Grave of Beatrice Portinari. Dante carried his love for Beatrice through his whole life and sang it in sonnets. Beatrice died at the age of 25. And the color of love and the goodness of regret Your mourning face has shown me more than once. He shone with such mercy, That on earth I find no comparison.
In this great work, Dante set himself the goal: to really help people cope with the fear of death. This task was extremely relevant at that time: the soul of a medieval person was torn by horror before hellish torments. In this great work, Dante set himself the goal: to really help people cope with the fear of death. This task was extremely relevant at that time: the soul of a medieval person was torn by horror before hellish torments.
Gustave Doré Doré (Louis Christophe Paul Gustave Doré) is a famous French illustrator, painter, sculptor and engraver (). For eight years () he worked on illustrations for Dante's Divine Comedy, which are still considered one of the best to this day. Dore's engravings are imbued with drama. The artist, through well-chosen motifs of the surrounding landscape and lighting, especially masterfully gave picturesque engravings.
Illustrations by Blake William English poet, artist, illustrator (). To complete the illustrations for Dante's poem, Blake, at the age of 67, begins to study Italian. Before he died, Blake managed to engrave 7 of the 102 drawings. 69 of them illustrated the songs of "Hell", 20 "Purgatory", 10 "Paradise" and 3 more without specifying the song.
This composition illustrates the 29th song of Purgatory. On the right side, Dante (dressed in red) is depicted looking towards the Garden of Eden. Beatrice, the beloved of the poet, rides through the garden on a magnificent chariot drawn by a griffin, surrounded by the spirits of the four evangelists (to the left of Beatrice we see images that are somewhat similar to the heads of an eagle (John) and a calf (Luke), to the right of an angel (Matthew) and a lion (Mark) The three women standing on the ground represent Faith (in white), Hope (in green) and Mercy (in red).
The painting depicts the second circle of hell, where the souls of great lovers are: Semiramis, Cleopatra, Achilles, Helen, Paris, Tristan. Separately from the others, in a curl of a whirlwind, the souls of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo are placed. Above Dante's head, in a radiant sphere, is the symbol of the immortal kiss. Diagonal composition gives the scene a special expressiveness. The feeling of the infinity of the vortex is created due to the fact that the artist places the beginning and end of the flow outside the image.
- Completed by: teacher MAOU secondary school No. 54 Pershina E.A.
- italian poet,
- great thinker of the past,
- poet, philosopher, citizen,
- creator of the Italian literary language,
- the last poet of the Middle Ages,
- first poet of the renaissance
- Dante Alighieri (1265 -1321)
- Place of birth Florence.
- Creator of The Divine Comedy
- Sandro Botticelli. "Portrait of Dante Alighieri »
- "The Divine Comedy"
- The pinnacle of Dante's work is the poem "Comedy". So modestly called it the author, because in it, unlike the tragedy, a happy ending.
- "Divine" added Italy later for the charm of poetry and the nobility of thoughts.
- Its title does not denote the religious content of the poem, but exclusivity as an expression of poetic perfection.
- “Divine” it was called by admiring descendants as a synonym for beauty.
- "Fallen Angel"
- The plot of the poem
- The poem is conceived in the medieval genre of vision, i.e. journey through the underworld.
- Virgil, a symbol of the earthly mind, is in charge.
- Dante, who embodies sinful humanity, descends into the underground funnel of Hell, divided into 9 circles (world of condemnation) then ascends Mount Purgatory (world of temptation) is cleansed of sins and, accompanied by Beatrice (a symbol of the Divine mind), ascends to Paradise (the world of bliss and the knowledge of absolute truth).
- Composition of the poem
- The plan of the poem - 3 parts:
- "Hell",
- "Purgatory",
- "Paradise"
- 3 parts - 33 songs each + 1 song "Hell" = 100 songs.
- The poem is written in tertsina - three-line stanzas.
- The number 3 is a magic number in Christian symbolism.
- "Foretellers"
- " Fraud "
- "Cerberus". (Dali) It is distinguished by great aggression without the use of accuracy in the image.
- "Cerberus". (Dore) Differs in the use of details in the image.
- Above the entrance to Hell is an inscription that takes away all hope from those who enter. We entered. Here, right behind the entrance, the pitiful souls of those who did not create either good or evil during their lifetime groan. Next is the Acheron River. Through it, the ferocious Charon transports the dead on a boat. We are with them. "But you're not dead!" Charon shouts angrily at me. Virgil subdued him. We swam. From a distance a roar is heard, the wind blows, a flame flashed. I lost my senses...
- May the Muses help me to sing the second kingdom! His guard Elder Cato met us unfriendly: who are they? how dare you come here? Virgil explained and, wishing to propitiate Cato, spoke warmly about his wife Marcia. Why is Marcia here? Go to the seashore, you need to wash! We are going. Here it is, the sea distance. And in the coastal grasses - abundant dew. With it Virgil washed away the soot of abandoned Hell from my face.
