Every year in the world as a result of road - traffic accidents(road accidents) about 1.3 million people die, 8 million people become disabled Every day in Russia there are more than 400 road accidents, more than 80 people die in them, about 500 people are injured. An accident is an event that has occurred with the participation of at least one motor vehicle in motion, resulting in the death or injury of people, damage to vehicles, structures, cargo or other material damage. An average of 30,000 Russians die in Russia every year. 200 thousand people become disabled.
An extreme danger is presented by accidents involving special vehicles that carry a large amount of flammable, explosive, radioactive cargo. An extreme danger is presented by accidents involving special vehicles that carry a large amount of flammable, explosive, radioactive cargo. release of toxic substances into the environment. contamination of large areas, to the death and injury of a large number of people, Such accidents lead to:
Their interaction on the roads is regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation "On safety traffic adopted in December 1995. The law establishes the obligations and rights of citizens to ensure road safety. The law provides for mandatory training of citizens in the rules of safe behavior on the roads.
REGULATIONS OF THE TRAFFIC are the fundamental document. All road users must strictly comply with their requirements. Most often, students act as pedestrians. In order to minimize the number of accidents and injuries among school pedestrians, it is necessary to carry out following rules road safety.
Red traffic light signal FORBIDDEN Yellow traffic light signal WARNING Green traffic light signal PERMISSIBLE Pedestrian paths are used to ensure traffic and its regulation road signs traffic lights To ensure the movement of pedestrians and its regulation, traffic lights with two-color signaling are used. The red silhouette of a standing person prohibits passage, the green silhouette of a “walking” person allows passage.
In order to minimize the number of accidents and injuries among pedestrians - schoolchildren, it is necessary to follow the following rules of safe behavior on the roads. Before crossing the road, you must carefully inspect the roadway. It is unacceptable to overcome the roadway by running, because during the run the gaze is directed forward and the person cannot control the situation around. You can not be distracted by conversations when crossing the road, look back. You need to be collected and attentive. Assess the degree of danger before entering the road. Be extremely careful on the road in adverse weather and poor visibility. Most often, students act as pedestrians.
Responsibilities of student passengers. Expect route vehicle or a taxi is allowed only on boarding areas raised above the carriageway, and in their absence - on the sidewalk or roadside. At stopping points that are not equipped with raised platforms, it is allowed to enter the carriageway to board the vehicle only after it has stopped. After disembarking, it is necessary, without delay, to clear the roadway. Failure to comply with the above requirements may result in an accident.
SDA for cyclists According to the "Rules of the Road" (article 2.3 of the Rules of the Road as amended in 1996, with changes - the latest from the year) A bicycle is a non-mechanical vehicle. Riding a bicycle of all types along the streets and highways is possible for persons What is “allowed” for cyclists: Ride along the side of the road; Ride along the side of the road; Towing a trailer (but only one that is designed to be towed by a bicycle);Towing a trailer (but only one that is designed to be towed by a bicycle); Carry cargo (but so that it does not interfere with control and does not protrude more than half a meter beyond the dimensions in length or width). Carry cargo (but so that it does not interfere with control and does not protrude more than half a meter beyond the dimensions in length or width). What cyclists “need”: Drive in the rightmost lane in one lane and as far to the right as possible; If you ride in a campaign, you need to divide into groups of 10 cyclists (the distance between groups should be m); Cross the road on foot if you need to turn left or turn around on a road with more than one lane in each direction or there is a tram track. not younger than 14 years old.
What is prohibited on a bike! Ride without holding the steering wheel with your hands, racing, clinging to moving vehicles or another cyclist; Carry passengers, except for a child under 7 years old, on a special seat with footrests; Turn left or turn around on a road where there is more than one lane in each direction or there is a tram track; Ride on the road when there is a bike path marked with sign 4.5 nearby; Ride under the sign 3.1 "No entry", 3.2 "Movement is prohibited", 3.9 "Movement on bicycles is prohibited", 4.4 "Movement cars”, 5.1 “Motorway”, 5.3 “Road for cars”; Ride along sidewalks and footpaths of gardens and parks; Move along the streets and roads, teaching and learning to ride a bicycle.
