How many emirates are included in the uae. United Arab Emirates

Brief information about the country

Date of Independence

Official language

Arab

Form of government

A constitutional monarchy

Territory

83,600 km² (114th in the world)

Population

5 473 972 people (114th in the world)

United Arab Emirates Dirham (AED)

Timezone

The largest city

$271.1 billion (49th in the world)

Internet domain

Telephone code

United Arab Emirates, the most spectacular showcase of the Middle East and one of the best vacation spots on the planet, is located in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula and is washed by the azure waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs. El-Imarat al-Arabiya al-Muttahid, as its inhabitants call their country, is a federal state and includes 7 emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaim, Fujairah, Umm al-Qaiwain and Ajman . Each of them has its own zest, its own customs and natural features.

Video: UAE

Basic moments

This eastern country, which has not yet celebrated its 50th anniversary, owes its prosperity not to the dictates of a fabulous genie, but to the colossal deposits of oil and gas found in this region, as well as to a reasonable, far-sighted and fair approach to the use and distribution of natural treasures inherited by it.

Harmoniously combining the traditions of East and West, the United Arab Emirates managed to expressively combine the past and the present. Here, structures made of concrete and glass side by side with ancient mosques built of clay, modern shopping centers with exotic oriental markets, and the strict laws of Islam do not apply to tourists who want to have a good time in their hotel or take care of alcohol supplies in duty free .

The sunny country, where there is almost no rain, is ready to receive tourists all year round. In winter, the air temperature in the UAE does not fall below +20 °C, and in summer it usually exceeds +40 °C. But since the climate here is dry, the heat is tolerated quite easily, besides, all rooms and even bus stops are air-conditioned.

Hotels in the UAE will give you comfort, and the beaches will amaze you with the contrast of colors that have absorbed the whiteness of the sand, the emerald shades of the foliage of date palms, located in disorder on the shore, and the azure of gentle coastal waves. You can discover the wonders of the underwater world by diving off the coral reefs or by riding a camel and heading into the desert to feel its hot breath. In the United Arab Emirates, inquisitive travelers will find ancient architectural monuments and interesting museums. At the service of tourists who prefer outdoor activities are tennis courts, golf courses, football grounds, the opportunity to go in for horseback riding, archery, water sports, including extreme ones. Passionate shopping lovers should be reminded that the UAE is the best place on the planet for this exciting activity.

UAE cities

All cities in the UAE

Attractions UAE

All sights of the UAE

History of the United Arab Emirates

The entire history of the United Arab Emirates is divided into pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. It is known that before the advent of Islam, this territory was inhabited by nomadic tribes. They were engaged in hunting, fishing, catching pearls. A special place in the way of life of the Arabs was occupied by the breeding of camels - animals, without which life in the harsh conditions of the desert would be even more difficult. Camel hair was used for making clothes, animal meat for cooking, droppings for making a fire, and their endurance helped the nomads overcome hot sandy impassability.

For a long time, the scarce land did not attract conquerors from the great empires that existed in the neighborhood to these lands, at that time even merchant ships rarely came here. However, life was not peaceful here: the tribes constantly fought among themselves for water and land more suitable for life. The Arabs themselves call this period "Jahiliya", which means "primitive rudeness, ignorance."

Despite the harsh natural conditions, progress was made in the life of the nomads: they learned how to extract groundwater and use it in agriculture. By the 7th century, when the power of the Arab Caliphate, which brought Islam here, was established in this territory, there already existed large settlements with dwellings that were built from clay and fragments of coral reefs. The most significant of them - Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah - soon became cities.

As the Arab Caliphate weakened, this territory gradually withdrew from its sphere of influence, and then independent sheikhdoms (emirates) were formed - small states. On these lands of the Arabian Peninsula, located at the crossroads of sea routes connecting the countries of the Mediterranean and India, trade began to develop. Ships moored to the shores of the Persian Gulf more and more often, and merchants from all over Arabia, India and Persia equipped caravans for local pearls.

In the 10th-11th centuries, the sheikhdoms fell under the influence of neighboring Oman, and from the 15th century Europeans began to show interest in this territory. Over time, the Portuguese, and then the British, fortified here and controlled the sea routes and trade. The British protectorate existed here until 1971.

In the 1920s, colossal oil reserves were discovered in the Persian Gulf, but the active extraction of "black gold" began thirty years later. In 1964, the League of Arab States, which declared the right of the Arab countries to independence, opposed the protectorate, and in 1968 the British government announced its decision to withdraw its troops from this Middle Eastern region.

The meeting of sheikhs in Abu Dhabi on December 2, 1971 is considered to be the starting point for the history of the realization of the “great Arab dream”. It was then that the six emirates of the Persian Gulf decided to unite their territories and resources. The seventh emirate, Ras Al Khaimah, joined the federation a year later.

The political system of the UAE is unique in its own way: it combines elements of a republican (electoral) system with a monarchical form of government, where the ruler of each emirate is unquestioning authority.

modern country

Today it is difficult to imagine that even 50 years ago in the UAE, from the shores of the Gulf to the horizon, a hellish desert stretched. The impetus for the phenomenal development of the region was given by the oil boom that began in the 70s. Crowded cities with skyscrapers and palaces, wide highways and green parks began to appear in the desert scorched by the Arabian sun.

The prudent and wise emirs, the heads of the seven emirates, who considered that tourism is one of the best investments of profit from the oil and gas trade, showed creative thinking and decided that their tourist paradise would not be like the resorts of Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, Tunisia. They invited the most talented architects and engineers from all over the world, obsessed with original, sometimes seemingly insane ideas, to the country, and today, looking at local hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, one gets the impression that the UAE is a phantasmagoric living illustration for fairy tales from 1000 and one night. But in the Emirates, instead of fabulous palaces, futuristic buildings impress with their splendor, instead of camel caravans, luxury cars rushing along impeccable roads at a minimum speed of 160 km/h cross the desert, and mysterious houris in translucent robes have given way to modern divas in no less seductive beach outfits that , however, can only be demonstrated in the resort area.

Every day fabulous sums pass through the banks of the UAE, which are one of the cornerstones in the financial system of the Middle East. And the endless flow of money here is as regular as the ebb and flow in the Persian Gulf. Many residents of the Emirates are the richest people in the world, and the title of "sheikh" today is steadily associated with countless treasures, palaces, yachts, luxury cars. However, the rest of the citizens of the United Arab Emirates can hardly be called poor.

Population

After the declaration of the state, the first census was carried out. The registries included two hundred thousand indigenous people who received passports of citizens of the United Arab Emirates. Today, their number has increased to almost a million, which is 11% of the total population of the country. The majority of those living in the UAE are from other Arab countries, South Asia, North Africa, and they are not covered by the benefits available to indigenous people: free medicine, education (including in foreign universities), subsidies for utility bills.

Young citizens of the UAE, upon marriage, receive land from the state or funds for its acquisition, as well as an interest-free loan for building a house, which, moreover, can be repaid from the state budget after the birth of a third child. The houses of local residents are more like palaces surrounded by green gardens. By the way, fertile land and trees in the Emirates are imported items, and landscaping is not at all cheap, as is water for the irrigation system, which is individual for each tree and bush here.

Indigenous people of the United Arab Emirates work in government agencies or leadership positions in commercial firms. The rest of the work is the lot of visitors, who live here not so badly.

It may seem that the golden rain of petrodollars has severed the connection between the past and the present. But the inhabitants of a dynamically developing country remain faithful to Islam, strictly adhere to the morality and traditions laid down by the ascetic prophet Muhammad, and do not change their traditional clothes.

UAE currency

The official currency in the United Arab Emirates is the dirham. The rate of 3.67 dirhams to $ 1 was fixed in 1980, and has not changed until now. A large number of international banks are represented in the UAE by their branches. It is better to exchange currency in one of them, since the exchange rate at the hotel is significantly lower.

Customs

The customs laws of the United Arab Emirates, in general, are quite liberal, and any goods can be exported from the country in any quantity. Import and export of currency is also not limited. However, there are restrictions on the import of certain goods. You can import no more than ten packs of cigarettes, four hundred cigars, two kg of tobacco into the UAE. But, first of all, strict import restrictions apply to alcohol. A foreigner who crosses the border of the Emirates is allowed to import no more than 2 liters of spirits and 2 liters of wine per person.

Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi is the largest emirate of the United Arab Emirates in terms of area, where the capital of the country of the same name is located. It is the richest in the Commonwealth of the Emirates, which is not surprising, because it has 20 times more oil fields than Dubai, Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah combined.

The northern coast of the capital emirate is washed by the warm waters of the Persian Gulf, in the east the Jabal al-Hajar mountain range rises, and in the south, in the Liwa oasis, dozens of emerald "patches" of land with the fertile shade of palm trees alternate with the majestic mobile sand dunes of the Rub al- Khali.

Capital

The city of Abu Dhabi is located on the island of the same name, separated from the western coast of the Ruus al-Jibal peninsula by the Al-Maktaa sea strait, the width of which is 250 m. The island, in turn, is surrounded by small islands of natural and artificial origin.

On the mainland is part of the urban area, suburbs, Abu Dhabi International Airport. Here, in the coastal strip, there is one of the few historical sights of the city - Al-Maktaa Fort, built in the century before last to protect the coastal territory. For the same purpose, the Al-Maktaa watchtower was built, which can be seen on a stone island in the strait.

The fort, built in Arabic style using wood and soft stone, has now been restored and houses a tourist office where you can purchase educational literature, guidebooks in your preferred language and maps of the city.

Three bridges lead from the mainland to the central districts of the city, surrounded by luxurious greenery of gardens and parks, two of which are doubled. The first thing you will see when crossing the Al-Maktaa Strait on the bridge of the same name is the domes and four minarets of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, which is a symbol of Muslim faith and the personification of the wealth of the state. This majestic mosque bears the name of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the seventeenth Emir of Abu Dhabi, one of the founders of the UAE and its first president. His ashes rest at the walls of the temple.

The luxurious building is decorated with 1000 columns and 82 domes, the largest of which, 85 m high, is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. The world record holders include a huge Iranian carpet covering the floor of the prayer hall, as well as a grandiose chandelier shining with many Swarovski crystals.

The mosque is decorated with artificial reservoirs, its courtyard, located on the territory of 17,000 m², is decorated with colored mosaics. The building of the temple and its courtyard can accommodate more than 41 thousand believers. This shrine is one of the few mosques in the state, which is ready to receive tourists at the set hours.

To the north of the mosque is the Al-Batin Airport, built about half a century ago, the first in the UAE. Today it has been modernized, but only accepts domestic flights and serves business aviation.

Khalifa Park, named after the current President of the United Arab Emirates and Emir of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, is located on a vast territory not far from the airport. In this green oasis, where trees, shrubs and flowers from all over the globe are planted, you can spend the whole day. Here guests can enjoy man-made canals and lakes with illumination, fountains, labyrinths of alleys, playgrounds, an aquarium, attractions, one of which, the Time Tunnel, reflects the history of the country.

