Every year, the Russian Bird Conservation Union chooses the bird of the year. The main criteria for selection are: the distribution of the bird in most of the country, recognition and the need for human help.
brown-headed tit under the Latin name Parus cinereus montanus was first described in 1827 by the Swedish naturalist Thomas Conrad von Baldenstein.
For some time, the puff was attributed to the genus of tits. But in 2005, after a study of the DNA of chickadees, the American Society of Ornithologists took the initiative to return Poecile to the rank of genus, as was customary at the end of the 19th century, and to call the powder Poecile montanus.
The brown-headed chickadee is a typical inhabitant of forests; it can be found in forest parks if there are dry trees. Cutting down dry trees leads to a sharp reduction in the population of chickadees, as they lose their nesting sites.
Unlike other types of tits, the brown-headed titmouse itself can hollow out a hollow in trees with soft, easily decaying wood under natural conditions (aspen, alder, birch). Sometimes it occupies empty nests of other hollow-nesters. In artificial nesting places, puffs settle very rarely.
The titmouse is the most numerous type of tit after the great tit. It is a small bird with a dark brown cap on its head. Length 12-14 cm, weight 9-14 g, wingspan 16-22 cm. Scientists have calculated that out of every 1000 hatched chicks, two-thirds die.
The population size is maintained due to the large number of eggs laid (up to 9 in one pair). Longest duration life up to 9 years. Leads a sedentary lifestyle. Rarely found in populated areas.
The nut has interesting feature: immediately after feeding the chicks, she begins to stock up on food. These can be different seeds, for example, spruce and pine seeds, various spiders and insects. Moreover, in its nesting territory, the bird can hide stocks several times.
The brown-headed tit is of great benefit by eating pests of pine and spruce. This fragile bird preys on insects that are inaccessible to woodpeckers, because. can safely balance on thin twigs.
There are several species in the genus Gaichka. When using photos from the Internet to design presentations or booklets, it is necessary to distinguish the brown-headed tit from its relatives: black-headed and gray-headed.
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The Union for the Protection of Birds of Russia (SOPR) has chosen the bird of the year 2017
brown-headed nut.
This bird is also called the puffball,
for the manner of strongly fluffing plumage in cold weather.
The titmouse is the most numerous type of tit, after the great tit. This is a small bird with a wingspan of 16-22 cm and a weight of 9-14 g.
Contrary to the name of the bird, her head is not brown, but black, although duller than that of the black-headed, or marsh, tit. Black color occupies the entire upper part of the head and even slightly captures the neck. The rest of the plumage of the upper body, as well as the wings and tail, are gray, while the cheeks, chest and belly are white.
Since autumn, these tits are often kept in common flocks with other tits, pikas and nuthatches. They examine both coniferous and deciduous trees and, more often than other tits, jump to the ground to look for food among fallen leaves in autumn, and in winter - snow surfaces.
It is very easy to see the traces of gaitches jumping in the snow. The size of its paw print is noticeably smaller than that of the great tit, and slightly larger than that of our other tits - blue tit, grenadier and Muscovy. Moving through the snow, she lowers her paw not from above, but slightly dragging it along the surface, with a drag. Therefore, the length of the imprint on the snow often turns out to be slightly longer than the supporting surface of the foot.
In summer, you will not find powdery powder near a human dwelling.Until July, young titmouses are tied to the nest, later they will unite in noisy, cheerful flocks with kinglets and other small birds. Until winter, they roam from place to place. In winter, when there is not enough food for the birds, they can be seen in city parks, gardens, near water bodies. The food of the brown-headed tit is very diverse - these are mainly caterpillars, weevils and spiders.
Like some other types of tits, chickadees store food in summer and early autumn. The tendency to store food in puffs is very pronounced. Throughout the year, they hide part of the food they find. Food storage can be observed even in winter, it would seem, under the most unfavorable feeding conditions. Young plums begin to hide food as early as July.
