Created on 25.04.2011 22:04

SP 18.13330.2011

Set of rules
master plans industrial enterprises
Updated version of SNiP II-89-80*

1. General Provisions
1.1. The norms of this chapter must be observed when designing master plans for new, expanded and reconstructed industrial enterprises, as well as when developing schemes for master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial hubs).
2. Placement of enterprises
2.1. Designed enterprises, as a rule, should be placed as part of a group of enterprises with common facilities * in accordance with the "Instructions for the development of schemes for master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial units)".
2.2. Enterprises and industrial units should be located on the territory provided for by the territorial planning scheme of the municipal district, the general plan of the settlement, urban district, and the planning project of the corresponding territory.
2.3*. Enterprises, industrial sites and associated dumps, waste, treatment facilities should be located on industrial lands, as well as other lands of non-agricultural purposes or unsuitable for agriculture.
In the absence of such land, plots on agricultural land of poorer quality may be selected.
Placement of enterprises and industrial units on the lands of the state forest fund should be carried out mainly in areas not covered with forest or occupied by shrubs and low-value plantations.
2.4. Placement of enterprises and industrial units on the areas of occurrence of minerals is allowed in agreement with the state mining supervision bodies, and on the areas of occurrence of common minerals - in the manner established by law.
Placement of enterprises and industrial units is not allowed:
a) in the first belt of the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources;
b) in the first zone of the district of sanitary protection of resorts, if the objects being designed are not directly related to the operation of the resort's natural medicinal products;
c) in green areas of cities;
d) on the lands of specially protected territories, incl. nature reserves and their protected zones;
e) in the zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments without the permission of the relevant authorities for the protection of monuments;
f) in hazardous areas of rock dumps of coal and shale mines or processing plants;
g) in areas of active karst, landslides, subsidence or collapse of the surface under the influence of mining, mudflows and snow avalanches, which may threaten the development and operation of enterprises;
h) in areas contaminated with organic and radioactive waste, before the expiration of the deadlines established by the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service;
i) in areas of possible catastrophic flooding as a result of the destruction of dams or dams.
Note. A zone of catastrophic flooding is a territory where flooding has a depth of 1.5 m or more and can lead to the destruction of buildings and structures, death of people, and failure of equipment of enterprises.
2.5. The territories of industrial hubs should not, as a rule, be divided into separate sections by railways or roads of a common network.
2.6. Placement of enterprises in seismic areas should be provided in accordance with the "Guidelines for the placement of construction objects and limiting the number of storeys of buildings in seismic areas."
2.7. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, enterprises should, as a rule, be located on sites with rocky, permafrost, homogeneous or thawed non-subsidence soils.
With an appropriate feasibility study, it is allowed to locate enterprises in areas with foundation soils with permafrost temperatures close to 0 ° C, as well as with significant ice saturation and other unfavorable permafrost-soil conditions.
2.8. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of atmospheric air, the the federal law dated May 4, 1999 No. 96-FZ “On the Protection of Atmospheric Air”
2.9. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the habitat and breeding conditions of animals, the Federal Law "On the Fauna" dated April 24, 1995 No. 52-FZ must be observed.
2.10. Enterprises and industrial sites with sources of atmospheric air pollution with harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes should not be located in areas with prevailing winds at a speed of up to 1 m/s, with prolonged or frequently recurring calms, inversions, fogs (for a year more than 30 - 40%, during winter 50 - 60% days).
2.11. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of atmospheric air pollution should be located in relation to residential buildings, taking into account the prevailing winds.
Enterprises that require special purity of atmospheric air should not be located on the leeward side of the winds of the prevailing direction in relation to neighboring enterprises with sources of atmospheric air pollution.
2.12. Between the industrial and residential areas it is necessary to provide a sanitary protection zone.
2.13. Industrial hubs, which include enterprises that require, according to the calculation, the organization of a sanitary protection zone with a width of 500 m or more, should not include enterprises that, in accordance with the chapter of the SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements, can be located near borders or within a residential area.
2.14. Production facilities with external noise sources with sound levels of 50 dBA or more should be located in relation to residential and public buildings in accordance with the SNiP chapter on noise protection.
2.15. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of water, the "Water Code" must be observed. Russian Federation"No. 167-FZ dated November 16, 1995 (as amended on December 30, 2001).
2.16. Placement of enterprises in the coastal strips (zones) of water bodies is allowed only if it is necessary to directly adjoin the site of the enterprise to water bodies in agreement with the authorities for regulating the use and protection of water. The number and length of adjoining sites of enterprises to water bodies should be minimal.
2.17. When placing enterprises and industrial units on the coastal sections of rivers and other water bodies, the planning marks of the sites of enterprises should be taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated highest water horizon, taking into account the backwater and slope of the watercourse, as well as surge from the estimated wave height, determined in accordance with with the head of SNiP on loads and impacts on hydraulic structures.
The calculated horizon should be taken highest level water with a probability of exceeding it for enterprises of national economic and defense importance, once every 100 years, for other enterprises - once every 50 years, and for enterprises with a service life of up to 10 years - once every 10 years.
Notes: 1. Placement of enterprises in areas with a more frequent excess of the water level is allowed with an appropriate feasibility study and subject to the construction of the necessary structures to protect enterprises from flooding.
2. The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to enterprises, their individual buildings and structures, as well as to objects for which, according to the operating conditions, their short-term flooding is allowed.
3. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, buildings and structures in coastal areas should be placed taking into account the increase in the soil thawing bowl near the shore of the reservoir and the resulting change in the temperature and hydrogeological regime of the soil.
2.18. Enterprises that require the construction of cargo berths, piers or other port facilities should be located downstream of the river below the residential area.
2.19. The procedure for coordinating the location of industrial enterprises, buildings, structures, radio engineering and other facilities that may threaten the safety of aircraft flights or interfere with the normal operation of airfield radio facilities should be adopted in accordance with SNiP II-60-75.
2.20*. In case of location of enterprises in the area of location of radio stations, objects of special purpose, warehouses of highly toxic substances, the distance to the designed enterprises from these objects must be taken in accordance with the requirements of special standards.
2.21*. Placement of enterprises near facilities for the manufacture and storage of explosives, materials and products based on them should be carried out taking into account the boundaries of prohibited (dangerous) zones and areas determined by special regulatory documents approved in in due course, and in agreement with the state supervision bodies, ministries and departments in charge of these facilities.
2.22. The construction of dumps, slag reservoirs, tailings, waste and refuse from enterprises is allowed only if it is justified that it is impossible to dispose of them, while centralized (group) dumps should, as a rule, be provided for industrial units. Sites for them should be located outside the enterprises and the II zone of the zones of sanitary protection of underground water sources in compliance with sanitary standards.
Dumps containing coal, shale, arsenic, lead, mercury and other combustible and toxic substances must be separated from residential and public buildings and structures by a sanitary protection zone.
The distance between the dumps of coal or shale mines and production and storage buildings should be set not less than the size of the dangerous zone of shift of dumps, determined in accordance with the "Safety Rules in Coal and Shale Mines", approved in the prescribed manner.
Note. In the Northern building-climatic zone, between dumps, buildings and structures, in addition to the indicated zones, distances must be observed to ensure the preservation of the design temperature regime of frozen soils of the foundations of these buildings and structures.