- From the Earthly Paradise, Beatrice and I will fly together to the Heavenly, to heights inaccessible to the comprehension of mortals. I did not notice how they took off, looking at the sun. Am I, staying alive, capable of this? However, Beatrice was not surprised by this: a purified person is spiritual, and a spirit not burdened with sins is lighter than ether.
- Conclusions:
- Dante's poem is a wide panorama of human wrong deeds.
- Dante passionately condemns, pronounces judgment and executes, considering the torment of sinners deserved.
- The poem is permeated with the ideas of humanism: interest and love for man, the struggle for his freedom, happiness and all-round development.
- Dante in The Divine Comedy rises from the world of vices to the world of repentance and purity - this is the path of the ascent of the individual.
- Dante wrote his work not in Latin, but in a living folk language, thereby creating a new literary Italian language.
Dante Alighieri belonged to an old noble family. The poet was born in Florence, which was in the XIII-XIV centuries the main cultural center Italy. The city experienced the constant political struggle of different parties. This struggle was especially acute between the warring political parties of the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. The poet's father, like Dante himself later, belonged to the Guelph party, who opposed papal authority. Dante Alighieri belonged to an old noble family. The poet was born in Florence, which was the main cultural center of Italy in the 13th-14th centuries. The city experienced the constant political struggle of different parties. This struggle was especially acute between the warring political parties of the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. The poet's father, like Dante himself later, belonged to the Guelph party, who opposed papal authority.
Having received an education in the volume of a medieval school, Dante independently studies French and Provencal languages, which give him the opportunity to read foreign literature. He also studies ancient poets, especially Virgil, the author of the Aeneid. In the early 1280s, Dante began to write poems, almost exclusively of love content, dedicated to Beatrice Portinari. After her death (1290), Dante intensively studied theology, philosophy and astronomy. Dante very early begins to engage in political activities, taking part in the military operations of the Florentine commune against the Ghibellines, and is elected a member of the ruling Florentine collegium. But after the split of the Guelphs into black and white, he adjoins the white Guelphs, whose party was deposed by Pope Boniface VIII and the French prince Charles of Valois, who entered Florence in 1301.
From that time on, Dante began the years of exile, which changed his political convictions. Gradually, he comes to the conclusion that only the imperial power can unite Italy, rebuffing the papal power, and places his hopes on Emperor Henry VII, who soon died without entering Florence. The name of Dante was twice deleted from the lists of amnesty, who were allowed to return to Florence, as they saw him as an implacable enemy. Dante rejected the humiliating offer of public repentance and spent the last years of his life in Ravenna, where he was buried in 1321. The name of Dante was twice deleted from the lists of amnesty, who were allowed to return to Florence, as they saw him as an implacable enemy. Dante rejected the humiliating offer of public repentance and spent the last years of his life in Ravenna, where he was buried in 1321.
The Divine Comedy was written during the years of exile. The poet himself called it simply "Comedy". The epithet divine was given to Dante's creation by descendants not earlier than the 16th century, not for religious content, but for poetic perfection. The poem is divided into three large parts of the canticle, dedicated to the image of the three parts of the afterlife. Each of the three canticles consists of 33 songs, and first the first prologue song is added to the entire poem. This is how a poem of 100 songs is formed. The number 3 (associated with the Christian idea of the Trinity) and its multiples 9 and 33 become symbolic in the poem: there are three parts in the poem, it is written in tertsy, in hell there are 9 circles.
The genre of the poem is associated with medieval visions and torments, that is, with stories about how a person managed to see the secrets of the afterlife. Among the ancient sources of the poem, Virgil's Aeneid is of the greatest importance, which describes how Aeneas descended into the realm of the dead (Tartarus) to see his late father. Dante uses such a compositional form in order to condemn human crimes, vices, to correct a person, to encourage humanity to live with dignity, as it should. The researchers of Dante's poem emphasize that each of its plot moves can be interpreted allegorically in moral-religious, political, and biographical terms.
Verses 28–60. What major human vices are symbolized by the three beasts: the lynx, the lion and the she-wolf? Lynx voluptuousness; lion pride; wolf greed. Verses 61–136. How does Dante feel about Virgil? Why is Dante ready to follow him to hell? To get away from evil and death.
"Hell". Hell device. Canto 34 (verses 28-69) The arrangement of hell. Canto 34 (verses 28-69) How did Dante envision hell being organized? Dante imagined hell as a funnel-shaped abyss, located under the arch of the earth and consisting of narrowing circles, ending in a well where Lucifer is tormented. The lower the circle, the more terrible the crimes and torments of sinners.