Powder puffs hide their reserves in a wide variety of places: on coniferous and deciduous trees, less often on bushes, stumps, and even on the ground at the base of the trunks. Hidden food is sometimes covered with a piece of bark or lichen. In a day, one pichuga can equip and fill up to two thousand of these pantries!
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However, the chickadees apparently do not remember the location of the stocks and find the hidden food by chance. The use of reserves sometimes begins almost immediately after they are stockpiled. Part of the stocks found by the birds are eaten, part is hidden again. Due to this constant re-hiding, the food is distributed more or less evenly over the area of the plot.
BROWN HEAD BIRD OF THE YEAR 2017
Neverova N.F. - teacher of biology MBOU secondary school No. 17
city of Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk region.
Dear friends!
Happy New Year!
May all the most cherished desires come true this year, may the year be peaceful, successful and prosperous!
And if any trouble happens, let's wish each other not to lose heart, just as the puff never loses heart in the most severe winter frosts.
Happy New Year 2017, the year of the puff and the rooster!
Russian Bird Conservation Union
Brown-headed chickadee - bird of the year 2017
The year 2016 is over, and the title of the bird of the year is moving from a bright and catchy hoopoe to a modest brown-headed chickadee, or puff.
How did this little bird deserve such an honor
Despite its fragile constitution, it can be a symbol of successful resistance to difficulties: this little bird winters not only in central European Russia, but also in Yakutia, at the "pole of cold", where frosts down to minus 50 degrees are not uncommon. In severe winters, the brown-headed tit is saved by the food reserves created in the warm season. Ornithologists have calculated that from spring to autumn, one chickadee stores up to 15 kg of winter stock (mainly spruce seeds) in secluded places - about half a million food items. To successfully winter, 300,000 such objects are enough, but instinct tells you to play it safe - part of the reserves cannot be found in winter.
This bird received the popular name "powder" for the fact that in the cold it fluffs up its plumage, turning into a plump, loose ball. The brown-headed tit is a typical forest inhabitant; in cities it can only be found in forest parks.
Relentless statistics show that in the first year of life, out of 1000 chickadees, only a third survive, about 50 birds manage to live up to 5 years, and only three - up to 6-7 years. The maximum known lifespan of a puff is 9 years.
The breeding season begins in April - May, in July the flying chicks appear. The nest is arranged in a rotten trunk or stump of a dead tree (usually birch, aspen, alder, larch) at a height of up to 3 m above the ground. Like the crested tit, the brown-headed tit prefers to hollow out (or rather pluck out) the nest on its own, however, in case of failure, it can use ready-made natural voids or old nests of khokhlushki, small spotted woodpecker or your own, having previously deepened and cleaned the hollow.
BREEDING
Basic construction material- pieces of bark, birch bark, strips of soaked bast, sometimes wool and a small amount of feathers. After the completion of construction, a break is made for 1-5 days. Clutch of 5-9 eggs, with rare exceptions once a year. The eggs are white with reddish-brown spots and speckles, often thicker at the blunt end. Egg sizes: (15-16) x (12-13) mm. The female incubates for 13-15 days, while the male feeds her and guards the territory. Sometimes the female will leave the nest and forage for herself.
Chicks hatch asynchronously, usually over two or three days.
FOOD
It feeds on small invertebrates and their larvae, as well as seeds and fruits. In summer, the diet of adult birds is divided approximately equally between animal and vegetable food, and in winter, up to three quarters consists of food of plant origin, mainly seeds of coniferous trees - pine, spruce and juniper.
The fact is that the brown-headed titmouse reacts more sharply than all hollow-nesting birds to a picnic with fires (because in this situation, small dry trees are cut down first of all, which it needs for nesting). The brown-headed titmouse disappears from the forests in which sanitary cuttings were carried out, after drainage work, does not tolerate park improvement carried out in its habitats.
In 2017, declared in Russia the Year of Specially Protected Natural Territories and the Year of Ecology, caring for the brown tit will help us all not only form the ecological culture of the population, but also preserve the world for people and birds.
LET'S FIND THE BEAK OF THE BROWN HEAD
nuthatch
ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS
- What does the brown-headed chickadee eat?