3. Territory planning
Planning, placement of buildings and structures
3.1*. The planning of sites (sites) of enterprises, industrial parks and territories of industrial hubs should provide the most favorable conditions for the production process and labor at enterprises, the rational and economical use of land and the greatest efficiency of capital investments.
Master plans for reconstructed industrial enterprises and existing industrial areas should provide for the streamlining of functional zoning and the placement of engineering networks.
3.2*. Distances between buildings, structures, including engineering networks, should be taken as the minimum allowable, while the building density of sites (sites) of enterprises should be at least specified in the appendix.
3.3*. The master plans of enterprises, technology parks and industrial centers should provide for:
a) functional zoning of the territory, taking into account technological links, sanitary and hygienic and fire safety requirements, cargo turnover and modes of transport;
b) rational production, transport and engineering communications at enterprises, between them with residential and other territorial zones;
c) cooperation of sites of main and auxiliary industries and farms, including similar industries and farms serving residential and other territorial zones of a city or settlement;
d) intensive use of the territory, including ground and underground space with the necessary and reasonable reserves for the expansion of enterprises;
e) organization of a unified service network for employees;
f) the possibility of construction and commissioning of start-up complexes or phases;
g) improvement of the territory of the site (site);
h) creation of a unified architectural ensemble in conjunction with the architecture of adjacent enterprises and residential development;
i) protection of adjacent territories from erosion, waterlogging, salinization and pollution of groundwater and open water bodies sewage, waste and refuse of enterprises;
j) restoration (reclamation) of land allotted for temporary use, disturbed during construction.
3.4. In the master plan for the development of the site of the enterprise, technopark, the natural features of the construction area should be taken into account:
a) air temperature, as well as the prevailing wind direction;
b) possible changes in the existing regime of permafrost soils in the process of construction and operation of buildings and structures;
c) the possibility of large snow deposits due to the presence of hills or elevations of relief on the leeward side of the plots of the planned development;
d) changes in the supra-permafrost water regime as a result of site development and the impact of these changes on the thermal regime of permafrost soils.
3.5. At the sites (sites) of enterprises, technology parks and territories of industrial production sites, they should be located taking into account the exclusion of harmful effects on workers, technological processes, raw materials, equipment and products of other enterprises, as well as on the health and sanitary living conditions of the population.
3.6. Auxiliary buildings should be located outside the circulation zone (aerodynamic shadow) formed by buildings and structures, if there are sources of atmospheric air pollution with harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes on the site (site).
3.7. Garages of enterprises should be provided for specialized vehicles (emergency technical assistance, technical equipment for cleaning and maintaining the territory, rescue and fire services), as well as other Vehicle that ensure the functioning of production. If there are no automobile facilities for servicing enterprises in the construction area, it is allowed to provide garages for enterprises for at least 15 trucks.
3.8. According to the functional use of the territory of the enterprise, groups of enterprises, including in the form of technology parks, innovation parks, etc. should be divided into zones:
a) pre-factory (outside the site or the border of the enterprise, technopark);
b) production, including areas for research purposes and pilot production;
c) auxiliary;
d) warehouse;
c) general plans and planning projects for the territories of accommodation manufacturing enterprises, technoparks in the respective territorial zones, zones should be allocated:
e) public center;
f) sites (sites) of enterprises, technology parks, including sites that are part of technology parks, innovation parks and other integrated facilities for organizing production;
g) common facilities of auxiliary industries and farms.
The division into zones can be specified taking into account specific conditions construction.
3.9*. The pre-factory zone of the enterprise, technopark should be located from the side of the main entrances and approaches of those working at the enterprise (in conjunction with urban planning requirements).
The size of pre-factory zones of enterprises (ha per 1000 employees) should be taken from the calculation:
3.10. The composition of the public center of an industrial hub, territorially uniting two or more sites of industrial enterprises, technology parks, should be determined in each specific case based on the urban situation, the availability of service facilities, the production, technological and sanitary and hygienic features of individual enterprises, the architectural and planning solution of the industrial hub.
The public center, as a rule, should include objects of office and administrative, hotel, trade and commercial purposes, as well as vocational and secondary specialized educational institutions, specialized health care institutions, consumer services enterprises.
3.11. In the zone of common facilities of auxiliary industries and farms, as a rule, objects of energy supply, water supply and sewerage, transport, repair facilities, fire stations, dump facilities of the industrial unit should be located.
Duplication of the listed industries and farms is allowed in accordance with the assignment for the development of a scheme for the master plan of an industrial unit.
3.12*. In pre-factory areas and in public centers of industrial hubs to serve visitors to the facilities specified in clause 3.10, parking spaces should be provided cars in accordance with the head of the SNiP for the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements.
Places for parking and storage of cars of persons working at enterprises, in technoparks, should be placed on the territory of the sites of the enterprise, technopark.
3.13. The entrance points of enterprises should be located at a distance of no more than 1.5 km from each other, and in the Northern building-climatic zone - no more than 1 km.
3.14. The distance from the entrance points to the entrances to the sanitary facilities of the main workshops, as a rule, should not exceed 800 m.
The specified distance should be reduced at enterprises located in climatic subregions IA, IB, IG and IIA to 300 m, and in climatic region IV - to 400 m.
At large distances from the checkpoints to the most remote sanitary facilities on the site of the enterprise, internal passenger transport should be provided.
3.15. The distance from workplaces at the enterprise site to sanitary facilities should be taken in accordance with the SNiP chapter on the design of auxiliary buildings and premises of industrial enterprises.
3.16*. In front of the checkpoints and entrances to sanitary facilities, canteens and management buildings, sites should be provided at the rate of not more than 0.15 per 1 person. the most numerous change.
At enterprises where the possibility of using the labor of disabled people using wheelchairs is envisaged, the entrances to industrial, administrative and amenity and other auxiliary buildings should be equipped with ramps with a slope of no more than 1:12.
3.17. In the Northern building-climatic zone in areas where the number of days with unfavorable conditions is more than 30% of the period of the year with an average daily air temperature of 0 ° C and below, as well as in areas with more than 400 snow transfer per 1 m of the transfer front per year for pedestrian routes at the sites of enterprises, unheated galleries should be provided.
3.18. Sites for the expansion of enterprises, technology parks, industrial hubs can be planned outside the boundaries of their sites. Reservation of places on the site of the enterprise for the development of individual workshops or industries may be provided only in accordance with the design assignment.
3.19. The master plan of the expanded and reconstructed enterprise should provide for:
a) organization (if necessary) of a sanitary protection zone;
b) linking with the planning and development of adjacent residential and other territorial zones of the city;
c) successively improving the functional zoning and planning solution of individual areas of the enterprise site and its improvement without stopping the main production of the enterprise;
d) increasing the efficiency of the use of the territory;
e) unification of disparate production and auxiliary facilities;
f) increasing the architectural expressiveness of the building.
3.20*. At sites (sites) of industrial enterprises, the minimum required number of buildings should be provided. Production, auxiliary and storage facilities should be combined into one or more large buildings. The placement of detached buildings is allowed only with a feasibility study or technological necessity.
Note. In the Northern building-climatic zone, as a rule, it is necessary to provide for the unification of industries and households in one building of a rectangular configuration without height differences.
3.21. Based on the specifics of production and natural conditions, buildings and structures should be located subject to the following requirements:
a) the longitudinal axes of the building and skylights should be oriented in the range from 45 to 110 ° to the meridian;
b) longitudinal axes of aeration lanterns and walls of buildings with openings used for aeration of premises should be oriented in plan perpendicularly or at an angle of at least 45 ° to the prevailing wind direction of the summer period of the year;
c) in areas with a snow cover of more than 50 cm or with an amount of transported snow of more than 200 per 1 m of the front of the transfer per year, cross-ventilation of the enterprise site should be provided. To do this, the main driveways, the longitudinal axes of large buildings and lanterns should be located at an angle of no more than 45 ° to the prevailing direction of the winds of the winter period of the year, and in the Northern building-climatic zone - no more than 20 ° to the prevailing direction of snow transfer along the snow transfer rose;
d) in areas of massive sand transport by winds, the longest and tallest buildings must be located on the windward side of the site perpendicular to the flow of transported sand, and also provide strips of green spaces (at least 20 m wide) or enclosing shields.
3.22*. Buildings forming semi-enclosed yards are allowed to be used in cases where another planning decision cannot be made according to the conditions of the technology or the conditions of reconstruction.
Semi-enclosed courtyards should be located with the long side parallel to the prevailing wind direction or with a deviation of no more than 45 °, while the open side of the courtyard should be facing the windward side of the prevailing wind direction.
The width of a semi-closed courtyard with buildings illuminated through window openings must be at least half the sum of the heights to the top of the eaves of the opposing buildings forming the courtyard, but not less than 15 m.
In the absence of harmful industrial emissions into the yard, the width of the yard can be reduced to 12 m.
Notes: 1. A courtyard is considered semi-enclosed if it is built up on three sides with adjoining buildings and having a depth-to-width ratio of more than one in plan.
2*. If the ratio of the depth of the yard to its width is more than 3, with the possibility of accumulation of industrial hazards in the yard in the part of the building that closes the yard, it is necessary to provide an opening for ventilation with a width of at least 4 m and a height of at least 4.5 m. The bottom of the opening must coincide with the planning marks adjacent territory. The device in the opening of gates, fences and other structures that violate the functional purpose of the opening is not allowed.
3. In the Northern building-climatic zone and in areas with a hot and dry climate, the open side of the semi-enclosed yard should face the leeward side of the prevailing winds. With a different orientation of the yard, buildings or fences must be placed in front of its open part.
3.23*. The use of buildings that form courtyards closed on all sides is allowed only if there are technological or planning justifications and subject to the following conditions:
a) the width of the yard should, as a rule, be not less than the greatest height to the top of the eaves of the buildings forming the yard, but not less than 18 m;
b) end-to-end ventilation of the yard should be provided by arranging openings in buildings with a width of at least 4 m and a height of at least 4.5 m, with the possibility of accumulation of harmful substances.
3.24. In closed and semi-enclosed yards, extensions to buildings, as well as the placement of separate buildings or structures, as a rule, are not allowed.
Notes: 1*. In exceptional cases, with appropriate justifications, it is allowed to arrange extensions in these yards with industries that do not emit harmful substances, provided that the extension will occupy no more than 25% of the length of the wall, and the width of the yard at the extension site will be at least half the sum of the heights of the opposing buildings forming the yard, and compliance with the required fire safety distances.
2. Separate power or ventilation facilities may be placed in semi-enclosed yards; at the same time, the distance from these structures to buildings must meet the requirements for the arrangement of semi-enclosed courtyards.
3.25*. The distances between buildings and structures illuminated through window openings must be at least the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 1 *.
Notes: 1. If one of the opposing buildings or structures on the side facing the other, in the zone of possible shading, does not have light openings, then the distances between them are determined only by the height of the building or structure without light openings.
2. High-rise structures that do not have light openings (pipes, towers, whatnots, columns, etc.) may be placed from the wall of the building with light openings at a distance not less than the diameter or side of the structure facing the building. If there are no light openings in the zone of possible shading from a high-rise structure in the wall of the building, then the distances between them are not standardized by these standards.
3. For buildings with longitudinal lanterns located less than 3 m from the facade of the building, the height to the top of the cornice of the lantern should be taken as the height of the building.
four*. The indicated distances can be reduced in the case when, according to the calculation, taking into account the shading of windows by opposing buildings, the natural or combined lighting required by the standards can be provided in both opposing buildings.
3.26. The coordination axes of opposing buildings located on the sites of the enterprise, as a rule, must coincide.
3.27. Buildings and structures with equipment that cause significant dynamic loads and vibration of the soil should be located from buildings and structures with industries that are especially sensitive to vibrations, at distances determined by calculations, taking into account the engineering and geological conditions of the territory, the physical and mechanical properties of the foundation soil, and also taking into account measures to eliminate the influence of dynamic loads and vibrations on soils in accordance with the SNiP chapter on designing foundations for machines with dynamic loads.
3.28*. Production facilities and testing stations with particularly hazardous processes, explosive and fire hazardous facilities, as well as base storages for combustible and flammable materials, poisonous and explosive substances should be located in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations and special standards
3.29*. Buildings, structures, open installations With production processes, emitting gas, smoke and dust into the atmosphere, explosive and fire hazardous objects should not, if possible, be located in relation to other industrial buildings and structures on the windward side for prevailing winds.
3.30. Cooling ponds, ponds, sludge ponds, etc. should be placed so that in the event of an accident, the liquid, when spreading, does not threaten the flooding of the enterprise or other industrial, residential and public buildings and structures.
3.31. Spray pools should be located with the long side perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction of the summer period of the year.
3.32. The distances between buildings and structures, depending on the degree of fire resistance and the category of production, should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 1*.
Table 1*