Circle 1. Limbo of the Gentiles Circle 2. Voluptuaries Circle 2. Voluptuous Circle 3. Gluttons and gluttons Circle 3. Gluttons and gluttons Circle 4. Stingers and squanderers Circle 4. Stingers and squanderers Circle 5. Angry and envious Circle 5. Angry and envious Circle 6. Heretics and heresiarchs (sowers of religious strife) Circle 6. Heretics and heresiarchs (sowers of religious strife) Circle 7. Murderers. Suicides. Blasphemers. Moneylenders Circle 7. Assassins. Suicides. Blasphemers. Moneylenders Circle 8 (Evil Moats) Circle 8 (Evil Moats)
Ditch 1. Pimps and deceivers Ditch 2. Flatterers Ditch 2. Flatterers Ditch 3. Simonists-holy merchants Ditch 3. Simonists-holy merchants Ditch 4. Soothsayers Ditch 4. Soothsayers Ditch 5. Bribers Ditch 5. Bribers Ditch 6. Hypocrites Ditch 6 Hypocrites Ditch 7. Thieves Ditch 7. Thieves Ditch 8. Malicious Advisers. Ditch 8. Evil Advisers. Ditch 9. Instigators of strife. Sectarians Ditch 9. Instigators of strife. Sectarians Ditch 10. Forgers. Well of Giants Ditch 10. Forgers. Well of the Giants
Circle 9. Traitors Lucifer Lucifer What human vices Dante considered the most serious? What human vices Dante considered the most serious? What is the appearance of Lucifer (verses 28-69), who is at the very bottom of hell? What is the appearance of Lucifer (verses 28-69), who is at the very bottom of hell?
After going through hell, Dante and Virgil end up in purgatory, which is located on the opposite hemisphere of the earth, covered by the Great Ocean. It is an island with a very high mountain. It is divided into seven ledges (circles), in each of which one of the deadly sins is cleansed: pride, envy, anger, despondency, greed, gluttony and fornication. According to the teaching of the Catholic Church, those sinners who are not condemned to eternal torment and can still be cleansed of the sins they have committed are in purgatory. The internal process of this cleansing is symbolized by the seven letters P (the initial letter of the Latin word peccatum sin), inflicted by an angel's sword on the forehead of the poet and denoting the seven deadly sins.
As you go through the circles of purgatory, these letters are erased one by one. First, Dante and Virgil end up in the pre-purgatory, where the newly arrived souls of the dead are, excommunicated, negligent, and end up in the valley of earthly rulers. Then, through the gates, Dante and Virgil enter purgatory and visit its circles: circle 1 proud people, circle 2 envious people, circle 3 angry, circle 4 dull, circle 5 greedy (misers and squanderers), circle 6 gluttons, circle 7 voluptuaries. It can be seen that hell and purgatory are partially mirrored: the circles of the abyss are the ledges of the mountain. Then travelers ascend to the Earthly Paradise, located on the very top of the mountain. Here Dante meets with Beatrice, who will accompany him to Paradise, where Virgil cannot enter because he is a pagan
Why does Beatrice greet Dante harshly in Canto 30? Why does Beatrice greet Dante harshly in Canto 30? What does Beatrice tell him? How did she try to get him back off the trail? What does Beatrice tell him? How did she try to get him back off the trail?
"Paradise". Paradise device. Canto 33 (verses 115–145). How did Dante imagine the device of paradise? How did Dante imagine the device of paradise? Reconciling with Dante and ascending with him through the sphere of fire, Beatrice leads him through the nine celestial spheres to the empyrean rose of the light of the higher heavens, the seat of the Divine. They pass the first heaven of the Moon (violators of the vow); the second Mercury (ambitious); third Venus (loving); fourth Sun (wise men); fifth Mars (warriors for the faith); sixth Jupiter (fair); the seventh is Saturn (the contemplators). Dante and Beatrice ascend in the eighth, starry sky, where the triumphant reign, and then fall into the ninth, crystal sky, where the angels are. Only after that they enter the empyrean. Beatrice symbolizes the religious wisdom of theology, since earthly wisdom is no longer sufficient to contemplate paradise, given to the righteous for their merits. Dante, carried away by the power of love, flies after her.
How is the empyrean depicted in the poem? How is the empyrean depicted in the poem? Dante represents the empyrean in the form of three equal circles, three rainbows, symbolizing the idea of the trinity of the Deity. At the end of the poem, he sees himself and Beatrice in paradise. Dante's love on the way to paradise is cleansed of everything earthly, sinful. It becomes a symbol of virtue and religion, and its ultimate goal is the contemplation of God, who Himself is love, which moves the sun and the luminaries. At the same time, separating himself from the crowd and recognizing himself as a person who can be shined from the heights, Dante was the forerunner of the humanists of the Renaissance.
In a letter to Can Grande della Scala, the ruler of the city of Verona, Dante reports on the tasks that he set for himself in the Divine Comedy. He writes that any literary work has several meanings: literal, allegorical, moral and anagogical (that is, drawing upward, revealing the inner spirit of the work). In the Divine Comedy, its literal meaning is the depiction of the fate of people after death; the allegorical idea of retribution, that is, the punishment or reward of a person for his life's deeds; the moral meaning of keeping a person from evil and directing him to good (Gogol was fascinated by a similar task); an anagogical sing of the power of love for Beatrice, which clarified his mind and inspired the creation of the poem.