- Why she deserves the title of "Bird of the Year"
- Did you like brown-headed chickadee? What exactly?
Tit family (Paridae)
Other species in this family:
Black-headed tit
crested tit
Moskovka
Blue tit
great tit
Black-headed tit
The puffball is very similar to the black-headed tit, differs from it in voice and some color features: the “cap” on the back of the head goes further to the neck and is matte, not shiny; the black spot under the beak is wider and resembles a "bib", there is a light area on the wing, formed by the light edges of the secondary flight feathers. There is no sexual dimorphism.
The song of the puff is a repeating sequence of gentle and sad sounds, more characteristic is the sonorous, slightly nasal call (usually it is conveyed in syllables: “qiqi-jee-jee”), which the bird uses very often.
DRAW THE BIRD OF THE YEAR
grayish brown plumage
"Hat" on the back of the head is matte black.
black spot under beak
Cheeks whitish. The sides of the neck are also whitish, but have a slight buffy tinge.
light area on the wing,
light edges of secondary flight feathers.
Name the bird under the number of the New Year's toy
brown-headed gadette
waxwing
nuthatch
great tit
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
- And source
- http ://www.rbcu.ru/news/press/32900 /
- Wikipedia. brown-headed tit
- Personal observations.
- internet clip art
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
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Drilling nut Made by a student of the MBOU Sovkhozskaya OSH Shitikov Nikita On the eve of the week of "natural science"
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Description or appearance. A small bird of dense build, with a large head, short neck and inconspicuous grayish-brown plumage. Body length 12-14 cm, wingspan 16-22 cm, weight 9-14 g. The top of the head and the back of the head are dull black (but not brown, as the name suggests), while the cap goes far back on the front of the back. The rest of the top - most of the back, shoulders, middle and small wing coverts, loin and rump are brownish-gray. The greater coverts are the same color, but darker in the middle part. The cheeks covering the ears are whitish. The sides of the neck are also whitish, but have a slight buffy tinge. The front of the throat is marked with a large black spot - a "shirt-front". The underparts are off-white, with a slight buffy tinge on the flanks and undertail. The beak is dark brown, the legs are dark gray.
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The Voice of the Puff The vocal repertoire of the puff is not as diverse as that of the closely related black-headed tit. There are two main types of song: demonstrative, which is used to attract a partner, and territorial, to mark the nesting site. The demonstrative song is a series of measured melancholy whistles “tii..tii..tii…” or “tii..tii..tii…” at the same pitch or with a rise in tone. This whistle, performed by a male and a female, differs somewhat among the lowland and mountain populations, but may include variations of both types.
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Distribution The distribution area covers the zone of forests of Eurasia to the east of Great Britain and the central regions of France (the Seine basin, the middle and lower reaches of the Loire) to the coast of the Pacific Ocean and the Japanese Islands. In the north, it occurs up to the border of woody vegetation, reaching the forest-tundra - in Scandinavia and Finland up to 69-70 ° N. sh., the European part of Russia and Western Siberia to the Yenisei to 68 ° N. sh., east to the 66th parallel.
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Habitat Less than other tits, it tends to anthropogenic landscapes and is rarely found near human habitation. The main biotope is mountain and plain coniferous and mixed forests with pine, spruce and larch, often deaf, swampy areas and floodplains. In Siberia, it inhabits continuous dark coniferous taiga, sphang bogs, willow forests and alder shrubs on the northern border of the tundra. In the forest-steppe of Southern Siberia, it settles among plantings of Siberian cedar. In Central Europe, it occurs mainly in floodplain forests among shrubs, in small groves, on the edges. In the mountains it occurs up to the border of woody vegetation - in Europe on average up to 2000 m, in Altai up to 2300 m, in the Chinese Tien Shan up to 2745 m above sea level. Outside the breeding season, it also rises much higher - for example, in Tibet, meetings of puffs have been recorded at an altitude of 3840 and 3960 m above sea level.