Al-Ittihad Square, located in the west of the island, is also of interest. It is decorated with six imposing sculptures of snow-white stone, which are symbols of Arabia - a cannon, a watchtower, a kind of cap with which the Arabs cover food, a coffee pot, a vessel for washing hands in rose water and a bowl for burning incense.

To the south of the square is the oldest architectural landmark of the city - the fortress of Qasr Al Hosn, or the White Fort, built in 1793. Its most ancient part, one of the watchtowers, was erected to guard the only source of water on the island at that time. The image of the tower can be seen on the banknote of 1000 dirhams. Until 1966, Qasr Al Hosn had the status of the residence of the sheikhs of the Al Nahyan family, which still rules in Abu Dhabi.

The northwestern end of the square borders on the many kilometers of the city's central waterfront - the Corniche, the most beautiful and popular place in Abu Dhabi. It stretches from the Sheraton Hotel to the Emirates Palace, one of the most luxurious hotels in the Middle East. This wide promenade with graceful fountains, restaurants, cafes, bike paths and pedestrian areas is divided into several magnificent landscaped parks. It overlooks the ten-kilometer man-made island of Al-Lulu. According to the project, after the final completion of the work, it will become one of the most prestigious holiday destinations in Abu Dhabi.

The spacious city beach of Corniche Beach Park stretches between Al Hosn Family Park and the Hilton Hotel. It became the first beach among others located on the coast of the Persian Gulf, which was awarded the Blue Flag in 2011 and still holds it. On the seashore with white silky sand, all conditions for a comfortable stay are created. The territory is divided into 5 zones: a beach for families, women and children, where single men are not allowed to enter (10 dirhams for an adult, 5 dirhams for a child), a paid beach where entry is open to everyone (the cost is the same), and three accessible to all free public beach. On all beaches you need to pay for the use of umbrellas, sunbeds and towels. However, you can sunbathe just on the sand - this is not forbidden.

In the northeast of the Corniche, on the Al Mina peninsula, there is a harbor where traditional Arabic schooner dhows, boats and yachts are moored, on which you can go on a mini cruise along the coast.

Nearby are two small colorful markets: the fish market, where freshly caught fish is unloaded and sold in the morning, and the Iranian souk, beloved by tourists, is even rows of shops and shops located at the very tip of the pier. On the shelves are a variety of products: rugs self made, copper coffee pots, traditional Arab jewelry, chasing, antiques, jewelry. Most of the products are delivered here from Iran, Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.

Not far from the Corniche (across the canal) is the island of Al Marina, where there are many interesting places. Among them, one of the main attractions of the capital is the Abu Dhabi Heritage Village, or, as it is more commonly called, the Abu Dhabi Ethnographic Village. There is an exposition showing the life of the inhabitants of the Arabian Desert in ancient times, archaeological finds are presented: weapons made of bronze, jewelry made of gold. Periodically, there are performances of dancers and musicians. The entrance is free.

Nearby is the grandiose shopping center Marina Mall. Its infrastructure includes a cinema, a bowling alley, a skating rink, an observation deck, cafes, restaurants, but most importantly, it is simply a paradise for shoppers.

A fascinating route around the city on the Big Bus Tours sightseeing buses starts from the Marina Mall. Traveling on one of these dark red open top double decker buses offers the best views of Abu Dhabi. The bus slowly moves along the circular route, along which there are 11 stops. A ticket starting at AED 182 for an adult and AED 90 for a child will allow you to get off and on the next bus at any of the stops. The ticket is valid for 24 hours. The tour is accompanied by an audio guide, which broadcasts in 8 languages, including Russian.

Near the Al-Mina Peninsula is the island of Al-Saadiyat. It has a natural origin and, according to far-reaching plans, should become the cultural capital of the UAE. Major cultural attractions - the Guggenheim Museum of Abstract Art, the Sheikh Zayed National Museum, the Louvre Abu Dhabi - are in various stages of completion. But the nine-kilometer beach area is already built up with luxury hotels, beach complexes and golf clubs. There is also a small public beach, chosen by tourists due to its white sand and crystal clear water. You need to pay 25 dirhams to enter it, and the same amount for using a sun lounger and umbrella.

A 25-minute drive from the center of Abu Dhabi, in the southern part of the artificial island of Al Yas, the Yas Marina racing circuit was built, which impresses with an original concept. The Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, one of the stages of the Formula 1 World Championship, is held here.

North of the circuit is the largest indoor theme park on the planet Ferrari World Abu Dhabi with an area of ​​86,000 m². Its gigantic, curved roof (200,000 m²) is curved in places, painted in Ferrari's signature red colors and adorned with the iconic brand's grandiose logo.

Of the many attractions in the park, extreme lovers choose the Ferrari Rossa roller coaster, which gives desperate extreme people the opportunity to feel what the speed of 240 km/h means.

The cost of visiting the park is 275 dirhams for adults, 230 dirhams for children over 3 years old.

Al Gharbiya

The dominant part of the territory of the emirate of Abu Dhabi (83%) belongs to the Al-Gharbiya region. It is called "the place where the desert meets the sea". Luxurious white beaches stretch along the many kilometers of Al-Gharbiya coast, and numerous forts that can be seen here against the backdrop of an impressive landscape remind of the history of this land.

150 km from the capital, among the sands of the endless desert of Rub al-Khali, there is the Liwa oasis, which is a kind of chain of small patches of greenery that stretches for almost 100 km with a horseshoe, uniting fifty cities.

These life-giving corners of land with palm groves and freshwater reservoirs have traditionally served as the home of the Beni Yaz tribe, from whom the dynasties that rule today in Abu Dhabi and Dubai descend. In ancient times, the main occupation of the inhabitants of the oases was the breeding of camels and the cultivation of date palms.

Paying tribute to this tradition, the UAE residents massively come here during the days of two traditional festivals: date and camel. These festivities are held in the main city of Al-Gharbiya - Madinat Zayed. Here the "ships of the desert" compete in beauty, running and milk yield. By the way, the cost of a racing camel exceeds one and a half million dirhams, and some fans of camel competitions own entire herds of such runners. The champion camel is a prestigious and very profitable movable property, because the winners receive valuable gifts - expensive cars, collectible weapons, solid gold souvenirs.

In Liva you will see majestic dunes, the color of which changes throughout the day - from light golden to crimson. The sands are especially magnificent in the morning and evening hours. You can ski on the dunes.

One of the most magnificent natural attractions of the UAE, the island of Sir Bani Yas, is located in the most remote corner of Al Gharbiya, 250 km from Abu Dhabi. Almost the entire territory of the island (87 km²) is a natural reserve called the Arabian Wildlife Park.

Archaeological finds indicate that people lived here several centuries ago. But by the middle of the last century, the island had practically turned into a desert. The Emir of Abu Dhabi liked this place, and the island began to come to life. Since 1971, when a nature reserve was established here, more than 8 million ornamental and fruit trees have already been planted on this stretch of land, rare species of animals and birds have been brought here, hotels, restaurants, cafes, equestrian clubs have been built for guests of the island.

Today white antelopes, cheetahs, mountain sheep, ostriches, giraffes, gazelles live here. You can travel around the island of Sir Bani Yas by bike or on horseback, and learn about the wonders of the underwater world by dressing in scuba gear. Dolphins live along the luxurious coast, which can be observed from October to March.

Al Ain

Al Ain is the oldest city in the UAE. It is the administrative center of the eastern region of the emirate of Abu Dhabi. The city is located in the foothills of the Jabar al-Hajar massif on the border with the Sultanate of Oman. In Al Ain, which preserves the spirit of a real Arab city, the indigenous inhabitants of crowded cities located on the coast of the Persian Gulf like to relax. Many wealthy families have their own apartments or villas here.

Fertile land and a relatively mild climate have turned Al Ain into a garden city, where flowers are fragrant all year round, and evergreen trees and shrubs give coolness. Here you will not see skyscrapers, as there are restrictions on the height of buildings under construction in the city.

In the heart of the city is the oasis of Al Ain with its huge plantations of date palms. It is to this oasis that the city owes its name, which means “spring” in Arabic.

In the eastern part of the oasis is the ancient Al Ain Palace Museum, which served in the past as the residence of the first president of the United Arab Emirates, whose homeland this city is. The territory of the museum includes several courtyards that once separated the female and male halves of the palace, many halls and chambers, high watchtowers. The rich art gallery of the museum is interesting, where you can see portraits of persons from the ruling family in Abu Dhabi. A visit to the museum will cost 3 dirhams.

The city has many mosques and modern shopping centers, oriental markets and original fountains. It is visited by hundreds of thousands of tourists, for whom the doors of beautiful comfortable hotels are open.

Al Ain is located far from the coast, so one of the most popular places here is Wadi Adventure. This man-made water park is located at the foot of the majestic Jebel Hafeet mountain and is the only water park in the region with artificial water flows, where you can go rafting, kayaking, surfing. There is also a 3.3 meter deep pool and a 1.7 km long kayak ride.

Be sure to visit Wildlife Park & ​​Resort - the largest zoo in the UAE. On its vast territory, in spacious enclosures, animals from different corners planets, many species of which are now on the verge of extinction. The zoo is located near the Jebel Hafeet mountain (1240 m). You can climb to its top along the 11-kilometer serpentine, and capture amazing panoramas from one of the observation platforms.

Emirate of Dubai

In terms of its territory, the emirate of Dubai is second only to the capital emirate, but outside the city of the same name, the land is almost deserted. In the west, the emirate is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, in the northeast it is adjacent to Sharjah, and in the south - to Abu Dhabi.

Everything in this emirate is amazing: the highest buildings on the planet, man-made islands that are visible from space, luxurious hotels - the manifestation of the flight of human imagination, grandiose malls where you can wander forever, and the most incredible leisure options. Its green parks provide cool shelter and shelter from the scorching sun.

Dubai was founded in 1833. The huge city grew out of two tiny settlements located at the mouth of Khor Dubai (often called Dubai Creek): one of them, Deira, was located on the northeastern shore of the bay, and the second, Bur Dubai, on the southwestern shore. Today, these areas are the historical core of an ultra-modern, constantly growing metropolis, where more than 2 million people live.

The northern suburbs of the city have already practically connected with the territory of the neighboring emirate of Sharjah, so the city remains to expand only to the east, conquering the sands of the desert, and to the southwest, beyond Jumeirah - a fashionable area where luxurious villas and hotels are located, which are often called an incredible word " seven-star."

In the southwest of Dubai, there is a grandiose port, as well as the Jabel Ali Free Economic Zone, which is one of the main pillars of the wealth of the UAE. FROM business center cities built up with skyscrapers, this territory is connected by a high-speed multi-lane freeway.