The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures	Distances between buildings and structures, m, with the degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures
The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures	I, II, IIIa	III	IIIb, IV, IVa, V
I, II, IIIa	Not standardized for buildings and structures with industries of categories G and D 9 - for buildings and structures with industries of categories A, B, C and E (see note 4)	9	12
III IIIb, IV, IVa, V	9 12	12 15	15 18
Notes: 1. The smallest distance between buildings and structures is the clear distance between external walls or structures. In the presence of protruding structures of buildings or structures of more than 1 m and made of combustible materials, the smallest distance is the distance between these structures. 2. The distance between industrial buildings and structures is not standardized: a) if the sum of the floor areas of two or more buildings or structures of III, IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance does not exceed the floor area allowed between the fire walls, counting according to the most fire hazardous production and the lowest degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures; b) if the wall of a higher or wider building or structure, facing another building, is fireproof; c) if buildings and structures of the III degree of fire resistance, regardless of the fire hazard of the industries located in them, have opposing blank walls or walls with openings filled with glass blocks or reinforced glass with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.75 hours. 3. Distance from buildings and structures of any degree of fire resistance to buildings and structures of IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance in areas located beyond the Arctic Circle, on the coastline of the Bering and Okhotsk Seas, the Tatar Strait, on the Kamchatka Peninsula, on Sakhalin Island , on the Kuril and Commander Islands, increases by 25%. The width of the coastline is assumed to be 100 km, but no further than to the nearest mountain range. 4. The specified distance for buildings and structures of I, II, IIIa degrees of fire resistance with production of categories A, B, C and E is reduced from 9 to 6 m, subject to one of the following conditions: - buildings and structures are equipped with stationary automatic fire extinguishing systems; - specific loading of combustible substances in buildings with production facilities of category B is less than or equal to 10 kg per 1 m2 of floor area. 5. The distance from the buildings and structures of enterprises (regardless of their degree of fire resistance) to the boundaries of the coniferous forest and places of development or open occurrence of peat should be taken as 100 m, mixed species - 50 m, and to hardwood - 20 m. When placing enterprises in forest areas, when their construction is associated with deforestation, the indicated distances to a coniferous forest area can be halved. Distances from buildings and structures of enterprises to places of open occurrence of peat can be reduced by half, provided that the open occurrence of peat is backfilled with a layer of earth with a thickness of at least 0.5 m within half the distance specified in paragraph 5 of the notes.

