this:
- Obtaining a more financially advantageous offer.
- career and professional growth at another place of work.
- Changing of the living place.
- Conflict with the leader.
- Illness or caring for a disabled family member.
- Inability to maintain a working relationship with one or more colleagues, etc.
Everyone has a good reason and a number of problems that force a person to change jobs. But you also need to leave correctly, extra emotions, especially negative ones, will not help to avoid negative consequences. First of all, it is necessary to calm down and remember the legal side of the issue, the rights and obligations of the employee, which are regulated by the Labor Code. The dismissal of an employee must meet all his requirements. Let's talk about everything in order.
Voluntary dismissal
A difficult decision has been made, we are preparing to complete the procedure correctly and competently. Article 80 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is devoted specifically to the procedure for terminating a previously concluded employment contract with the employer organization at the initiative of the employee. The main provisions of this law are as follows.
- Each of the employees has the right to terminate the contract with the employer on their own initiative, warning the management of the enterprise in writing.
- The letter of resignation is submitted for review to the head of the department two weeks before the termination of the contract. Within 14 days, the employee is obliged to perform his duties in the usual manner (according to job description) and go to work every day.
- By agreement between the employee and the head of the enterprise, the notice period for dismissal can be reduced, that is, you can work for more than 14 days, the number depends on the agreement.
- The dismissal of an employee on the day of filing an application can be made if it is impossible to continue working (illness, admission to educational institution, violation by the employer of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation or another regulatory act, retirement age, disability, urgent relocation and other circumstances specified in the application).
- After the submission of the application, the employment contract concluded earlier must be terminated on the 14th day. During this time, the employee has the right to pick it up, in which case the agreement continues to operate. But if an appropriate order is issued, and another employee is invited to this position, then there are no grounds for refusing to hire a new employee.
- After the expiration of the statutory notice period (2 weeks), the employee has the right not to attend workplace even if the employer has not terminated the contract.
- On the last working day, the enterprise is obliged to pay the employee the calculation and all due compensation, display the dismissal in the work book, which is issued on the same day.
- If the period allotted by law for a notice of dismissal has expired, and the employee continues to go to work, and the employer has not issued an appropriate order, then the application may be considered canceled.
Procedure
The Labor Code boils down dismissal to three main points.
- Filing a letter of resignation.
- Working off the notice period (at least 14 days from the date of application).
- Receipt of the calculation and work book by the employee (negotiated with the management, but no later than the last working day).
AT real conditions various scenarios are possible, which are based on the disagreement of the parties with any item. Employers often try to delay the working time if the employee is of value to the company: they do not sign the application or say that they did not read it in a timely manner. Sometimes there are unpleasant situations with a delay in the calculation and receipt of the necessary documents. On the part of the employee, the most common violation is non-compliance job duties and absence (without a good reason) from the workplace after filing an application, which is regarded by the employer as absenteeism. From point of view Labor Code, this may entail dismissal under another article or sanctions (including fines) prescribed in the internal documents of the enterprise. In any case, all disagreements can be resolved through negotiations, which is what lawyers advise. If this is not possible, then each party may apply to the judicial authorities. To avoid conflict situations, the employee and the employer must clearly follow the norms of the law and not allow the opposite side to violate it. First of all, write a letter of resignation correctly. Judicial practice shows that a large number of mistakes are made by the employee himself.
Statement
Legislative acts do not have a clearly defined form resignation notices, Therefore, disputes often arise. Enterprises independently create unified forms that are used as a form. In most cases this species The document is written by hand and has standard content. What is the right way to quit your job? Write a competent application, and many lawyers advise doing this in duplicate and registering as an incoming document or signing a familiar official with the date. The second copy remains with the employee and can be used in the event of conflict situation. For example, in case of loss of a document or its untimely provision by the head of the department to the director of the enterprise. Standard form statements looks like this:
Director of Neva LLC
Sidorov I.I.
From the accountant Selezneva A. Yu.
Statement
I ask you to dismiss me from my position own will 07/14/2011
Selezneva A. Yu. (signature) 07/01/2011
This form is simple and informative, it indicates the expiration date of the warning period and clearly states the date of submission of the document. An employee can write a letter of resignation in advance (six months, three months), this is not prohibited by law, although this situation rarely occurs in practice. Judicial practice shows that most controversial situations can be avoided if the employee and the employer clearly and in writing agree on their wishes.
Terms of dismissal
From the moment of registration of the application, the legislation establishes a period (two weeks) of 14 days, after which the employee must receive a calculation upon dismissal and a work book form with a corresponding entry. For many reasons former employee seeks to reduce this time. The task is solved easily in case of mutual consent of the parties (employee and employer). You can quit your job without working off by filling out an application in the appropriate way or by signing a separate agreement. The letter of resignation indicates the date the employee wants to terminate the contract. If the head signs it, the order is issued within the specified time. For the employee, the main task is to correctly justify the need for urgent dismissal and the presence of a person who can begin to perform his duties in a short time. The objective reasons may be illness, urgent family circumstances, etc. If the head of the enterprise does not agree with the arguments of the employee, then he will have to work out the time prescribed by Article 80 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in full. Therefore, the question of how to quickly quit a job is relevant for many employees, especially for those who are afraid of missing out on a more promising job that seems very attractive to them.