Dubai's main inland water area, which has been its natural harbor since the city's inception, is a narrow sea bay, 14 km deep, cutting into the land, due to which it can be mistaken for a river. The traditional means of communication between the shores were flat-bottomed wooden boats - abra. They still run along and across the bay today, mainly as a water taxi.

The historical district of the city, which is located on the shore of the bay, is called Bastakiya. It is built up with buildings of the late XIX - early XX century. These houses were built according to the traditional Arab principle: the foundation is built from a mixture of red clay and palm wood, and the walls are made from coral blocks and limestone slabs. Merchants, fishermen and wealthy families lived here.

A walk around Bastakiya should start from the Sheikh Mohammed Cultural Center - one of the most elegant buildings in the area, then, bypassing the Bastakiah Nights restaurant, which is also located in a historic building, go to the White Mosque and the last of the surviving sections of the city wall. Next, check out one of the art galleries and head to Al Fahidi Fort, today home to the Dubai City Museum. The main part of its expositions is located in the underground part, equipped with the latest museum technologies.

Many beautiful mosques have been built in Dubai, but only one of them is open to tourists, however, it is the most impressive. This is the Jumeirah Mosque, which first received believers in 1979. Built of pink sandstone, it is an example of Arabic architecture from the 10th-13th centuries and has two minarets. After visiting a Muslim temple, take a stroll through the exotic garden that surrounds it.

The modern areas of the city are crossed by the famous ten-lane Sheikh Zayed Road, rushing towards Abu Dhabi. From its southeast side, you can see the 39-storey building of the Dubai World Trade Center. This is the first skyscraper in the UAE, which was built back in 1979, and its height is “only” 149 m. To the south, the Emirates Towers rush up. These two skyscrapers, built in the shape of a triangle, have different heights, but are similar as twin brothers. The higher building (355 m, 56 floors) houses the offices of Emirates airline, the other (309 m, 54 floors) houses the prestigious Emirates Towers Hotel and shopping mall Emirates Towers Boulevard, where boutiques under the brands of world fashion luminaries are located.

To the east lies one of the most modern and brilliant areas of Dubai - Downtown Burj Khalifa with its legendary skyscrapers. In the very center there is an artificial lake, in the middle of which there is a musical fountain, the height of its beating jets reaches 275 meters. In the evenings, it is painted in different colors by 6,000 light sources, and the action is a fantastic extravaganza of the dance of water, music and colors.

On the shore of the lake rises the tallest building on the planet - the skyscraper Burj Khalifa ("Khalifa Tower"). It has been under construction for 6 years and opened its doors in 2010. The skyscraper rushes up to 828 m. It has 163 floors, excluding technical ones. Most of the area of ​​the colossal building is reserved for prestigious offices and residences.

The lower floors of the Khalifa Tower are occupied by the luxurious Armani Hotel Dubai, and on the 122nd floor is the restaurant At.mosphere, which is located above all other restaurants in the world. Those wishing to admire the city from a bird's eye view can climb to the 124th floor (505 m). Here they are waiting for the observation deck At the Top. Entrance here is by tickets (from 75 dirhams). They can be ordered in advance on the website of the skyscraper or bought immediately before visiting the observation deck on the lower floor of the Dubai Mall, however, it will be significantly more expensive.

The Dubai Mall Center is one of the largest shopping and entertainment complexes in the world, its total area is 1,124,000 m². On the territory of this four-level shopping center there are more than 1200 shops, two department stores, a gold market, a hundred cafes and restaurants. Among the attractions located on the territory of the complex are an Olympic-sized ice rink and the world's largest indoor aquarium, which is inhabited by a huge number of marine life. You can admire them for free, but to feed the fish by entering a special tunnel, or swim in a steel cage among the sharks, you will need to pay 70 dirhams.

Another well-known shopping and entertainment center "Mall of Emirates" is the world's largest indoor ski resort, hosting guests of sunny Dubai all year round. The height of the complex is 85 m. There are 5 slopes and a 90 m long snowboarding track, as well as lifts, toboggan runs, an ice cave and a cinema.

To get the full impression of Dubai, you just need to visit the man-made islands - Palm Jumeirah. The archipelago consists of three islands, each of which is shaped like palm branches. They are connected with the mainland by a sandy strip, personifying the trunk.

The archipelago is like a beautiful city with elegant houses, apartments, hotels, wonderful roads, restaurants, embankments, offering a breathtaking view of Dubai, especially in the evening when the city begins to light up with lights. Rest here, of course, is not for a budget tourist, but it’s easy to go on an excursion - you can get here by metro or taxi.

Al Mamzer Beach Park is located on the northeast coast of Dubai. Its vast well-groomed territory is divided into five zones located in small bays. The park has two large swimming pools, sports and playgrounds, cozy cafes, kiosks where you can buy ice cream and water. Entrance here costs 5 dirhams, entry by car - 30 dirhams, you need to pay for an umbrella and sun loungers separately, as well as for using the pool.

Al Mamzer is the extreme point of Dubai. The coast stretching further to the northeast is already Sharjah.

Emirate of Sharjah

In the west, the coast of the emirate of Sharjah is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, and in the east - by Oman. Its history begins in 1630. It is known that Sharjah was the richest city in the region, whose wealth was based on pearling, trade, slave trade and piracy. In 1727, the Al-Qasimi tribal clan established itself here, ruling to this day in Sharjah and the neighboring emirate of Ras al-Khaimah. This dynasty, whose representatives in the 18th century commanded the entire pirate fleet in the Persian Gulf, especially adheres to the dogmas of Sharia, therefore the basis of all areas of life in Sharjah is the conservative traditions of Islam.

Alcohol is strictly taboo here, it is impossible to buy it even in hotels. Keeping strong drinks in a hotel room is also prohibited. In practice, no one, of course, will conduct a search, but it is unpleasant to feel like a violator of the law. This is probably why the prices for accommodation in local hotels are much lower than in other emirates, which reduces the cost of the tour. Hugging and kissing on the streets is unacceptable, you can be fined for this. Also, according to local laws, it is forbidden to appear on the beaches in open swimsuits. On the beaches of hotels, they turn a blind eye to a “frivolous” view, but on public ones, of which there are quite a lot, security guards can approach the violator of the law and ask to change clothes.

But Sharjah is a real museum and cultural treasure. None of the emirates of the UAE can be compared with it in terms of quantity, variety and technical equipment museums. Many of them are housed in fine modern buildings and lovingly restored forts. For such a respectful attitude to its historical traditions in 2014, Sharjah received the honorary title of the cultural capital of the Arab world.

The architecture of the emirate's capital Sharjah contrasts sharply with the architecture of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. It is closest to the traditional, Arabic. There are about 600 mosques in the city, and they continue to be built. The only mosque in Sharjah that is open to tourists is the Al Noor Mosque. But you can visit the Museum of Islamic Civilization on any day of the week except Friday. It has a rich collection of spiritual literature, Islamic art and crafts from the 17th-19th centuries. Women will be interested in admiring jewelry created in different eras, and men will be interested in seeing a wonderful collection of weapons. Curious tourists do not miss the Sharjah Archaeological Museum, where you can get acquainted with the history of the region, starting from the times when it was inhabited by primitive communities. No less interesting is the Art Museum with a delightful interior that can be called a work of art. The museum is one of the largest art galleries in the UAE and throughout the Middle East. Most of the art exhibition is the work of oriental artists of the XVIII century.

The Sharjah Al-Hish Fort is located in the historical part of the city. This restored fortification is a classic example of local architecture from the early 19th century.

In search of entertainment, head to Al Kasbah. This park is located in a pedestrian area near Khalid Lagoon. Here, as in the whole city, everything is very decent. In cozy cafes and restaurants, you can have an inexpensive bite to eat, sending the children to play on a completely safe playground, then take a ride on the Ferris wheel, stroll along the embankment, and in the evening admire the show of singing fountains.

It is pleasant to make purchases at the famous Blue Market. It sells beautiful handmade Iranian silk carpets, original copper, silver and gold products, clothes, perfumes and, of course, all kinds of gadgets.

Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah

The northernmost emirate of the UAE is bordered by the picturesque Hajjar Mountains in the east and the coast of the Persian Gulf in the west. It also includes several islands in the bay. It lacks the luxuries that amaze in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, but there are majestic mountains approaching the coast, lush vegetation, magnificent beaches, some of the best in the country, and thermal healing springs, around which the popular balneological resort of Hutt Springs is equipped.

The emirate is also famous for the fact that here is the highest mountain in the UAE - Jebel Jays. Its peak reaches a height of 1934 m, and a 20-kilometer serpentine road leads to it. Recently, the authorities of the emirate announced their intention to build a fashionable resort with a sports bias here.

Ras al-Khaimah is also a pioneer in the introduction of the All inclusive system, here more than half of the hotels already operate on it.

And there is also a unique water park "Ice Land", the pride of the emirate, where, in addition to tourists, residents from all over the country come together. In the style of the park, located in the capital of the emirate, the city of Ras al-Khaimah, there are fantasies on the theme of the Ice Age. Its talented design will really create the impression that you are in the Arctic Circle, and surrounded by figures of penguins, seals, polar bears, you will enjoy spending time having fun on water attractions. Entrance to the water park - 175 dirhams for an adult, 110 dirhams - for a child.

In the Old City of the capital of the emirate, it is interesting to look at the noisy market, see the old mosque, take a walk along the fishing pier. Its main historical attraction is Al-Khisi Fort, where the residence of the emirs from the Al-Qasimi dynasty was located. Today it houses the National Museum of Ras Al Khaimah.

The main historical monuments of the emirate are located outside the capital. 18 km from its center is al-Jazira al-Hamra - an abandoned village, which is often called the "ghost town". This is a unique corner of the UAE, because the ancient settlement, founded in the 4th century, was not restored and seemed to be frozen in time. Here you can see the fortress, market, mosques, houses, many of which are built of coral stone.

Not far from the capital is the Old Fort, or Dayah Fort. This fortress, built in the 16th century of unbaked brick, rises on top of a hill and faces the bay. For centuries, it has protected the region from attacks from the sea. From the hill, a delightful panorama of the surroundings of the emirate opens.

To the north of the capital, near the Hajjar Mountains, there is an area that is the most important archaeological site in the UAE. Here, near the village of Shamal Jalfar, archaeologists have discovered several hundred tombs of the pre-Islamic period and settlements dating back to 2000-1300. BC e.

Emirate of Fujairah

The Emirate of Fujairah is located in the very east of the UAE, and its coast is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Oman. Almost all of its territory, except for the coast, is occupied by mountains interspersed with picturesque valleys. The climate here is quite mild, a refreshing breeze blows on the coast, and in winter there are even heavy rains.