table 2

Warehouses
	Buildings and structures with a degree of fire resistance			Warehouses
				hard coal		milled peat		sod peat
				capacity, t
	I, II, IIIa	III	IIIb, IV, IVa, V	from 1000 to 10000	less than 1000	from 1000 to 10000	less than 1000	from 1000 to 10000	less than 1000

1000 or more	6	6	12	-*	-*	12	12	6	6
less than 1000	Not standardized	6	12	-*	-*	12	12	6	6

from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	24	30	36	12	12	-*	-*	-*	-*
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	18	24	30	12	12	-*	-*	-*	-*

from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	18	18	24	6	6	-*	-*	-*	-*
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	12	15	18	6	6	-*	-*	-*	-*

from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	15	24	30	24	24	42	42	42	42
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	12	15	18	18	18	36	36	36	36
5. Chips and sawdust with a capacity, m3:
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	18	30	36	24	24	42	42	42	42
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	15	18	24	18	18	36	36	36	36

over 1000 to 2000 from 600 to 1000 less than 600 up to 300 less than 300	30	30	36	18	18	42	42	36	36
	24	24	30	12	12	36	36	30	30
	18	18	24	6	6	30	30	24	24
	18	18	24	6	6	30	30	24	24
	12	12	18	6	6	24	24	18	18

over 5000 to 10000	30	30	36	18	18	42	42	36	36
from 3000 to 5000	24	24	30	12	12	36	36	30	30
less than 3000	18	18	24	6	6	30	30	24	24
* Placement of the same materials (including milled and sod peat or flammable and combustible liquids) in two or more warehouses is not allowed. Notes: one. For warehouses of sawn timber, as well as for warehouses of spontaneously igniting coals with a stack height of more than 2.5 m, the distances indicated in Table 2 for buildings IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance should be increased by 25%. 2. The distances indicated in Table 2 from peat warehouses (milling and lumpy), timber, flammable and combustible liquids to buildings with industries of categories A and B should be increased by 25%. 3. When storing flammable and combustible liquids together, the reduced capacity of the warehouse should not exceed the quantities indicated in Table 2, while the reduced capacity is determined on the basis that 1 m3 of flammable liquids is equal to 5 m3 of combustible liquids, and 1 m3 of ground storage capacity is equal to 2 m3 underground storage capacity. For underground storage of flammable or combustible liquids, the storage capacities indicated in Table 2 can be doubled, and the distances reduced by 50%. four. Distances from buildings are not standardized: a) to a coal storage with a capacity of less than 100 tons; b) to warehouses of flammable or combustible liquids with a geometric capacity of up to 100 m3 and to warehouses of coal or peat (milled or lumpy) with a capacity of up to 1000 tons, if the wall of the building facing these warehouses is a fireproof one. 5. The distances indicated in Table 2 should be determined: a) from warehouses of coal, peat (lumpy or milled), timber and firewood, wood chips and sawdust - from the border of areas intended for placement (storage) of these materials; b) from warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids from the walls of tanks, filling devices or the boundaries of areas intended for the placement of containers with these liquids; 6*. Distances from the warehouses indicated in Table 2 to open areas(ramp) for equipment (finished products) in combustible containers should be taken according to the column of buildings and structures IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance. 7. Distances from closed warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids to other buildings and structures should be taken according to Table 1.

Continuation of table 2

Warehouses	Distance from warehouses to buildings and structures and between warehouses, m
	Warehouses
	Timber (round and sawn) and firewood		chips and sawdust		flammable liquids		flammable liquids
	capacity, t
	from 1000 to 10000	less than 1000	from 1000 to 10000	less than 1000	from 1000 to 10000	less than 1000	less than 600	over 5000 to 10000	from 3000 to 5000	less than 3000
one*. Coal capacity, t:
1000 or more less than 1000	24	18	24	18	18	12	6	18	12	6
1000 or more less than 1000	24	18	24	18	18	12	6	12	6	6
2. Milling peat with a capacity, t:
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	42	36	42	36	42	36	30	42	36	30
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	42	36	42	36	42	36	30	42	36	30
3. Sod peat with a capacity, t:
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	42	36	42	36	36	30	24	36	30	24
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	42	36	42	36	36	30	24	36	30	24
4. Timber (round and sawn) and firewood with a capacity, m3:
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	-*	-*	36	30	42	36	30	42	36	30
from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000	-*	-*	36	30	36	30	24	36	30	24
5. Chips and sawdust with a capacity, m3: from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000
	36	30	-*	-*	42	36	30	42	36	30
	30	24	-*	-*	36	30	24	36	30	24
6* Flammable liquids with capacity, m3:
over 1000 to 2000 from 600 to 1000 less than 600 up to 300 less than 300	42	36	42	36	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*
	36	30	36	30	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*
	30	24	30	24	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*
	30	24	30	24	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*
	24	18	24	18	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*
7. Flammable liquids with a capacity, m3:
over 5000 to 10000	42	36	42	36	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*
from 3000 to 5000	36	30	36	30	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*
less than 3000	30	24	30	24	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*	-*

3.33. The distances between open technological installations, units and equipment, as well as from them to buildings and structures, should be taken according to the norms of technological design.
3.34. Distances from open ground warehouses to buildings and structures, as well as distances between the indicated warehouses, should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 2.
3.35. Distances from gas holders for combustible gases to buildings and structures should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 3 *.
3.36. Distances between water coolers, buildings and structures should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 4.
Table 3*