Bicycle and car At intersections, a car moving on a secondary road must give way to a bicycle moving on the main road. 1 A car turning right must give way to a cyclist moving straight next to it on the same road. 2 At an unregulated intersection of a cycle path with a road, located outside the intersection, cyclists must give way to vehicles moving along this road. 3 At controlled intersections, cyclists must obey the signals of special bicycle traffic lights or the signals of ordinary transport traffic lights. 4 You need to signal a turn as follows: stretch your straight arm in the direction of the turn or stretch your arm bent at the elbow in the direction opposite to the direction of the turn. 5 The intention to stop is signaled by raising either hand straight up. 6
The higher the speed, the more likely the occurrence of an accident, the more severe the consequences. The speed of the cyclist on the road should be chosen taking into account real conditions and provide security in the event of an emergency. The cyclist must take into account! To survive in an accident, observe the following rules. Keep your composure. Quickly group, lie on the floor or on the seat, protect your head with your hands, tighten your muscles. Leave the car only after it has come to a complete stop. Do not leave the vehicle while driving due to the high risk of injury or death. After an accident, quickly assess the situation, the position of the vehicle, the presence of real hazards. Try to get out of the car on your own and help all the victims to leave the car. If it is impossible to do this, do not make sudden movements, take the optimal posture, call for help, wait for the rescuers. Leave the car through doors, windows, hatches. If windows get in your way, break them. Move to a safe distance from the emergency site. Provide self-help and first aid to the injured. In the event of a fire, try to extinguish the fire with improvised means or call specialists. If the car falls into water, try to leave it before it is completely submerged in water.
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Slides captions:
AZBUKA OF SAFETY ON THE ROAD Completed by: educator Sulim Yuliya Valerievna Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution « Kindergarten No. 43, Voronezh
Dear Guys! I invite you to make an amusing trip to the country of traffic rules and road signs!!! Forward!!!
Well, here we are in front of the road! How many cars are there! How to cross the road correctly so as not to break the rules? Always look for the "pedestrian crossing" sign!!! A zebra will come to our aid. You often see its white stripes on the road at pedestrian crossing points. This is a ground crossing. Next to it, you will always see either a traffic light or a “pedestrian crossing” sign.
And if you see a traffic light near a pedestrian crossing, always remember the rules!!!
Starting the transition, look to the left, then to the right. Make sure there are no cars!
It happens that in the place where you need to cross the road, there is no zebra. What to do? Then you should look for elevated or underground pedestrian crossings.
You can only walk on sidewalks, roadsides, footpaths. If they are not there, then you can walk along the edge of the roadway, but only facing moving cars.
When at a stop, cross the road only when public transport move away from the stop. If the transport does not depart, be sure to move away from the stop at a safe distance so that you can see the cars driving on the right and left.
You can not play on the roadway, as you can not notice the approaching car. You can play only in specially designated places - in courtyards, parks, squares. Coming out of the entrance, already be attentive and careful.
DEAR GUYS! REMEMBER! YOU MUST KNOW AND OBSERVE THE RULES OF BEHAVIOR ON THE ROAD!!! : BE CAREFUL ON THE ROAD! SAVE YOUR HANDS AND LEGS. REMEMBER THE RULES EVERYWHERE, OTHERWISE THERE WILL BE A TROUBLE! GOODBYE, GUYS!!!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Presentation-photo album "We are for road safety"
The presentation-photoalbum "We are for road safety" was compiled on the basis of the experience of the work of the preschool educational institution team in the framework of the city action "Save my life"...
Presentation "Formation of skills of safe behavior on the road"
A 15-slide presentation introducing a system of work to prevent preschool injuries on the road....
Danilova Olga Valerievna, teacher-organizer of OBZh MOU "Medium comprehensive school No. 18, Elektrostal, Moscow Region.
slide 2
slide 3
What kind of vehicle traffic is established in the Russian Federation?
a. right hand
b. left hand
in. In both directions
slide 4
What is an intersection?
a. The place of intersection, junction or branching of roads at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, opposite, the beginnings of the curvature of the carriageways, the most distant from the center of the intersection
b. Departures from adjacent territories
slide 5
What is the main road?
a. Road on which the right of way of passage of unregulated intersections is granted
b. Paved road (asphalt, etc.) in relation to unpaved
in. Both of the above definitions
slide 6
What is a sidewalk?
a. Road element intended for the movement of off-rail vehicles
b. An element of the road intended for pedestrian traffic and adjacent to the carriageway or separated from it by a lawn
in. Road element intended for the movement of route vehicles
Slide 7
What vehicle is called a route vehicle?