Fujairah is called the most beautiful emirate of the UAE. Its beaches with secluded coves are incredibly alluring, while the coral reefs off the coast and the clear sea attract scuba diving enthusiasts. Luxurious beach resorts are away from the hustle and bustle of the city. They are popular among those tourists who prefer peace and solitude to noisy rest.

In the emirate's capital, Fujairah, there are no grandiose skyscrapers, but its wide streets with beautiful modern buildings, fountains, sculptural compositions in the form of falcons, traditional coffee pots, cups, smokers are very beautiful and elegant.

It is in this emirate that the oldest mosque in the UAE, Al-Bidiya, built in the middle of the 16th century, is located. This mosque has no minarets and is quite modest. Its main value is spiritual.

Another historical attraction of the emirate is the Al-Batna fortress, which is located in the city of Siji. This fort, built in 1735, guarded the caravan routes for many years.

Directly in the capital there is a historical fort and a museum, where a large composition of archaeological and ethnographic rarities is presented.

Emirate of Umm el Quwain

The miniature emirate of Umm al-Qaiwain is located in the northeast of the UAE. It extends 50 km from the coast, where its capital, Umm al-Qaiwain, is located.

A measured life flows here, and there are no large shopping centers, public transport, and there are not even a dozen hotels here. However, this provincial emirate is very curious. It is called an eco-emirate, as many corners with virgin nature have been preserved here.

Not far from its coast there are islands where they have chosen a place to relax. migratory birds, graceful flamingos stand out among them. The largest among the islands is Al-Sinnia. You can meet gazelles on it, and reef sharks swim in the coastal waters.

The emirate is also famous for its Marine research center. The entrance for tourists is open here, in its aquarium they can observe the life of the inhabitants of the Persian Gulf.

Umm al-Qaiwain also has historical sights. Near the coast, archaeologists find artifacts dating back to the 5th century BC. e. In the neighboring village of Al-Dur, which is believed to have existed already in the III millennium, tombs, an ancient fort and a temple have been preserved. The archaeological finds of Al-Dur can be seen in the historical museum of Umm al-Qaiwain, located in the Old City of the capital in the restored premises of the ancient fort.

The largest water park in the UAE is also located in the capital of the emirate - Dreamland Aqua Park with a huge number of water attractions.

Fans of fish restaurants should definitely check out Wadi Al Neel Seafood Restaurant. Excellent dishes are prepared here from sea bass, flounder, king mackerel, shrimp, crabs, which is not surprising, because Umm al-Qaiwain is one of the largest fishing centers in the UAE, and it is from here that many species of the inhabitants of the underwater world are supplied to other emirates.

Emirate of Ajman

The smallest emirate of the UAE is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf on a strip of 16 km, between Umm al-Qaiwain and Sharjah. It is this snow-white, like flour, sandy strip that is one of the few objects of interest to tourists. The authorities of the emirate, dreaming of a large flow of guests, are developing a variety of attractive projects, but so far only one of them has brought some results. We are talking about the local store "Hole in The Wall" ("Break in the wall"), where you can buy any foreign-made alcoholic drink without restrictions. Tourists and guest workers from other emirates often visit here, not paying attention to the law that prohibits the export of alcohol from Ajman.

Active recreation

The Arabian desert of Rub al-Khali is a wonderful place for a jeep safari, the opportunity for such a trip will be provided to you in any emirate of the country. Best Places for mountain safaris are located in the emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, whose significant territory is occupied by the Hajjar Mountains.

Fans of air adventures should head to the emirate of Umm Al Quwain, where the famous flying club in the UAE is located. Here you can go skydiving, paragliding, parachuting and even take piloting lessons.

A great place for divers is Fujairah, where the best dive sites are located on the coast of the Gulf of Oman. The local area is also popular with fishing enthusiasts.

Clothing, perfumes and electronics are best purchased in large shopping malls. In hotels, this is not worth doing, as the purchase will cost you much more. It is also better to buy gold and silver items in a shopping center so as not to be the owner of a fake.

Original souvenirs can be found in numerous oriental bazaars. There is an excellent assortment, and there is an opportunity to bargain, reducing the price by 15-20%. It is interesting to buy traditional Arabic utensils for making coffee - pretty copper coffee pots and cezves. Among those who like to decorate the interior, transparent vessels filled with sand of different colors, and camel figurines made of stone, wood, gray are popular. Here you can find beautiful jewelry from Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan and handmade woven products.

National cuisine

The cuisine of the UAE differs little from the cuisine of other countries in the Middle East. It uses spices everywhere, and there are no pork dishes. But other meat dishes are perfectly cooked here. Absolutely incomparable lamb with raisins, chicken with honey, steamed, juicy shawarma, biryani (meat or fish with rice). Fish is cooked here very tasty, and the cost of fish dishes is quite democratic. But seafood does not have an interesting taste, usually they are simply boiled.

Street food in Dubai

The UAE has excellent sweet delicacies: Turkish delight, halva, pies with raisins and sweet cheese, an indispensable attribute of dessert - dates, which are simply magnificent here. The national drink is considered coffee, which the Arabs prepare in copper Turks and drink only freshly brewed.

United Arab Emirates Hotels

There are hotels of various categories in the UAE. In famous luxury hotels such as the Emirates Palace or the Burj Khalifa, which in 1999 awarded itself a 7-star rating, marble floors of royally luxurious rooms are covered with handmade carpets, coffee is served on silver trays strewn with rose petals, and on the beaches there will always be someone from the hotel staff ready to rush to you at any moment to wipe your sunglasses or serve a refreshing drink. A night spent in a standard room of one of these hotels will cost you at least $750.

However, in the United Arab Emirates, not only such hotels can boast of their service, as the level of the entire hotel infrastructure is very high here. Hotels can be divided into three groups:

• located on the coast and having their own beach;
• located near the coastline, but not having a beach, which provide their guests with the right to use the beaches of coastal hotels (for a fee or free of charge) and provide a transfer;
• city ​​hotels, which in some cases have their own “branch” in the form of a bungalow on the coast, delivering tourists there by minibuses, or provide a transfer to public beaches.

Rest in a five-star UAE hotel with a private beach costs at least $200 per day, in a four-star hotel - at least $100, in a three-star one - from $80. Prices fluctuate depending on the season.

Transport

Public transport in the UAE is quite poorly developed - it is usually used by visitors wage-earners, so it is recommended to travel around the cities by taxi or rented car. Taxis in the UAE are the main mode of transportation for tourists, so many taxi drivers speak English. All taxis are equipped with taximeters; they are easy to recognize by special identification marks. There is a women's taxi here, these cars are painted pink and driven by women.

Dubai has the only subway in the country, consisting of two lines. The cost of the trip depends on the distance and type of carriage. One trip in an ordinary carriage will cost a maximum of 7.5 dirhams (about $ 2).

You can rent a car in the United Arab Emirates with or without a driver. A driver's license is required to drive international standard(driving licenses of the CIS countries in the UAE are invalid) and insurance. Driver must be over 21 years of age.

Violators of traffic rules are very severely punished in the UAE. A fine of $800 will be required for running a red light, $150 for not using a seat belt, deportation from the country or imprisonment for drunk driving, and $10,000 for damaging state property. The speed limit within the city is 60 km/h, on motorways – 100 km/h. Almost all parking lots are paid, except for the time from 13:00 to 16:00. The quality of the roads in the UAE is excellent, but the locals, especially the wealthy youth, are extremely boorish on the roads.

Connection

Mobile communications in the UAE are provided by Etisalat and Du operators. To purchase a SIM card, you must present your passport. Etisalat has developed the Ahlan tariff plan, which is suitable for a short stay in the country. The cost of a call abroad is about $0.7, the cost of SMS is $0.25. You can get access to the worldwide network by using the services of Internet cafes or Wi-Fi in many cafes, restaurants and hotels in the UAE.

Safety

The UAE is the safest Muslim country in the world. Crime is practically absent, you can walk at any time of the day, but in the evening and at night it is recommended to bypass the areas where the settlements of visiting hired workers are located.

For thrown garbage or crossing the road in the wrong place, they will require a fine of $ 135, and for foul language they will be taken into custody.

There are many strong coastal currents in the Persian Gulf, so you should always soberly assess your strength and not let your children go into the water alone. Scuba diving is best done under the supervision of a local instructor who is well acquainted with the characteristic features of the area.

Business

The transformation of the UAE into the most important financial and commercial center in the Middle East is one of the main goals of the government. To achieve it, a number of free economic zones have been created, the banking and transport infrastructure is constantly developing, taxes are eased (corporate, income, VAT, from the payroll fund), the currency is freely convertible (UAE dirham), the free movement of capital is guaranteed, etc.

All the best hotels are equipped with superb state-of-the-art conference rooms suitable for both inter-corporate negotiations and for organizing major international symposiums and congresses. Every year, business centers in Dubai and Abu Dhabi hold business seminars and exhibitions of products of world-famous companies.

Real estate

Foreign citizens have the right to purchase real estate in the UAE - this is even welcome. Since 2006, foreigners have received the right to purchase land plots for new facilities, the rest can be taken on a long-term lease. The cost of 1 m² of housing ranges from $2,000 to $6,000. From residential real estate, mainly new buildings come to the market, the secondary housing market is not developed.

Residential buildings in the UAE are always being built at an accelerated pace and most often with the use of low-paid labor, so even the so-called "elite" complexes actually offer housing of poor quality. Dense buildings, especially on the “palm trees” in the coastal waters of Dubai, lead to the absence of picturesque views from the window, and one can only dream of peace and tranquility here.

As commercial real estate Russian citizens are most interested in the premises of offices, shops, hotels and restaurants. The average cost of 1 m² of an office is $1,700, and that of a hotel is about $7,000.

Muslim traditions are strictly observed in the UAE, so there are a number of prohibitions that apply to tourists as well.

So, you can not appear in beachwear outside the beaches and pools, and sunbathing without a swimsuit or its upper part is strictly prohibited. Women are only allowed to sit in the back seat of the car and in no case should they get into the car without a taxi badge (you may be mistaken for a woman of easy virtue). It is forbidden to be in public places in a state of intoxication. You can not kiss and hug, show obscene gestures. Gambling and unmarried sexual relations are prohibited. You can’t talk to local women on the street, so you can only take pictures of men, after asking their permission. In the United Arab Emirates, there is also a strict ban on photographing the palaces of sheikhs, military installations, banks and government institutions.

man reading the quran

Money, food and things are taken only with the right hand. While visiting the locals, do not give up a few cups of coffee. When shaking hands, do not look into the eyes of the interlocutor.

Customs restrictions, in addition to the standard importation of weapons, pornography and drugs, apply to a number of medicines, so it is best to get a prescription with a Latin name and dosage for the necessary medicines.