Buildings and constructions	Distances from gas tanks, m
Buildings and constructions	piston	fixed volume and with water basin
1. Public buildings │ │	150	100
2. Warehouse of coal with a capacity, t:
from 10000 to 100000	18	15
less than 10000	12	9
3. Peat warehouse with a capacity of up to 10,000 tons	30	24
4. Warehouse for timber and firewood with a capacity, m3:
from 1000 to 10000	48	42
less than 1000	36	30
5. Warehouse for combustible materials (wood chips, sawdust, etc.) capacity, m3:
from 1000 to 5000	48	42
less than 1000	36	30
6. Warehouse for flammable liquids, m3:
St. 1000 to 2000	42	36
from 500 to 1000	36	30
less than 500	30	24
7. Warehouse for flammable liquids, m3:
St. 5000 to 10000	42	36
from 2500 to 5000	36	30
less than 2500	30	24
8. Production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises:
I, II, IIIa degrees of fire resistance	30	24
III, IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance	36	30
9. Pos.9 excluded
10. Outdoor industrial ovens and open flame installations	100	100
11. ROW boundary railways
on hauls	42	30
at sorting stations	60	48
12. Boundary of the right of way of motor roads of categories:
I-III	30	21
IV, V	21	15
13. The axis of the railway or tram track; edge of the carriageway of a motor road that does not have a right of way	21	21
Notes: 1. The given distances refer to gas-holder stations and to free-standing gas-holders with a capacity of more than 1000 m3. At gas-holder stations or individual gas-holders with a total capacity of 1000 m3 or less, the indicated distances should be taken with a capacity coefficient, m3: from 250 to 1000 - 0.7; less than 250 - 0.5. 2. For underground storage of flammable and flammable liquids, the distances indicated in items 6 and 7 must be reduced by 2 times. 3. Distances between gas holders and chimneys should be taken equal to the height of the chimney. 4. Distances between overhead power networks and gas tanks must be taken at least 1.5 times the height of the support of these networks. 5. Distances from oxygen gas holders may be reduced by 2 times. Distances from gas holders for other non-combustible gases should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 1 *, as from structures of I, II, IIIa degrees of fire resistance. 6. On the site between gas tanks and buildings or structures, it is allowed to place open warehouses for storage of non-combustible materials. 7. The capacity of gas tanks should be considered the geometric volume of gas tanks.

Table 4

Buildings and constructions	Distances, m, up to
Buildings and constructions	spray pools	cooling towers	fan sectional surface cooling towers	fan sectional cooling towers on roofs of buildings
1. Spray pools	-	30	30	-
2. Cooling towers	30	0.5 D*, but not less than 18	18	-
3. Fan sectional surface cooling towers	30	15	9-24**	-
4. Fan sectional cooling towers on roofs of buildings	-	-	-	12
5. Buildings with walls made of materials with frost resistance grades of at least Mrz 25	42	21	21	9
6. Outdoor electrical substations and transmission lines	80	30	42	42
7. Open ground warehouses	60	According to Table 2, but not less:
7. Open ground warehouses	60	21	24	15
8. Ground and elevated engineering networks, fences	9	9	9	9
9. The axis of the railway tracks of external and marshalling	80	42	60	21
10. Axis of internal railway sidings	30	12***	12***	9***
11. Edge of the carriageway of public roads	60	21	39	9
12. Edge of the carriageway of access and intra-plant roads	21	9	9	9
D - diameter of the cooling tower at the level of the entrance windows. * With a section area up to 20 m2 - 9 m, over 20 to 100 m2 - 15 m, over 100 to 200 m2 - 21 m, over 200 m2 - 24 m. *** When using locomotive traction and using combustible enclosing structures of cooling towers, the distance is assumed to be 21 m. Notes: 1. The clear distances indicated in pos. 1 - 4 should be taken between rows of the same type of coolers, while the spray pools are installed in one row. In the case of placement of cooling towers of different area in rows, the distance between rows is taken for cooling towers of a larger area. 2. The distance between the rows of single-fan cooling towers should be determined based on the conditions for the placement of communications, but not less than 15 m, the distances from single-fan cooling towers to buildings and structures are taken as for tower cooling towers. 3. For tower cooling towers, distances between rows are given for their area up to 3200 m2, with a larger area, the distances should be taken according to the appropriate justification. 4. The distance between the coolers in one row should be taken equal to: - tower cooling towers - 0.4 diameter of the cooling towers at the base, but not less than 12 m; - fan sectional cooling towers on the ground and on the roofs of buildings - 3 m; - single-fan cooling towers - twice the height of the air inlet windows, but not less than 3 m; 5. Distances, with the exception of those indicated in item 7 for warehouses (sheds) of sodium, potassium, calcium carbide and other materials that form explosive substances when interacting with water, can be reduced: for coolers with an area of up to 20 m2 - by no more than 40% , over 20 to 100 m2 - no more than 30%, but in all cases must be at least 6 m. 6. For areas with an average air temperature of the coldest five-day period below minus 36 ° C, the distances indicated in positions 2, 3, 8, 9 and 10 should be increased by 25%. 7. For buildings with walls made of materials with a frost resistance grade of less than Mrz 25, it is necessary to provide for measures to protect the walls from moisture and icing. 8. At enterprises being reconstructed, the distances between water coolers, as well as water coolers and buildings and structures, may be reduced, but not more than 25%. 9. Distances between water coolers and roads, ground and aboveground engineering networks intended for servicing these water coolers are not standardized. 10. The distances indicated in pos. 5 - 8 may be reduced by 25% provided that the water coolers operate only during positive outdoor temperatures. 11. The distance from fan sectional cooling towers placed on the roofs of buildings to the outer wall of the same building is not standardized. The distance from the fan sectional cooling towers to the walls of the elevated parts of the same building is taken according to item 5, taking into account note 5 or notes 8 and 10. 12*. Minimum distances from cooling towers with capacity up to 100 m3/h: - to buildings and structures with walls made of materials for frost resistance of at least Mrz 25 - 15 m; - to open transformer substations - 30 m; - to the axis of internal railway sidings and the edge of the carriageway of sidings and intra-plant roads - 6 m. 13. A watertight coating of at least 2.5 m wide should be provided around the spray pools, with a slope to ensure water drainage. 14. Distances from open settling tanks to buildings and structures should be taken as for fan sectional surface cooling towers.

3.37. Fire stations should be located on land adjacent to public roads. The fire station, as a rule, must serve a group of enterprises.
The location of the fire stations should be chosen based on the service radius of the enterprise, taking into account the available fire stations (posts) located within the established service radius.
The radius of service by fire stations should be taken: 2 km - for enterprises with industries of categories A, B and C, occupying more than 50% of the entire building area; 4 km - for enterprises with industries of categories A, B and C, occupying up to 50% of the building area, and enterprises with industries of categories D and D.
Notes: 1*. The service radius of a fire station (post) should be determined from the condition of the route to the most remote building or structure along public roads or driveways. If the specified radius is exceeded, it is necessary to provide additional fire posts at the site of the enterprise. The service radius of fire stations should be the same as for fire stations.
2*. If there are enterprises, buildings and structures on the site of III, IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance with a built-up area, which is # more than 50% of the entire building area of the enterprise, the service radius of fire stations and posts should be reduced by 40%.
3. Fire posts are allowed to be built into industrial and auxiliary buildings with industries of categories C, D and D.
4. Exits from fire stations and posts should be located so that the exiting fire trucks do not cross the main traffic and pedestrian flows.
5. The number of fire trucks and the number of personnel of fire stations (posts) are established by the customer in the design assignment in agreement with the interested organizations.