a. Vehicle, other than a moped, propelled by an engine
b. A device designed to transport people, goods or equipment installed on it by road
in. A public vehicle (bus, trolleybus, tram) designed to carry people on the roads and moving along an established route with designated stops
Slide 8
Which lane of the road should cyclists drive on?
a. The one with the least amount of traffic
b. At the far right
in. At the extreme left
Slide 9
In which figure do cars not violate the rules of the road?
a. On the left picture
b. On the right picture
in. In both drawings
Slide 10
Can a pedestrian move on a motorway?
b. Yes, only on the extreme left lane
slide 11
Who can start moving first (red light is on for cars)?
a. green car
b. A pedestrian
in. blue car
slide 12
Can the driver of a red car enter a pedestrian crossing if there is a traffic jam behind it?
in. Yes, if there are no pedestrians at the crossing
slide 13
Can you, being the driver of the blue car, start moving?
a. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, straight ahead
Slide 14
a. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just to the right
slide 15
a. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just to the right
slide 16
a. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just to the right
Slide 17
a. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just straight and to the right
Slide 18
Where should groups of children go?
a. Only on sidewalks and footpaths, and in their absence - on roadsides
b. Only on sidewalks
in. Walkways only
Slide 19
Where is the passenger obliged to board and disembark in (from) the vehicle?
a. Anywhere
b. On the side of the sidewalk or curb and only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop
in. From the side of the road
Slide 20
Can children under the age of 12 ride in the back seat of a motorcycle?
in. They can, but only with the use of special child restraints
slide 21
To whom must the driver give way when entering the road from the adjacent territory?
a. Vehicles and pedestrians moving on it
b. Only pedestrians moving on it
in. Has advantages over vehicles moving on it
slide 22
What should the driver involved in an accident do?
a. Continue driving
b. Stop the vehicle, turn on the hazard warning lights and set the warning triangle
Road safety depends on both pedestrians and drivers. And there are risks on both sides. Because quite often it is pedestrians who cross the street at a red light or in the wrong place in an accident. Safety rules on the road Some even tritely forget that if you cross the road, you need to look around, because a car may suddenly appear from behind a turn. And then it will be too late to look in her direction. Therefore, both drivers and pedestrians need to follow the basic rules in order to reduce the risk of road traffic accidents.
For motorists
According to scientists, the number of accidents in the United States that occurred as a result of a conversation while driving on mobile phone over the past five years has exceeded three hundred thousand. In Russia, such studies have not been conducted, but one thing is clear - there are quite a lot of them. According to scientists, the number of accidents in the United States that occurred as a result of talking while driving on a mobile phone over the past five years has exceeded three hundred thousand. In Russia, such studies have not been conducted, but one thing is clear - there are quite a lot of them. Here are the findings of scientists: - talking on a mobile phone increases your chances of getting into an accident four times; - the braking distance of a driver talking on a mobile phone is doubled.
Motorcyclists
Riding with a passenger. One of the problems with riding with a passenger is that when turning, the passenger sits straight, this is a mistake. As a result of this behavior, the motorcycle does not lean to the desired angle, the turning radius grows and the rider has to lean even further to correct the situation. Motorcycles Just tell your passenger to mimic your movements when turning. Also, a passenger who does not know the basics of riding a motorcycle and has never ridden bikes may be misled by your behavior on the road, which can lead to an unnecessary passenger reaction and danger.
Pedestrians
Dark clothing reflects five percent of the light falling on it, while light clothes reflect up to eighty percent. Elementary safety measures can prevent accidents in dark time days. In ninety out of a hundred cases of collisions, this is a collision in the dark. Studies say that wearing reflective clothing reduces the risk of being hit by a pedestrian by eighty percent.
For cyclists
Consider special signs when cycling. To indicate a maneuver, the Rules provide for the following signs: Turning or changing lanes to the right: the right arm extended, or the left arm extended and bent at the elbow. Turning or rebuilding to the left: outstretched left arm, or extended and bent at the elbow right. Stop: raised hand (any). When riding in a group, another sign is used, not for motorists, but for cyclists following you. Pits on the right: the right hand lowered down. Pits on the left: left hand lowered down.