When traveling to the UAE during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, be aware that many establishments, including shops and restaurants, may change their opening hours. During the day, there are practically no places where you can dine, since at this time a strict fast is observed between dawn and sunset. Even tourists are condemned here and can officially complain to the police if they eat, drink, smoke or dress obscenely - from the point of view of the local population.

Behind the distant seas, behind the high mountains, where there is almost no rain, and the sun creates unbearable heat all year round, there is a small country ruled by wise men from ancient times. And what has been said is not a fairy tale, but the real truth, the truth of which you will see for yourself. We are talking about the state of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), located in the Middle East and is a federation.

Its rulers in matters of domestic policy actually follow the suras of Islam. Sheikhs of the UAE are one of the richest people in the world, they are educated, cultured, prone to oriental luxury and supernova technology and gadgets. The rulers do not put on the mask of the servants of the people, while remaining rich, but their subjects live comfortably, and feel needed by their country, and glorify their emirs.

Geography

First, let's briefly present some statistics for this state. The territory of the UAE is 83.6 thousand km 2, it is approximately equal to the Leningrad region. The state of the United Arab Emirates neighbors Oman and Saudi Arabia. Geography, its geology is characterized by its location on the coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

The country, located on the slope of the tectonic plate, is rich in minerals. The main oil reserves, estimated at 12.3 million tons and gas 5.6 trillion m 3 , lie in the depths of the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai.

The gently sloping sedimentary mountain ranges of Khodjar, rising in the east, are rich in mineral springs. Aluminum is mined here.

The geographical space of the country is heterogeneous in terms of relief. The main tourist centers are on the sandy and rocky ground off the coast. The sea near the coast is exceptionally transparent, and the sand is golden. However, going deep into the peninsula, the traveler will find only total saline soils, replaced by sand dunes and stone plateaus, occupying more than 60% of the country's area.

The northern and eastern regions of the country are fertile, but not because of nature, but because they are planted with greenery in accordance with the program outlined by the Council of Emirs.

Thus, the climate of the UAE is mostly desert, only a narrow seaside strip is distinguished by favorable tropical weather.

Ancient and colonial history

There is no harm without good, it was during this period that Islam became the titular religion here, which appealed to the locals. The teaching of the Prophet hardened them spiritually.

Since the 15th century, Portugal has been pursuing its rather unsuccessful colonial policy in what is now the UAE, robbing the people and forcing them to engage in piracy. In the 19th century, it was pushed out of here by the Queen of the Seas - Britain, which has its own civilizational plan and created the rudiments of industrial infrastructure in the UAE.

History of Independence of the Emirates

However, all this time, not foreign colonialists, but local sheikhs remained the leaders of their people. It would seem that for three hundred years the emirates were forced, for three centuries they remained the servants of the colonialists on their land. However, having heard the call of the Bani-Yaz clan of the Maktoum dynasty, they followed the family of the sheikh in 1833, captured Dubai, bringing it independence from foreigners. How can one not recall here the Arabic proverb that a lion at the head of a herd of sheep will defeat a herd of lions led by a ram. By the way, the direct ancestor of the current head of state commanded that army.

The British then frivolously did not attach any importance to this. In the 20s of the 20th century they discovered oil deposits on the peninsula and from the 50s began its mass production. However, by that time the Arab countries had become a world power, and the precedent of the Maktoum dynasty still took effect. In 1964, the League of Arab States opposed the English protectorate, demanding recognition of the independence of the Arab countries, and the British were forced to retreat.

In 1971, six states united to form the United Arab Emirates, the seventh emirate of Ras al-Khaimah joined them the following year. The Emir of the new country was its founder, Sheikh of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, an outstanding personality.

He was a man of clear mind and amazing foresight. He took on the burden of leadership and managed to unite and convince his then impoverished and demoralized people in the prospect of a decent life: “If at least one flowering branch remains in your soul, a songbird will certainly sit on it.” The sheikh appealed to the pride of his people, to their faith, which was confirmed in the flag of the new state.

And he was right, fulfilling his promises in abundance. The children and grandchildren of these people, who are fighting for existence and ending their lives at just 40 years old, today live in the richest country, using all the modern set of benefits. And this is without wars, without revolutions, without the extermination of the "fifth columns".

“The wise will understand as soon as you wink at him, but it’s not enough for a fool when he is pushed,” says an Arabic proverb about the properties of the mind. One of his 19 sons, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, today rules the country as skillfully as his ancestors, and his subjects bless him.

Each of the emirates (Shurja, Fujairah, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaimah, Dubai, Ajman, Abu Dhabi) is solely controlled by its own emir.

The President of the UAE is the emir of the largest of the emirates of Abu Dhabi, the capital of which and, at the same time, of the entire federation, the city of Abu Dhabi. The office of president is passed down from father to son. In the short history of the country, there were actually two presidents. When the first president-sheikh died, and the second only entered the ritual of taking power, the prime minister performed the duties for two days.

The President of the UAE is the head of the Supreme Council of the country, the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, the head of the Supreme Council for Petroleum. Seven rulers-emirs make up the supreme body of state power - the Supreme Council of the UAE.

These are amazing rulers who have a lot to learn from the western ones. How do these seven people manage to rule the country without revolutions? Why are their supercars parked in the parking lot with the key in the ignition, and none of the fellow citizens even think about the bad?

And how could it be otherwise in a believing country, whose citizens are given jobs by their rulers, provide a decent life, provide an impressive social package, provide free (but organized far from our model) medicine and education, and even abundantly produce fresh water for them.

How can sheikhs under such circumstances not be leaders of their people? After all, as the Arabs say, with the help of kindness and affection, even an elephant can be led by a thread.

language, flag

The official language in the UAE is Arabic. It shows films, prints newspapers, books, and publishes legal acts. This language is quite flexible. Having a primordially Arabic core, it is modified in accordance with the progress of society.

At the same time, local businesses widely use English for business correspondence and communication with contractors. In the country, British is the lingua franca. Also, among labor emigrants, their native languages ​​are used.

The flag of the UAE, as a state symbol, was adopted on December 2, 2017, the day the emirates were united into one state. Its four-color panel has a rectangular shape with an aspect ratio of 2 to 1.

A single vertical (others are horizontal) red stripe runs along the pole. To the right of it are green, white, black stripes. Each color carries a symbolic meaning. The red stripe, as it were, consolidates the flag of the UAE, it means the pride, strength and freedom of civil society. Green top - Islam, the state religion. White - morality and purity of the inhabitants of the country and, finally, black - its natural resources, in particular - oil.

Capital

The capital of the UAE - the millionth city of Abu Dhabi - is economic (56% of GDP), political, religious and cultural center states. It is built on an island connected to the mainland by three highways. The business district of the metropolis is located in its northern part, adjacent to the ultra-modern Corniche. The city is landscaped, it has more than two dozen parks, the greenery of which is fed with desalinated sea water. Abu Dhabi is built up mainly with modern low-rise buildings and villas.

The largest petrochemical, pipe-rolling, shipbuilding, cement production is located in the suburbs of the capital.

Economy

Words in the countries of Islam (unlike domestic politicians) are not just thrown into the wind. Once upon a time, the Supreme Council of the country, where there are no rivers, and instead of fertile lands - salt marshes, sands and rocks, announced that it would gradually turn it into an oasis. And the sheikhs, never tired of surprising the world with ambitious infrastructure facilities, are gradually fulfilling their promises. The advice of the wise emirs is really effective, adequate to the present. Speaking figuratively, the dynamic Eastern monarchs understood the time, because it can only be comprehended by being in motion.

In the UAE, there are no fewer representations of international corporations than in New York, London or Tokyo. According to the rating of countries, the economy of the UAE, a tiny country, ranks 31st in the world in terms of GDP produced, which in 2016 amounted to $ 375 billion, the value of goods and services produced in a year in this state.

The amount per capita per year is 67.7 thousand dollars, this is the ninth figure in the world. According to IMF experts, the country will maintain its growth dynamics until 2020.

The national currency of the UAE is called the Arab Dirham (AED). 100 fils equals one dirham. Until 1978, the dirham was pegged to the US dollar and is 0.27 of it. It is noteworthy that this rate has been maintained since the date of the introduction of the Emirati currency, that is, since 1973. And is it surprising? After all, Arabic wisdom from time immemorial says that good money should be like birds: fly away and fly in, which means that the country's exchange rate should be stable.

Industry

In the UAE, the industry has a pronounced oil and gas focus. However, state programs for its diversification still have their effect: 67% of the country's GDP is other goods and services, and not black gold or its products.

The UAE has developed aluminum production, light industry, the manufacture of metal structures and building materials, the energy industry, water desalination, dairy, meat, and fish industries.

The traditional (pre-oil) crafts of this country are the cultivation of date palms, pearl fishing, breeding of horses and camels, and fishing.

Since 2004, the Emirates has been a country of free trade with the United States, the domestic market is full of good, branded goods. The law of sheikhs forbids merchants from buying fakes. How can one not recall the words of the oldest Persian poet and scholar Abu Rudaki: "A wise man is drawn to good and peace, a fool is drawn to war and strife."

Tourism

The high tourist season here lasts from May to September. The air at this time warms up to 50 0 C in the shade. However, through the efforts of cunning sheikhs, an amazing infrastructure for tourism has been created here. The sages consistently fulfill their own task - to transform the climate, to make an oasis out of the desert.

Note that it is preferable for people who are sensitive to heat to visit the Land of the Sheikhs from October to April. At this time, the average monthly temperature is 21 0 C. The UAE is dynamically developing tourism as a branch of its economy. Arriving guests seem to plunge into a fairy tale on the land of the emirs. The largest cities and at the same time beach centers are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman and Sharjah. The best public beaches in the UAE, according to tourists, are Jumeirah Beach Park, Mamzer Beach, Burj Beach, Ghantoot Beach.

Guests of the country are amazed at how organically the traditions of Islam flow into the form of high-tech here, and how high-tech is filled with its content. This small country has the largest mosques in the world and the largest skyscrapers.

The majestic, domed marble Sheikh Zayed Mosque, built in honor of the first president of the UAE, amazes with its marble purity and whiteness. In ancient times, it would certainly be called a wonder of the world. Also surprising with its architecture is the largest temple in the Middle East - the mosque of King Faisal.

Younger tourists are attracted by other wonders of the world: skyscrapers exclusively built by the world's best architects, as well as the most picturesque islands artificially created according to intricate designs. East and through the millennium faithful to the tradition: to build new wonders of the world. Here you can see the largest artificial stalagmite in the world - the Burj Khalifa skyscraper, which has risen 800 meters high. Also unique is the Arabic analogy of the Leaning Tower of Pisa - the “falling” Capital Gate skyscraper. Famous in the world as the most expensive and most luxurious hotel "Sail" (Burj Al Arab Jumeirah), built by the brilliant British Thomas Wright.

The legendary gardens of Babylon would obviously pale in front of the greenery planted on the artificial Isles of Palms and lavishly watered with desalinated water.