Roads, entrances and driveways
3.38. Railways, hydraulic, conveyor transport and aerial cableways of industrial enterprises, industrial parks and industrial hubs should be designed in accordance with the head of SNiP on the design of industrial transport.
3.39. Motor roads and cycle paths of industrial enterprises, technology parks and industrial hubs should be designed in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the design of roads.
3.40. The scheme of transport of an industrial hub within the boundaries of the industrial territorial zone should provide for:
a) combination of transport facilities and devices for various kinds transport (combined road and rail or road and tram bridges and overpasses, a common subgrade for roads and tram tracks, except for high-speed ones, etc.);
b) the use of structures and devices designed for other purposes (dams of reservoirs and dams, culverts) under the subgrade and artificial structures of railways and roads;
c) the possibility of subsequent development of the scheme of external transport.
3.41. When transporting goods by water, it should, as a rule, provide for the construction of joint ports of enterprises.
The construction of berths for individual enterprises is allowed according to technological requirements or special building conditions.
3.42. Bicycle and pedestrian paths or sidewalks should be provided along the roads connecting enterprises, industrial parks with the place of resettlement of workers, if their length is not more than 2 km.
Bicycle paths should be designed with a cycling (moped) traffic intensity of more than 250 units/day and an intensity of car traffic on the road along which the cycle path is being designed, more than 2000 vehicles/day.
3.43*. Enterprises with plots (sites) larger than 5 hectares must have at least two entrances.
If the size of the side of the site of the enterprise is more than 1000 m and its location along the street or highway on this side, at least two entrances to the site should be provided. The distance between the entrances should not exceed 1500 m.
Note: Fenced areas within the sites (sites) of enterprises (open transformer substations, warehouses, etc.) with an area of more than 5 hectares must have at least two entrances.
3.44. The width of the gates of automobile entrances to the site of the enterprise should be taken according to the largest width of the vehicles used plus 1.5 m, but not less than 4.5 m, and the width of the gate for railway entrances - not less than 4.9 m.
3.45. The choice of the type of intra-factory transport for enterprises should be made on the basis of the results of technical and economic comparisons of various options, taking into account the organization of a single transport process with the transfer of processed materials from their storage places to consumption places by the same vehicles, bypassing reloading from inter-shop transport to intra-shop transport.
3.46*. Fire trucks should be able to access buildings and structures along their entire length: on the one hand - with a width of a building or structure up to 18 m and on both sides - with a width of more than 18 m, as well as when arranging closed and semi-enclosed yards.
For buildings with a built-up area of more than 10 hectares or a width of more than 100 m, the entrance of fire trucks must be provided from all sides.
In cases where working conditions roads are not required, the access of fire trucks is allowed to be provided along a planned surface, reinforced 3.5 m wide in places of passage with clay and sandy (dusty) soils with various local materials with the creation of slopes that provide natural drainage of surface water.
The distance from the edge of the carriageway or the planned surface providing the passage of fire trucks to the walls of buildings up to 12 m high should be no more than 25 m, with a building height of over 12 to 28 m - no more than 8 m, with a building height of over 28 m - no more than 10 m.
In necessary cases, the distance from the edge of the carriageway of the road to the extreme axis of industrial buildings and structures may be increased to 60 m, provided that dead-end roads are arranged to buildings and structures with platforms for turning fire engines and fire hydrants are installed on these platforms, while the distance from buildings and structures to the sites for turning fire engines should be at least 5 and not more than 15 m, the distance between dead-end roads should not exceed 100 m.
Notes: 1*. The width of buildings and structures should be taken as the distance between the extreme centering axes.
2. To reservoirs that can be used to extinguish a fire, it is necessary to arrange entrances with platforms no less than 12 x 12 m in size.
3. Fire hydrants should be located along highways at a distance of no more than 2.5 m from the edge of the carriageway, but no closer than 5 m from the walls of the building; during a feasibility study, it is allowed to place hydrants on the roadway.
four*. Entrances for fire engines should not be provided for buildings and structures whose materials and structures, as well as technological processes, exclude the possibility of fire.
3.47. The width of passages on the territory of the enterprise should be taken from the calculation of the most compact placement of roads, engineering networks and green areas, but not less than the distances between buildings and structures given in Table 1 * and required by sanitary standards for the design of industrial enterprises.
Note. The width of the passage is the distance between the outer coordination axes of the buildings that limit the passage.
3.48. As a rule, one road should be provided in the passage. The device of two motor roads in one passage is allowed:
a) when the coverage area of one motor road with access roads is equal to or exceeds the coverage area of two motor roads with access roads;
b) with a complex relief of the site of the enterprise, requiring the construction of roads at different levels, to ensure the entry of means of trackless transport into industrial buildings.
3.49. The distances from the side stone or the edge of the fortified roadside to the buildings and structures should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 5 *.
Table 5*

Buildings and constructions	Distance, m
1. External faces of the walls of buildings, including vestibules and extensions:
a) in the absence of an entrance to the building and with a building length of up to 20 m	1,5
b) the same, with a building length of more than 20 m	3
c) if there is an entrance to the building for two-axle vehicles and forklifts	8
d) if there is an entrance to the building of three-axle vehicles	12
e) if there is only electric cars entering the building	5
2. Axes of parallel railway tracks:
1520 (1524) mm	3,75
750 mm	3
3. Fencing of the enterprise site	1,5
4. Pos.4 excluded
5. External faces of overpass and overpass supports, chimneys, poles, masts, protruding parts of buildings: pilasters, buttresses, external stairs, etc.	0,5
6. The axis of the railway track, along which liquid metal, slag, carts with ingots and molds, carts with troughs and boxes for transporting charge materials are transported	5
Notes: 1. When designing roads for the movement of tractors with dissolutions for long loads (logs, beams, etc.) at curves and intersections, the distances indicated in the table should be increased according to the size of the overhang of the load in accordance with the requirements of the SNiP chapter on the design of roads. 2. The distances from the side stone, the edge of the carriageway or the reinforced roadside to the trunks of trees or shrubs should be determined depending on the species of trees and shrubs (but not less than the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 7) so that the crown of trees, taking into account its pruning and shrubs do not hang over the roadway or curb. 3. If the width of the traffic lane of a two-lane road is less than 3.75 m and in the absence of a side stone or a reinforced roadside, the distance in the cases provided for in item 5 of the table must be at least 4.25 m from the axis of the road. For vehicle widths over 2.5 m, the specified distance must be increased accordingly. 4. At the entrance to the workshop of cars with trailers, the distance from the wall of the workshop to the road should be determined by calculation. 5*. The distances indicated in positions 1 "c" - 1 "e" of this table may be reduced to 3 m during reconstruction, provided that traffic safety is ensured.