Calculations upon dismissal
After terminating the contract and signing the corresponding order, the employee must receive all the required types of calculation, and compensation is also paid. Upon dismissal, the accounting department makes an accrual wages according to the actual hours worked for the current month, regardless of the end date of work. As a rule, there are no problems with this type of payment, the calculation is made in the standard mode. Most often, questions regarding accrual arise when issuing compensation for unused vacation. Upon dismissal, the calculation of this amount may cause controversy. Vacation pay is accrued to employees in accordance with Article 121 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation annually, while many employees do not actually go on vacation at their own request or at the initiative of their immediate supervisor. Information about this payment is collected for the entire period of work, that is, for each year, regardless of the fact that the vacation was used. Compensation upon dismissal is regulated by article 127 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. If an employee has the right to additional (extraordinary) leave due to the type of activity, then his payment is regulated by internal normative documents enterprises and management decisions. For advance payments of vacation pay, this amount is deducted from the calculation. Other types of severance pay and compensation payments depend on the type of activity of the enterprise and the profession of the employee.
Withdrawal of the application
Sometimes the employer, when negotiating with an employee about dismissal, in view of the value of a specialist, tries to interest him in more favorable working conditions and leave him at the enterprise. It could be salary increase, career or more responsible area of work. At the same time, the remaining 14 days of working out remain for the employee to carefully consider the proposal of the management. The result is not always predictable, but most people, when thinking about the prospects for promotion and the fact that they can stay in their own team, most often withdraw the previously written statement. This is usually done in two ways: either after a period of 14 days labor contract remains in force by agreement of the parties, or written official document to invalidate the resignation letter. unified form the document does not exist, so it can be written in any form. It is invested in the personal file of the employee, and the application for dismissal of one's own free will loses its legal force.
Leaving the right way
Regardless of the reason for leaving, the employee must behave very correctly and with dignity, leave the best impression of himself both as a person and as a specialist. To do this, you must follow a few basic rules. You can’t go “nowhere”, you first need to choose a job, go for an interview. If the future place is objectively more promising, then you can prepare the team for your departure. Some employers are sympathetic to the fact that an employee is looking for a new place, because they cannot provide prospects for further growth and development. Although most managers and colleagues treat the one who submits the letter of resignation as a traitor.
Diplomacy
It is possible that bright prospects for work in new position in the long-awaited place they will remain dreams, so you should communicate very correctly with the management. No one is immune from mistakes, what if you have to return? When talking with the director, it is necessary to use a maximum of arguments and a minimum of emotions. The reason for leaving should be formulated in such a way as not to affect the person's pride. It is best to start a conversation with gratitude for the invaluable experience of working under his leadership. If you correctly formulate your request, then you may be able to quit your job without working off. But at the same time, it is necessary to provide justification for the completeness of all your current affairs. If the diplomatic approach has given a positive result, then you can ask for recommendations for a new job. And then you can even sit down to write the book "How to quit your job." The main rule: do not slam the door and shout about what a bad enterprise it is, even if the dismissal of an employee occurs at the initiative of the head, you must at least “save face”.
team
How to quit your job properly so as not to cut off friendships and be able to return? The recipe is simple - be open and friendly. Worker the team is a big family - if you explain correctly, you will be understood and supported. A prerequisite for dismissal is the delivery of all current projects, the completion of the work begun. It will be very good if an employee brings a qualified specialist to his place, whose training will not take much time. Then the workflow will not suffer, which will be very pleasant to the management of the enterprise and colleagues at work. After submitting the document on dismissal and if it is signed by the director, it is necessary to notify all counterparties with whom working and personal contacts have been established. This will help not to lose useful contacts and establish them if necessary, and it will also facilitate the work of a person who will work with them in the future.
The final stage
After receiving the entire amount of the calculation and the due compensation, do not forget to say goodbye to your colleagues warmly, a small tea party will leave pleasant memories. But in the festive bustle, you need to collect everything Required documents. Employment history must contain a record of the termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the employee, i.e. Art. 80 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. If you managed to take letter of recommendation management, it will be very useful for both the employee and the image of the employer's company. In the accounting department, you must obtain a certificate in the form of 2-NDFL (income tax) for the last 6 months. It will be needed at the new place of work for the calculation sick leave or holidays. Do not try to take everything that has been developed with you, colleagues will be grateful if you leave the developed pivot tables or indicator charts to them and teach them how to make the same ones on their own.