Even the most charismatic fashionistas in the world do not consider it shameful to look at the most unique gold market located in Dubai. By the way, here, even in the hotel machine, you can exchange currency for gold.

Here are truly collected wonders of the world. Those who wish can go skiing in an indoor complex designed for the rest of 1,500 people, and the megamall in Sharjah is rightfully considered one of the largest in the world. Don't believe? Here, even an aquarium with five-meter sharks, stingrays and other marine life is not striking.

Labor migrants

It would seem: the richest people are these sheikhs. How do they manage to live in such a way that their subjects love them? Most likely, this is the royal oriental nobility and wisdom is really in their blood: do not neglect small people, because they help to rise.

The demographic policy of the UAE is of interest. The population of the country with an area of ​​83.6 thousand km 2 is 8.5 million people. If in 1975 a little more than half a million people lived here, then the 16-fold dynamics social development on the face. The moral foundations of the country of emirs prevent Arab citizens from doing menial work.

Almost 89% of the population are foreigners who have come for employment, they are happy to take on the poorly paid work here. They have a status that does not allow them to become citizens of this country, but they can pursue a career in the non-state sector. The UAE is considered one of the most liberal Arab powers. The population of the country, in proof of this thesis, is actively increasing.

Thus, less than every ninth person you meet in the Land of Sheikhs is its citizen. People from South Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh) make up more than half of the inhabitants of the UAE. The population of the state is also represented by:

• other immigrants from Asia (Arab countries, Thailand, China, Philippines);
• Europeans, Americans, Australians;
• Africans.

Not all Arabs in this country are its citizens. After all, many of them are labor emigrants in the UAE. The Arab population of the Country of Emirs, in addition to the indigenous people, is represented by people from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, and Bedouins.

Note: labor emigrants are grateful to the sheikhs for human conditions at work and for a decent amount of wages.

Indigenous people

There are about 950 thousand indigenous people, i.e. citizens, in the country, they work in the public sector, and many of them have their own business. Thus, the sheikhs implemented the fundamental formula: the citizens of the country dispose of its wealth as civil servants. And they get a very decent salary.

An Arab citizen of the Land of Sheikhs is guaranteed to receive at least 4,000 dollars in his first job. He, if he graduates from high school, is already paid 10 thousand greens a month. This amount is not yet the limit. What our civil servants call categories and ranks, which, interspersed with diplomas, are awarded for diligent work, in the UAE translates into a significant increase in the salaries of civil servants.

The most successful powers in the performance of power functions receive (for comparison) salaries of the same order as the heads of major structural divisions of Gazprom.

The economic and political power of the sheikhs is based on the well-being of the subjects, generated by the fair distribution of the GDP of this country. The richest reserves of oil are in its bowels, and the wise rulers are able to reasonably share with their fellow citizens the proceeds from its sale, stimulate their progress.

society

For us, this would be a paradox: the activities of political parties and trade unions are prohibited in the state. However, in this aspect, there is also wisdom that says, "Do not open a door that you cannot close." After all, often parties (and in the West - trade unions) initiate destructive consequences in society. Slogans like "What to do?" and "Who's to blame?" sometimes a killer is released from a bottle of bloody gin. Sheikhs initially ruled out such a possibility. However, they did this, initially ensuring the steady progress of the state. This scheme is ideal if the monarch manages to create a socially responsible society. And it works in the UAE.

In the Emirates, social policy is paid directly by the sheikhs, and not with the help of "gray funds", from which dishonest intermediaries draw money. This shows the strategic wisdom of their rulers. Petrodollars are directly poured into health care, into education, which are free for the indigenous citizens of this country.

The local army is also financed from a separate fund, without prejudice to the welfare of the people.

Religion

The religion of Islam determines the legal system and way of public life in the UAE. For the inhabitants of the Country of Emirs, the suras of the Koran leave a significant imprint on the state structure, social and cultural life. The five commandments of Islam are sacredly observed by Muslims.

Wherever there is an Arab - five times a day at the set time, the loudspeakers on the minarets call him to prayer. Business Muslims even install prayer applications on smartphones. Prayer rooms are equipped here and in supermarkets.

The laws of this Islamic state are based on the principles set forth in the Koran, and the Sharia court in the Land of Sheikhs also follows non-western classics - Roman law.

Citizens of this country celebrate the holidays of the UAE of two types: secular and related to religious tradition. The first few are:

• January 1 - New Year.
• August 6 - Throne Day of Zayed Al Nahyan.
• December 12 is the day of the formation of the state.

Some religious holidays are associated with certain events in the life of the Prophet Mohammed:

• migration from Mecca;
• birth;
• ascension.

Others are defined by other Muslim traditions:

• associated with the holy month of Ramadan, with its fasting and pacification of passions;
• spring (navruz);
• sacrifices (Eid-al-Adha);
• sorrow (Ashura).

The most significant holidays for Muslims in the UAE are the day of breaking the fast after Ramadan (Eid al-Fitr), the day of sacrifice (Eid al-Adha) and, of course, the holy month of Ramadan itself.

Conclusion

Worthy of respect is the wisdom of the rulers of the UAE, which led their people to prosperity. The emirs do not seek to strengthen the country in order to conquer foreign lands and expand power. They do not dream of a "nuclear club". The rulers simply seek the well-being of their people, rationally using natural resources. They are connected with the Western world mainly by economics.

The GDP of the UAE is really wisely distributed. The indigenous population is stimulated by him in all spheres of their life, and labor migrants are grateful to the sheikhs for the grateful work and its conditions. There are no state-level thieves in the Land of Sheikhs. The seven wise emirs will not allow a cunning oligarch to appear thanks to their money.

This is an extremely interesting experience of Muslim rule, giving the population promising jobs and free social benefits.

The United Arab Emirates is a relatively young federal state. The Federation was established on December 2, 1971. The structure includes 6 emirates - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Umm Al Quwain, Ajman and Fujairah. The Emirate of Ras al Khaimah became part of a year later, in 1972. Thus, the history of the United Arab Emirates covers the last 50 years. This story is fast and impetuous, unparalleled in terms of speed and pace of development. In a very short period of time, the country has turned from a desert into a developed state, where the most daring dreams and ideas come true. But more on that later.

Historical finds

Now I would like to go back many centuries and see what the territory of the modern United Arab Emirates was like in the past, who inhabited these lands, and what interesting history can bring us.

Let me start with an amazing discovery made by a group of German scientists from the University of Tübingen in the northeast of the United Arab Emirates. This discovery has expanded our understanding of the prehistoric period in the UAE. In the hilly range of Jebel Faya, an hour's drive from the Emirate of Sharjah, stone tools were found. The age of these tools is estimated at 120-130 thousand years. The owners of the found tools are modern people - Homo Sapiens, who penetrated the Arabian Peninsula through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. Scientists attributed these finds to the prehistoric period "Homo sapiens of the Middle Paleolithic." Also, not far from the Emirate of Sharjah, archaeologists have found artifacts dating back to the Neolithic, Iron and Bronze Ages.

The discoveries made on the territory of the United Arab Emirates turned the ideas of modern scientists about the path of human migration from the African continent upside down. Previously, most scientists believed that the first migration to Asia occurred 40-60 thousand years ago. Now this time period has doubled, reaching the figure of 120 thousand years ago.

From the depths of centuries

Now let's fast forward to ancient times. The United Arab Emirates is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, the coast of which was inhabited as early as the 5th millennium BC. e. Presumably, these were pastoral tribes from northern Arabia and the Syrian desert.

In the third millennium BC. The United Arab Emirates became part of the Magan civilization, which this moment practically not studied by modern historians. Presumably, this civilization was originally from Iran or Pakistan. The state of Magan actively traded copper with Mesopotamia.

Later, in the I-II centuries BC. on the territory of the modern United Arab Emirates lived ancient Semitic tribes, from which the ancient Arab people subsequently developed.

The territory of the United Arab Emirates is a sandy desert, where it is difficult to find water, where there is practically no vegetation. Only in rare green oases can you find water and grow date palms , where of the animals there are only camels. It was camels that became the basis for the survival of the inhabitants of these lands. Camels made it possible for the Bedouins to lead a nomadic life, helping them to travel long distances in search of water and food. Clothing was made from camel hair. Camel meat and milk were the main food of the Arabs.

The ancient history of the United Arab Emirates before the adoption of Islam is called by the locals “the time of jahiliyyah”, which means “time of ignorance” in Arabic. Islam came to these lands in the Middle Ages. In the 7th century AD small sheikhdoms, located along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf and the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Oman, became part of the Arab Caliphate, which spread Islam among the locals. During this period, the cities of Dubai, Sharjah, El Fujairah arose.

As the Caliphate weakened, the sheikhs received more and more autonomy. In the 8th century, many territories left the Arab Caliphate, becoming different time either wholly independent or partially dependent states. It was at this moment that the emirates, small states, were formed.

So the local sheikhs (emirates) lived until the 16th century, when they began to fall under the control of European powers. Initially, the territory of the UAE was captured by the Portuguese, and then by the British. European powers controlled maritime trade and port cities.

Bedouins, caravans, desert

While the world was developing, the local people mostly lived in the desert and traded with the help of camel caravans. The Bedouins survived as best they could and no one, in a rapidly developing world, did not care about them. They suffered from a very high temperature, they were tormented by thirst, they ate very simple, meager, monotonous food. The Bedouins had practically no educational institutions, there was no health care system, life expectancy was very short. During these times, Dubai was a small village, where the height of the houses did not exceed two floors.

The pearl trade helped the Arabs to survive. It was the pearl trade that occupied the lion's share in the economy of the emirates, accounting for approximately 95% of all revenues to the treasury. Dubai has been called the "pearl coast". But only divers for pearls know how hard it was to get it. The danger of being eaten by predatory fish in the Persian Gulf, sea salt that corroded the eyes, pressure drops, all this affected the health of the diver, leading to deafness and blindness. The life of a pearl diver was short, and the profession passed from generation to generation.

The two world wars, the crisis of 1929 and the introduction of synthetic Japanese pearls took a toll on the pearl industry in the United Arab Emirates.

Oil changed everything

In the 50s of the twentieth century, oil was found on the territory of the United Arab Emirates. It was the second key moment in the history of the country. No one even imagined that there was at least a drop of oil on the territory of the United Arab Emirates. But there was oil. And it was enough to exist comfortably.

By this time, the League of Arab States was actively fighting for the right of all Arab peoples for independence. International pressure forced the British to withdraw. But the British left these territories only by 1971. It was at this moment that the history of the UAE as an independent state began. In 1971, 6 emirates announced the creation of an independent state - the United Arab Emirates.

The rapid growth of the UAE economy, the sharp rise in prices for "black gold" in 1973 gave impetus to the country's unprecedented rapid development. The UAE has become one of the countries with the highest standard of living.