3.50. Building structures of tunnels, bridges, overpasses, overpasses, viaducts, galleries, etc. should be located at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the side stone or the outer edge of drainage devices (cuvettes, trays). If necessary, the expansion of the carriageway of roads in the future should be taken into account.
The elevation of the bottom of the building structures of the listed structures above the carriageway of motor roads should be assigned equal to the height of the loaded design vehicle, increased by 1 m, and be at least 5 m.
When justifying the types of vehicles and the dimensions of the transported cargo, it is allowed to take a height dimension of 4.5 m.
3.51. The entry of railway tracks into industrial buildings, as a rule, should be dead-end with the mark of the rail head at the same level as the mark of the floor.
3.52. Distances from the axis of internal railway tracks (except for the tracks on which liquid iron, slag and hot ingots are transported) to buildings and structures should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 6.
3.53. When designing the subgrade of roads and railways for the Northern construction-climatic zone, according to the principle of preserving soils in a frozen state, a strip of territory should be provided along the subgrade, within which structures that can affect its thermal regime cannot be located. The width of such a strip should be determined by calculation.
Table 6

Buildings and constructions	Distance, m, with track, mm
Buildings and constructions	1520(1524)	750
1. External faces of walls or protruding parts of a building: pilasters, buttresses, vestibules, stairs, etc.
a) in the absence of exits from buildings	3,1	2,3
b) if there are exits from buildings	6	5
c) if there are exits from buildings and the installation of protective barriers (at least 10 m long) located between exits from buildings and railroad tracks parallel to building walls	4,1	3,5
2. Stand-alone columns, racks of gate openings of industrial buildings, as well as protruding parts of buildings (pilasters, buttresses, vestibules, stairs, etc.) with their length along the path not exceeding 1000 mm; unloading and loading and unloading devices, devices for maintenance, equipping and repair of rolling stock, as well as other technological devices in a non-working position, located on station (except for main and receiving and departure) tracks.	According to the size of the approach of buildings to the railway tracks:
	GOST9238-83	GOST9720-76
3. Round wood warehouse with a capacity of up to 10,000 m3	5	4,5
4. Warehouse for lumber, chips and sawdust with a capacity of up to 5000 m3	10	9,5
5. Warehouse for flammable liquids with a capacity of up to 2000 m3	20	19,5
6. Warehouse for flammable liquids with a capacity of up to 10,000 m3	10	9,5
7. Warehouse of coal with a capacity of up to 100,000 tons	5	4,5
8. Warehouse for milled peat with a capacity of up to 10,000 tons	10	9,5
9. Sod peat warehouse with a capacity of up to 10,000 tons	10	9,5
Notes: 1. The distances indicated in pos.3 - 9 should be assigned taking into account note 5 of Table 2. 2. External fences of enterprises and territories for which protection is required should be placed at a distance of at least 5 m from the axis of the railway tracks. 3. The approach of railway tracks to roundwood piles in warehouses with a capacity of more than 10,000 m3 should be taken in accordance with the design standards for timber warehouses. four*. The placement of railway tracks between the highway and the wall of the building, from which exits to this road are provided for vehicles, is allowed only according to technological requirements; at the same time, the distance from the wall of the building to the axis of the track must be at least 6 m.

Vertical layout
3.54. Continuous vertical planning of sites (sites) of enterprises, technology parks and territories of industrial hubs should be used with a building density of more than 25%, as well as with a high saturation of enterprise sites with roads and engineering networks, in other cases - selective vertical planning, performing planning work only on sites, where the buildings or structures are located; selective vertical planning should also be used in the presence of rocky soils, while maintaining forests or other green spaces, as well as under adverse hydrogeological conditions.
When designing a vertical layout, the smallest amount of earthworks and the minimum movement of soil within the developed area should be provided.
3.55. At the sites of enterprises, technology parks and industrial sites, it is necessary to provide for the removal (both in the embankment and excavation), storage and temporary storage of the fertile soil layer, where it will not be disturbed, polluted, flooded or flooded during production construction works or in the operation of enterprises, buildings or structures. The storage conditions and the procedure for using the removed fertile soil layer are determined by the authorities that provide land plots for use.
3.56. The slopes of the site surface should be taken not less than 0.003 and not more than 0.05 for clay soils; 0.03 - for sandy soils; 0.01 - for easily eroded soils (loess, fine sands) and 0.03 - for permafrost soils.
Under the conditions of subsiding soils of type II, the minimum slopes of the planned surface of the site should be taken as 0.005.
3.57. When placing enterprises, industrial parks on a slope or at its sole, in order to protect the territory from flooding with water from the upstream side, upland ditches should be arranged. The cross section of ditches and their number should be assigned by calculation in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the design of water supply, external networks and structures.
3.58. On the sites of enterprises, as a rule, a closed network of rain sewers should be provided.
3.59. If it is necessary to use an open drainage network on the sites of enterprises, the smallest dimensions of ditches and ditches of trapezoidal section should be taken: bottom width - 0.3 m, depth - 0.4 m.
3.60. Tank farms or stand-alone tanks with flammable and combustible liquids, liquefied combustible gases, poisonous substances should, as a rule, be located at lower elevations in relation to the buildings and structures of the enterprise and, in accordance with the requirements of fire safety standards, should be surrounded (taking into account the terrain ) solid fireproof walls or earthen ramparts.
In cases where these structures are located at higher elevations, additional measures should be taken to prevent, in case of accidents on ground tanks, the possibility of spilled liquid penetrating beyond the enclosing structures.
3.61. Planning marks for buildings and structures of enterprises, technology parks and industrial units should be assigned based on a comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the developed options; at the same time, as a rule, the balance of earth masses should be ensured.
3.62. When performing the vertical planning of sites of enterprises, industrial parks and industrial sites, it is allowed to use stable, non-rotting and non-decaying production wastes, if they are not aggressive for underground structures and tree plantations.
3.63. When placing industrial units in difficult topographic conditions, individual enterprises of a technopark, an industrial unit, with an appropriate feasibility study, can be located partially or completely in places of poured or cut soil, ensuring, as a rule, the balance of earth masses for the unit as a whole.
The vertical layout project in such cases should be carried out taking into account the sequence of work.
3.64. The floor level of the first floor of buildings should, as a rule, be at least 15 cm higher than the planning mark of the areas adjacent to the buildings.
3.65. The floor mark of basements or other buried premises should be at least 0.5 m above the groundwater level. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of raising the level of groundwater during the operation of the enterprise.
3.66. If it is necessary to drain water along buildings in the absence of sidewalks, trays should be provided near the blind area.
3.67. In the Northern building-climatic zone, the following requirements must be observed for vertical planning:
a) if it is possible to preserve the natural terrain, do not disturb the vegetation and soil cover, as well as natural vegetation (trees, shrubs);
b) during construction according to the I principle of using soils as foundations, vertical planning, when necessary, should be carried out by embankments without disturbing the vegetation cover; cutting is allowed only in areas where the deformation of the bases will not exceed the limit values established for thawing soils;
c) planning marks and volumes of embankments should be assigned taking into account the possibility of soil compaction during thawing;
d) during construction according to principle I, to prevent concentrated discharge of surface water into low relief places;
e) when designing drainage channels in ice-saturated soils, provide for measures to prevent the formation of icing, as well as constructive measures that ensure the hydrothermal regime of the foundations and slopes of ditches in accordance with thermal engineering calculations;
f) when placing enterprises on a slope or at its sole, in order to protect the territory from flooding with water from the upstream side, arrange upland ditches and upland ridges; upland ditches should be located no closer than 5 m from the boundaries of the site.
3.68. Excavations in permafrost soils should have a layer of non-sagging soils below their design elevations to maintain the permafrost state of the base. The layer thickness should be determined according to the results of thermal engineering calculations.
3.69. For the Northern building-climatic zone, the removal of surface inputs at the site of enterprises should be provided only through open ditches or trays, and from recesses - through pipes. The distance from buildings and structures to drains should be determined based on the results of calculations from the condition of maintaining the permafrost state of the soils of the foundations of nearby objects.