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Reproduction The breeding season begins in April - May, in July the flying chicks appear. Pairs are formed in the winter in the first year of life and, as a rule, persist until one of the partners dies. During courtship, the male sings and chases the female, both birds shake their wings and arch. Mating is preceded by a demonstrative offering of food, accompanied by the murmur of the male and the calls of the female. It nests in the same area up to 9 ha, which it guards throughout the year. The nest is arranged in a rotten trunk or stump of a dead tree (usually birch, aspen, alder, larch) at a height of up to 3 m above the ground. Often the nest is located very low, at a height of no more than a meter. Like the crested tit, the brown-headed tit prefers to hollow out (or rather pluck out) the nest on its own, however, in case of failure, it can use ready-made natural voids or old nests of khokhlushki, lesser spotted woodpecker, or its own, after deepening and cleaning the hollow. Rarely occupied by gayno squirrels, and only in exceptional cases artificial hollows.
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Feeding Feeds on small invertebrates and their larvae, as well as seeds and fruits. In summer, the diet of adult birds is divided approximately equally between animal and vegetable food, and in winter, up to three quarters consists of food of plant origin, mainly seeds of coniferous trees - pine, spruce and juniper. Young animals are fed with caterpillars of butterflies, spiders and sawfly larvae, followed by the addition of plant foods. Adult individuals in large quantities eat spiders, small beetles (especially weevils), butterflies at all stages of development, homoptera, hymenoptera (bees, wasps), hemipterans and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes, midges). It also feeds on lacewings, caddisflies, ants, millipedes, harvestmen, mites, earthworms and snails.
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Taxonomy and subspecies The brown-headed tit, under the Latin name Parus cinereus montanus, was first described in 1827 by the Swiss naturalist Thomas Conrad von Baldenstein. Until recently, most authors considered all chickadees as a subgenus Poecile of the larger genus Titmouse (Parus), and the brown-headed chickadee was called Parus montanus. This name is still widely used in the world, however, an analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome-b gene sequence, conducted in 2005 by a group of American molecular biologists, showed a more distant relationship of this group of birds to the rest of the tits than previously thought. As a result, the American Society of Ornithologists took the initiative to return Poecile to the rank of genus, as was customary at the end of the 19th century, and to call the powdery Poecile montanus.
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References and literature Vertebrates of Russia - Brown-headed chickadee Parus montanus Baldenstein, 1827 "Nature of Baikal". Brown-headed nut. Dementiev, G. P.; Gladkov, N. A. Birds Soviet Union. - Soviet Science, 1954. - V. 5. - 803 p. Koblik, E. A. Diversity of birds (based on the exposition of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University). - M.: MGU Publishing House, 2001. - T. Volume 4. - ISBN 5-211-04072-4. Malchevsky A. S., Pukinsky Yu. B. Birds of the Leningrad region and adjacent territories. - L.: Publishing house of the Leningrad University, 1983. Mikheev, AV Biology of birds. Field guide to bird nests. - M.: Enlightenment, 1975. - 171 p. Rogacheva, E. V. Birds of Central Siberia. Distribution, abundance, zoogeography. - M.: Nauka, 1988. - 310 p. - ISBN 5-02-005252-3. Ryabitsev, V.K. Birds of the Urals, the Urals and Western Siberia: A reference guide. - Yekaterinburg: Ural Publishing House. un-ta, 2001. - 608 p. - ISBN 5-7525-0825-8. Stepanyan, L.S. Synopsis of the ornithological fauna of Russia and adjacent territories. - Moscow: Akademkniga, 2003. - 808 p. - ISBN 5-94628-093-7. von Baldenstein, T. C. Der Vogelbauer nebst Anmerkungen über die Naturgesch. - Calven-Verlag, 1981. - T. XI-XIX. Gosler, Andrew; Clement, Peter. Family Paridae (Tits and Chickadees) // Handbook of the birds of the world. - Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2007. - Vol. 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. - ISBN 84-96553-42-6. Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars; Zetterström, Dan; Grant, Peter J. Birds of Europe. - United States: Princeton University Press, 2000. - 400 p. - ISBN 978-0-691-05054-6
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