With a barrel price of $75, oil revenues were about $150 million a day. The government of the United Arab Emirates, headed by Sheikh Zayed, used this money very wisely. First of all, a course was taken to improve the lives of local residents. In the Emirates, they began to build houses, hospitals, schools, and began to import food. Enormous funds were spent on the construction of desalination plants. Now the United Arab Emirates ranks second after Saudi Arabia in terms of desalinated water produced.

Harmonious oasis of the future

The United Arab Emirates can be safely called a country of millionaires. It is simply impossible for a local resident to become poor, only in the case of a conscious rejection of all the benefits that the state provides him. Free water and electricity in homes, $100,000 wedding gifts for newlyweds, a piece of land, and a $20,000 birth subsidy for each child are just some of the examples of how the UAE government cares about its citizens.

The country has shown itself financially and militarily on the world stage. The latter made it possible to prevent military encroachments from neighboring countries. Iran once took advantage of the formation of a single state of the UAE and took three oil-rich islands for itself and never returned them to the Emirates.

In order to avoid dependence on the "oil needle", the government of the United Arab Emirates made a wise decision to differentiate the economy and invest money in different projects around the world.

Huge investments are directed to the construction and tourism sectors, to the development Agriculture and in the field of trade. Lots of international companies opened subsidiaries and representative offices in the United Arab Emirates.

At the moment, oil revenues account for 18% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates, tourism brings about the same amount to the country. The main source of income for the UAE is trade and financial transactions.

Differentiating the country's economy, the United Arab Emirates wanted to create something durable and stable, and, it must be admitted, they succeeded in this.

High revenues from oil exports and far-sighted management of money ensured the prosperity and development of the UAE in all areas of the economy. Now the United Arab Emirates is one of the richest countries in the world. And although the majority of the population of the United Arab Emirates at the moment are immigrants, local residents control all sources of income in the country.

Now it’s hard for all of us to imagine that just recently, instead of roads with multi-level interchanges, luxury hotels, beautiful parks and unique sights, there was an endless desert and lonely Bedouin villages.

, Sharjah and Fujairah . The territory of the emirates has long been a haven for pirates, because of this it received the name. Pirate Coast. At the beginning of the XIX century. British authorities in India began open hostilities against the coastal Arab tribes, culminating in the signing of a number of treaties with local rulers and the establishment of a British protectorate (from 1853 to Negotiated Oman ). In 1971, six principalities proclaimed the creation of an independent federal state of the UAE, which was joined in 1972 by Ras al-Khaimah. The head of the federation is the president (one of the emirs), the legislative power belongs to the Federal nat. council (only advisory functions).
The northern coast is occupied by deserts, the coast is indented by bays and framed by small islands and coral reefs. On SW. low mountains (Yibir, 1934 m). Summer is very hot. Precipitation is scarce, falls irregularly, in the main. in the mountains, where sudden oncoming storms sometimes cause significant destruction. On the back mountain slopes oases. The population is more than 2.4 million people. (2001), mainly Arabs, as well as immigrants from Pakistan, Iran, India and other countries. Immigrants make up approx. 3/4 inhabitants. State. language - Arabic, religion - Islam (80% - Sunnis, 16% - Shiites). Population density 27 people. per 1 km², 85% of the townspeople. Oil production (Abu Dhabi - 83%, Dubai - 15%), oil refining, production of steel, aluminum, fertilizers, cement, plastics for machine tools and clothing, construction and repair of ships. Large gas reserves (approx. 4% of the world). Dates, vegetables, cereals are grown; developed birds, livestock, fish. Main trade. and prom. Center - Dubai. Good road network. In 1988, the port of Jebel Ali was opened with the world's largest artificial harbor. Sea resorts. Cash unit - dirham.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

A federation of 7 independent states lying along the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. The federation includes Abu Dhabi (Abu Zabu), Ajman, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Qawain, Sharjah, Al Fujairah. Previously, their territory was called the "Coast of Pirates". In the north, the state borders on Qatar, in the west and south - on Saudi Arabia. In the north it is washed by the Persian Gulf, in the east - by the Gulf of Oman. The area of ​​the country is about 77,700 km2.
The population (estimated in 1998) is about 2,303,000 people, with an average population density of about 30 people per km2. Ethnic groups: Arabs - 42%, Iranians, Pakistanis, Indians. Language: Arabic (state), others. Religion: Muslims (of which Shiites - 16%, the rest Sunnis) - 80%, Christians, Hindus. The capital is Abu Dhabi. Largest cities: Abu Dhabi (605,000 people in 1990), Dubai (266,000 people in 1990). The state structure is a federation of emirates. The head of state is the President, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Ad Nahyan (in office since December 2, 1971, re-elected in 1991). The head of government is Prime Minister Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashed Al Maktoum (in office since November 20, 1990). The monetary unit is the dirham. Average life expectancy (for 1998): 73 years - men, 75 years - women. The birth rate (per 1,000 people) is 18.6. Mortality rate (per 1000 people) - 3.1.
Since 1883, the states that make up the federation have been called "Treaty States" or Oman Treaty, since then a treaty was signed between them and Great Britain in order to eradicate piracy in the region. Until 2 December 1971, the states were under British military protection. On December 2, 1971, the state gained full independence under the name of the United Arab Emirates. In February 1994, the President of the country introduced Sharia law to deal with the following crimes: murder, theft, adultery, drug use and sale. The country is a member of the UN, World Bank, IMF, ILO, Arab League, OPEC.
The sights of the country are the famous markets and one of the largest duty-free shops at the Dubai International Airport.

Encyclopedia: cities and countries. 2008 .

United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a state in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. The area of ​​the UAE is 83.6 thousand sq. km; population 4.4 million people. In the Emirates, there are twice as many men as women, the city dwellers make up 76% of the country's population. The UAE is a federal state that emerged in 1971 as a result of the unification of six Arab principalities: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain and Fujairah. In 1972, the principality of Ras al-Khaimah joined them. The largest emirate - Abu Dhabi - occupies 85% of the territory, one third of the population of the UAE lives here. The capital of the UAE is the city of Abu Dhabi. Dubai is considered to be the trade and tourist capital of the emirates.
The Emirates occupy a crescent-shaped strip of deserts with oases stretching mainly along the coast of the shallow Persian Gulf, as well as the deep Gulf of Oman of the Indian Ocean. Low-lying plains predominate, in the east - the spurs of the Hajar mountains (1127 m), in the west - rocky deserts. In the south, in the desert, the UAE borders on Saudi Arabia (cm. Saudi Arabia), in the west - with the Emirate of Qatar, in the east, the extreme ledge of land near the Strait of Hormuz (Muscat) is occupied by the enclave of Oman a.
All emirates are absolute monarchies, only in Abu Dhabi there are advisory bodies - the Cabinet and the National Advisory Council, which brings this emirate closer to a constitutional monarchy. Each emirate has its own government and administrative bodies. The rulers of the emirates make up the legislative body - the Supreme Council, which elects the president and vice-president of the federation for a period of two years. The president appoints the prime minister and members of the cabinet. The Federal Council of Ministers, headed by the President, is accountable to the Supreme Council. The Federal National Council consists of 40 representatives from each emirate and is an advisory body. Since the founding of the UAE in 1971, the head of state has been Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who has ruled Abu Dhabi since 1966. His deputy in the Supreme Council of the seven Emirates sheikhs is the ruler of Dubai.
The basis of the country's economy is the export-oriented oil and gas industry. The oil refining, petrochemical, metallurgical (aluminum smelting), and cement industries are developing. The traditional occupations of the population are fishing, pearling, handicrafts (making carpets, woolen fabrics, chasing gold and silver items), oasis agriculture (date palms, gardens, cereals, mainly in Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah and Umm al-Qaywaine) and nomadic animal husbandry (in most of the territory). The Emirate of Abu Dhabi plays a leading role in the development of the UAE economy. Trade and financial center of the UAE - Dubai. Seaports: Jebel Ali (Dubai), Rashid (Dubai), Zeid (Abu Dhabi), Mina Khaled (Sharjah). International airports: Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Fujairah. The monetary unit is the federal dirham (since May 1973).
natural conditions
The location of the country in tropical latitudes determines its climate. The average monthly temperatures here range from +18 °C; sometimes dropping to +10 °C, in winter up to +35 °C, sometimes rising to +48 °C in summer. The arid subtropical climate provides blue clear skies all year round. In the east, in Fujairah, summers are somewhat cooler and more humid due to the proximity of the ocean and mountains. Precipitation is about 100 mm per year, in the mountains - 300-400 mm per year.
There are no permanent rivers. Temporary streams flow through the valleys, most of the year they are dry channels - wadis. Significant areas are occupied by salt marshes and sandy deserts, the vegetation here is mostly sparse, consisting of dry herbs and shrubs. Acacia, tamarisk grow in oases, date and coconut palms, grapes, lemon trees, cereals, and tobacco are cultivated. The country is located in the atmospheric tropical maximum zone, so you can not be afraid of the impact of climate on blood pressure, but it is desirable to have healthy kidneys.
In addition to the large oases of the coast - Abu Dhabi, Dubai-Rashid-Sharjah, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaimah, El-Fujairah, as well as stretching away from it - Qatar Et-Tarifa, Ez-Zanna, there are also oases located inland, among which Buraimi is the most significant. Very beautiful ocean coast in Fujairah. The most picturesque are the rocky outskirts of the Hatta fortress, a two-hour drive from Dubai, the Al Ain oasis and the Healy oasis near Buraimi. In the UAE, migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia find shelter in winter, and the paths of those who fly further also pass through these places.
Story
In the 7th century, the southern coast of the Persian Gulf became part of the Arab Caliphate, which spread Islam among the locals. During this period, the cities of Dubai, Sharjah, El Fujairah arose. As the central authority in the Caliphate weakened, local tribal leaders - sheikhs increasingly felt themselves to be independent rulers. In the 10th-11th centuries, Eastern Arabia was part of the Karmatian state, and after its collapse fell under the influence of Oman.
Europeans rushed to the Persian Gulf at the end of the 15th century. The Portuguese were the first to gain a foothold here, having conquered Hormuz, Bahrain and Julfar (the modern emirate of Ras al-Khaimah). Since the 18th century, the population of the coastal Arab principalities, which was mainly engaged in coastal trade, has been drawn into the struggle with the English East India Company, whose ships monopolized cargo flows between the ports of the Persian Gulf and deprived the inhabitants of the main source of livelihood. This led to ongoing conflicts between the East India Company and the local Arab population, which the British called pirates, and the region of the principalities - "Pirate Coast".
The East India Company constantly sent military expeditions to the Persian Gulf, and in 1820 forced the emirs and sheikhs of seven Arab principalities to sign the "General Treaty", which marked the beginning of English dominance in this territory and the final division of Oman into three parts - the Imamate of Oman, the Sultanate of Muscat and "Pirate Coast". Since 1853, these principalities have been called Oman Trucial
British military bases were established on the territory of the principalities (in particular, on the territory of the principality of Sharjah). Political power was exercised by an English political agent. The establishment of the English protectorate did not lead to the destruction of the patriarchal system. The locals continued to hold on to ancient traditions. They could not offer serious resistance to the colonialists, due to their small number and constant civil strife between different clans. The dominant tribe in these territories was and is the Bani-yaz tribe, which originally inhabited the fertile oases of Liwa and Al Ain (the current emirate of Abu Dhabi). In 1833, one of the tribes of the Bani-yaz - the clan of Maktums - migrated from the oases and settled in Dubai, declaring the independence of the city. This is how the Maktoum dynasty was founded, which rules the emirate of Dubai.
In the early 1920s, cities in Trucial Oman developed a struggle for independence, reaching a particular scale in Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah. At the same time, the richest oil reserves were discovered in the Persian Gulf. In 1922, the British established control over the right of sheikhs to grant concessions for oil exploration and production. However, there was no oil production in Trucial Oman, and the main income for the principalities was brought by the trade in "fish eye" - pearls. With the start of oil production in the 1950s, foreign investment began to flow into the region, and income from the oil trade made it possible to significantly raise the standard of living of the local population. But the principalities remained under the British protectorate, which was opposed in 1964 by the League of Arab States, which declared the right of the Arab peoples to full independence.
In 1968, after the publication of the decision of the Labor government of Great Britain on its intention to withdraw British troops from the areas located east of Suez, including from the Persian Gulf zone, by the end of 1971, the principalities signed an agreement on the formation of a federation of Arab principalities of the Persian Gulf. This federation was supposed to include Bahrain and Qatar, but later they formed independent states. On December 2, 1971, six of the seven emirates of Trucial Oman announced the creation of the federation of the United Arab Emirates. The seventh emirate, Ras Al Khaimah, joined in 1972.
The granting of independence coincided with the rapid rise in prices for oil and oil products, which made it easier for the new state to take independent steps in the field of economy and foreign policy. Thanks to petrodollars and successful investment in the development of industry, agriculture, the formation of numerous free economic zones, the UAE was able to achieve economic prosperity in the shortest possible time. The ancient history of the emirates is reflected in numerous archeological monuments in the UAE. So, the ancient caravan stop in Buraimi brought surprises - archaeological finds in the Khili oasis, numbering 5 millennia.
In each of the capitals of the emirates there are palaces of rulers, old fortresses. Buildings have special "wind towers" for ventilation. For example, in Dubai - the main economic center of the country, they have the ancient palace of Sheikh Saed, the grandfather of the current ruler. The old Al Fahidi Fort, built in the last century, houses the Dubai Museum. It contains a rich exposition of the emirate's past. The former palace-fortress of the emir in Al-Fujairah has not yet been reconstructed. There are many monuments of modern Arab architecture in the Emirates (the Jumeirah Mosque in Dubai). Ajman is one of the few, if not the only place where ancient Arab sailboats are still being made, on which Sinbad the Sailor sailed.
Tourism
The beaches in the emirates are one of the most popular places among Russian tourists. The sun warms up the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf well. Almost all the best hotels are located near the sea and have their own beaches. You can also pay attention to the land side: go on a safari to the desert, rush by car along the dunes or sandy wadis, ride a sand surfboard from the crest of a dune, watch camel races, and finally, sit near a fire in an oasis, watching traditional Arabic dances and listening to their songs. Every week in the largest cities there are traditional horse races - the "sport of kings", the most popular here. You can sign up for a golf club or go explore some mountain stronghold. In the area of ​​​​the ancient fortress of Hatta, above the wadi, a modern mountain resort is equipped, the only one in the UAE. Returning to the sea, you can ride a yacht, fish or go to watch competitions in traditional sports that came here from Europe.
The largest cities in the UAE are Dubai, Abu Dhabi,