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Slides captions:
ROAD SAFETY St. Petersburg 2013
C content General provisions Drivers are prohibited Responsibilities of pedestrians Warning signs Prohibition signs References
These Rules of the road establish a uniform procedure for traffic throughout the territory Russian Federation. Other regulations relating to traffic must be based on the requirements of the Rules and not contradict them. Road users are required to know and comply with the requirements of the Rules, traffic lights, signs and markings that apply to them, as well as follow the orders of traffic controllers acting within the rights granted to them and regulating traffic with established signals.
The roads have right-hand traffic. Road users must act in such a way that they do not endanger traffic or cause harm. It is forbidden to damage or pollute the road surface, remove, block, damage, arbitrarily install road signs, traffic lights and other technical means of organizing traffic, leave objects on the road that interfere with traffic. The person who created the obstacle is obliged to take all possible measures to eliminate it, and if this is not possible, then by available means to ensure that participants in the movement are informed about the danger and inform the police. Persons who violate the Rules are liable in accordance with applicable law.
drive a vehicle while intoxicated (alcoholic, narcotic or otherwise), under the influence of medicines, impairing reaction and attention, in a painful or tired state, endangering traffic safety; cross organized (including foot) columns and take a place in them. transfer control of the vehicle to persons in a state of intoxication, under the influence of drugs that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state, as well as to persons who do not have a driver's license;
use alcoholic drinks, narcotic, psychotropic or other intoxicating substances after a traffic accident in which he is involved, or after the vehicle was stopped at the request of a police officer, before an examination to establish a state of intoxication or before a decision is made on exemption from such examinations.
In the absence of sidewalks, footpaths or roadsides, as well as in case of impossibility to move along them, pedestrians can move along the cycle path or walk in one line along the edge of the carriageway (on roads with a dividing strip - along the outer edge of the carriageway). When driving along the edge of the carriageway, pedestrians must walk towards the movement of vehicles. Persons moving in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a motorcycle, moped, bicycle, in these cases must follow the direction of the vehicles. When driving along roadsides or the edge of the carriageway at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, pedestrians are advised to carry objects with retroreflective elements and ensure the visibility of these objects by vehicle drivers.
"Road traffic" - a set of social relations that arise in the process of moving people and goods with or without vehicles within roads. (the paragraph was introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.24.2001 N 67)
The driver must drive the vehicle at a speed not exceeding the established limit, taking into account the traffic intensity, the characteristics and condition of the vehicle and cargo, road and meteorological conditions, in particular, visibility in the direction of travel. If there is a danger to traffic that the driver is able to detect, he must take all possible measures to reduce speed until the vehicle stops.
The driver is prohibited from exceeding top speed defined technical specification vehicle; exceed the speed indicated on the identification sign "Speed Limit" installed on the vehicle; interfere with other vehicles by driving unnecessarily at too low a speed; brake hard unless required to prevent an accident. use while driving a telephone that is not equipped with a technical device that allows you to negotiate without using your hands.
Pedestrians must cross the road pedestrian crossings, including on underground and elevated, and in their absence - at intersections along the line of sidewalks or roadsides. If there is no crossing or intersection in the visibility zone, it is allowed to cross the road at a right angle to the edge of the carriageway in areas without a dividing strip and fences where it is clearly visible in both directions. It is allowed to wait for a route vehicle and a taxi only on landing sites raised above the carriageway, and in their absence - on the sidewalk or roadside. In places of stops of route vehicles that are not equipped with elevated landing areas, it is allowed to enter the carriageway to board the vehicle only after it has stopped. After disembarking, it is necessary, without delay, to clear the roadway.
Danger for traffic" - a situation that has arisen in the process of traffic, in which the continuation of movement in the same direction and at the same speed creates a threat of a traffic accident. (The paragraph was introduced by the Government Decree
Multi-track Two-way traffic Slippery road Departure to the embankment Railway Children Steep descent Dangerous shoulder Railroad crossing Rough road Drawbridge Other hazards without barrier
Parking prohibited Stopping prohibited Overtaking prohibited Entry prohibited Pedestrian traffic prohibited Horning prohibited
Violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on road safety entails in due course disciplinary, administrative, criminal and other liability
References 1. Rules of the road (from 2012) 2. Textbook on P.D.D. Grade 9 3. Methodological developments in teaching P.D.D. 4. Decree of the government of R.F. No. 67 dated 01.26.01. 5. http://www.gai.ru 6.http;//www.qai.ru/dtp/event324.htm 7.nhttplaw.rambler.rulibrarynor 8.http;//www.znakcomplect.ru/road signs. php