Let's move on to the capital of the UAE, the richest emirate that cannot be ignored.

Abu Dhabi.

The competitive spirit in the Emirates is everywhere. How many times in the last story did I use the words “most. in the world"? The tallest building, the most expensive hotel, the largest store, etc. No one has competed with the UAE for a long time. The President said that if someone builds a building higher than the Burj Khalifa, he will remove the antenna and add a few more floors. There is a back-up plan for everything. Therefore, the emirates have to compete with each other. Although Abu Dhabi is the richest state and does not consider it necessary to participate in an unspoken race for leadership, it still rebuffs Dubai.

First, Abu Dhabi is the greenest emirate. As soon as you cross the city limits, it is impossible not to notice. A real oasis in the desert. By the way, the maintenance of one adult palm tree costs the authorities $ 2,000 a year. At the same time watering and fertilizer is controlled by a computer.

Secondly, there is one of the largest mosques in the world. I would add it to the list of wonders of the world. She is incredibly beautiful!

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Sheikh Zayed Mosque.

Unfortunately, I couldn't get inside. Still, I had a work trip, and I didn’t have enough time for it. I hope to visit it in the future. I can only say that there is the largest chandelier in the world, weighing 9 tons, and the largest handmade carpet. The carpet was woven by 1200 people in Iran for 2 years. The cost of this masterpiece comes to $ 8.2 million.

Thirdly, in Abu Dhabi is the most expensive hotel in the world Emirates Palace. This is the answer to Dubai Sail. I will write a separate post about the hotel, because it is worth attention. You can read.

It should be noted that opposite Emirates Palace there are 4 skyscraper towers, mostly office buildings, but one of them houses the Etihad Towers hotel.

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And fourthly, in Abu Dhabi there is a whole island of Yas entertainment. There is a one-of-a-kind Ferrari World amusement park, a Formula-1 track that hosts Grand Prix every year, as well as a brand new Yas Waterland water park, where 43 water attractions are waiting for you, united by one theme. Compared to Dubai water parks, don't even think about it, take a ticket to Abu Dhabi and spend the whole day at Yas Waterland. The cost of an adult ticket for the whole day is about $70.

I think these factors should already be enough not to think about a trip to Abu Dhabi.

In addition to all these impressions, I was lucky to personally meet the President's brother Khalifa ibn Zayn Al Nahyan. Specially upon arrival, I found his photo on the Internet and his name :)

What I liked is that the government is close to the people here. Quite an ordinary armored car, there was still a car with security in the back. The local sheikh (and here, by the way, all the men look like sheikhs) came out, he was not surrounded by a crowd of bodyguards, greeted us, exchanged a few words and went to drink coffee. And now let's remember which of us has at least once communicated with Putin or Medvedev? Yes, we won’t even see them behind the wall from the guards. And when Vladimir Vladimirovich leaves somewhere with his cortege, they block the whole of Moscow! Face difference. However, laws do work in the Emirates. The country is very strict and safe. For example, the death penalty is allowed here. Not so long ago, an Englishman was executed for bringing drugs into the country. The British Embassy could not even do anything. And I think it's right. This makes it much easier for people to follow the rules. Spat gum on the street - paid $ 50. You won't spit next time.

And I'll tell you a little about the cars. I have never seen such a collection of luxury cars anywhere. Each hotel has 2-3 Ferraris or Lamborghinis. But few people know that more often a license plate costs more than the car itself.

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The number is bought in the property. It can be sold, indicated in a will, donated, but more often it remains in the family and is inherited. The fewer numbers, the more expensive it is. Therefore, men often show off to each other not with cars, but with numbers. The simplest are five-digit. The sheikh's relatives all have two digits in the number, well, and the president himself has a car with a number - 1. Despite the fact that the number indicates a position in society, it does not give any privileges on the road.

Fujairah.

On the third day we went to one of the distant emirates - Fujairah. The bus trip took a little over 2 hours. The landscapes are quite boring - the desert. But when approaching the destination, mountains and gorges begin to appear. You can take a couple of good shots.

The main highlight for which it is worth going here is the Indian Ocean. In a story about Dubai, I wrote that the water temperature in the Persian Gulf was about 30 degrees, so the ocean was just a salvation!

Huge waves and comfortable water - for me this is the perfect formula for relaxation. We stayed at Le Meridien Al Aqah Beach 5 *. Regarding the hotel, I will say that this is my favorite chain, so I always and everywhere sing an ode to love to them. :) The beach here is magnificent, service, maintenance, food, rooms - everything is at the highest level! And I will give advice if someone is tempted by the ocean and decides to relax here: when staying at a hotel, it is better to take the All Inclusive system, because there is nothing around except the ocean, desert and mountains. You can go to the city of Fujairah itself, but often you don’t run into it. Diving is a popular pastime here. There are a lot of schools, both for beginners and for pros.

It is worth going here for a quiet secluded vacation. The main advantage of Fujairah is nature. But there is something to see: the oldest mosque in the Emirates, the former sheikh's palace, a couple of forts and museums. In general, if you are tired of the noise of the city, then you are here.

Sharjah.

Sharjah is considered a suburb of Dubai and is a short drive from it. The main advantage is more budgetary coastal hotels, and the beaches here are no worse. Sharjah is called the cultural capital of the Emirates for its large number of museums, the first comprehensive school in the UAE and the largest mosque donated by the King of Saudi Arabia.

Sharjah is a very green and pleasant emirate, but with very strict rules. The first and most important thing that a Russian tourist needs to know about Sharjah is that the strictest dry law applies here. Alcohol is not found even in the hotel bar. I am silent about shops and restaurants. I talked with one tourist, and she told me an interesting story: a couple who were vacationing in Sharjah decided to drink a bottle of semi-sweet in their room. The bottle was left in the trash can, and in the morning they went to sunbathe. Back in the room, a maid and a couple of policemen were waiting for them. A law-abiding hotel worker, having found an empty bottle in the garbage, waited for the tourists, called the police, and they rolled out a hefty fine to them. The moral is: don't drink in Sharjah, obey the law.

What can not be said about Dubai. There are plenty of liquor stores around the city. Let me remind you that there are no taxes here, so alcohol is cheaper than in Duty Free. Well, there are plenty to choose from. But a couple of cocktails at the bar will cost a pretty penny.

Everyone chooses a vacation to their liking, but it’s worth a trip to Sharjah, there is something to see here. Especially if you go very close.

Ras Al Khaimah.

Emirate an hour from Dubai. I know for sure that during the tourist season direct charters are sent here from Moscow, which is very convenient. Again, the level of hotels is simpler, the price is lower than in Dubai. But there is no prohibition here, and they don’t find fault with clothes as much as in Sharjah. I remember that it is very beautiful here: the feeling that all the hotels and houses are in the same style, a lot of greenery and amazing nature. But most of all I remember the hookah. God! What a hookah! We smoked it at the Al Hamra Village 4 * hotel, where we stayed for the night.