landscaping
3.70. Enterprises, technology parks and industrial sites located in areas exposed to winds with an average speed of more than 10 m/s during the three coldest months should be protected by tree plantation strips from the prevailing wind direction. The width of the lanes must be at least 40 m.
3.71. For landscaping the sites of enterprises, technology parks and the territory of industrial sites, local species of trees and shrubs should be used, taking into account their sanitary-protective and decorative properties and resistance to harmful substances emitted by enterprises.
Existing tree plantations should be preserved wherever possible.
Notes: 1. In the area where food industry enterprises, workshops with precise production processes, as well as air blowers, compressor and motor test stations are located, it is prohibited to use tree plantations that emit flakes, fibrous substances and pubescent seeds during flowering.
2. Planting of coniferous trees is not allowed within the limits of the normative fire-prevention distances.
3.72. On the sites of enterprises, technology parks that emit harmful substances into the atmosphere, it is not allowed to place tree and shrub plantations in the form of dense groups and strips that cause accumulation of harmful substances.
3.73. The area of the elements of the territory intended for landscaping within the site of the enterprise, technopark should be determined at the rate of at least 3 per one worker in the most numerous shift. For enterprises, technology parks with 300 employees. and more per 1 hectare of the site of an enterprise, industrial park, the area of the elements of the territory intended for landscaping may be reduced based on the provision of the established indicator of building density. The maximum size of the elements of the territory intended for landscaping should not exceed 15% of the site of the enterprise.
Notes: 1. For the Northern building-climatic zone, the area of the elements of the territory intended for landscaping is not standardized.
2. In the IV climatic zone on the territory of the enterprise, industrial park, a system of watering the elements of the territory intended for landscaping should be provided.
3. Landscaping may be placed on the roofs of buildings.
4. It is allowed to use "mobile gardens" as landscaping, placing trees and shrubs in containers.
3.74. The distance from buildings and structures to trees and shrubs should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 7.
Table 7

3.75. The distances between trees and shrubs during row planting should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 8.
Table 8

3.76. Distances between the border of tree plantations and cooling ponds and spray pools, counting from the coastal edge, should be at least 40 m.
3.77. The main type of landscaping for sites of industrial enterprises, technology parks should be a lawn.
3.78. On the territory of the enterprise, technopark, well-maintained areas for recreation and gymnastic exercises for workers should be provided.
Sites should be located on the windward side in relation to buildings with industries that emit harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
The dimensions of the sites should be taken at the rate of not more than 1 per one worker in the most numerous shift.
3.79. For enterprises, technology parks with industries that emit aerosols, decorative ponds, fountains, rain installations, which increase the concentration of harmful substances at the sites of enterprises, technology parks, should not be provided.
3.80. Along main and industrial roads, sidewalks should be provided in all cases, regardless of the intensity of pedestrian traffic, and along driveways and entrances - with a traffic intensity of at least 100 people. in shift.
3.81. Sidewalks at the site of an enterprise, industrial park, industrial site must be located no closer than 3.75 m from the nearest normal gauge railway track. Reduction of this distance (but not less than the dimensions of the approach of buildings) is allowed when installing railings enclosing the sidewalk.
The distance from the axis of the railway track, along which hot goods are transported, to the sidewalks must be at least 5 m.
Sidewalks along buildings should be placed:
a) in case of organized drainage of water from the roofs of buildings - close to the building line with an increase in the width of the sidewalk by 0.5 m in this case (against that provided for in paragraph 3.82);
b) in case of unorganized drainage of water from roofs - at least 1.5 m from the building line.
3.82*. The width of the sidewalk should be taken as a multiple of the traffic lane with a width of 0.75 m. The number of traffic lanes along the sidewalk should be set depending on the number of workers employed in the most numerous shift in the building (or group of buildings) to which the sidewalk leads, at the rate of 750 people. per lane change. The minimum width of the sidewalk must be at least 1.5 m.
With a pedestrian traffic intensity of less than 100 man-hours in both directions, sidewalks with a width of 1 m are allowed, and when people with disabilities using wheelchairs move along them, they are 1.2 m wide.
Sidewalk slopes intended for the possible passage of disabled people using wheelchairs should not exceed: longitudinal - 5%, transverse - 1%. At the intersection of such sidewalks with the carriageway of the company's roads, the height of the side stone should not exceed 4 cm.
3.83. When sidewalks are placed next to or on a common subgrade with a motor road, they must be separated from the road by a dividing strip with a width of at least 0.8 m. The location of sidewalks close to the carriageway of the motor road is allowed only under the conditions of reconstruction of the enterprise.
When the sidewalk adjoins the roadway, the sidewalk must be at the level of the top of the side stone, but not less than 15 cm above the roadway.
Note. For the Northern construction-climatic zone, sidewalks and bicycle paths along motor roads should be designed on a common subgrade, separating them from the roadway with a lawn of at least 1 m, without installing a side stone, but with a through fence between the lawn and the sidewalk.
3.84. During the reconstruction of enterprises, technology parks located in crowded areas, it is allowed, with appropriate justification, to increase the width of roads due to landscaping strips separating them from sidewalks, and in their absence, at the expense of sidewalks with the transfer of the latter.
3.85*. On the sites (sites) of enterprises, technology parks and industrial hubs, the intersection of pedestrian traffic with railways in places of mass passage of workers, as a rule, is not allowed. When justifying the need for the construction of these intersections, crossings in the same level should be equipped with traffic lights and audible alarm, as well as ensure visibility no less than that provided for in the chapter of SNiP on the design of roads.
Crossings at different levels (mainly in tunnels) should be provided for in the following cases: crossings of station tracks, including exhaust ones; transportation of liquid metals and slag along the routes; the production of shunting work on crossed paths and the impossibility of stopping it for the duration of the mass passage of people; sludge on the tracks of wagons; heavy traffic (more than 50 innings per day in both directions).
When moving around the territory of an enterprise, a technopark for disabled people using wheelchairs, pedestrian tunnels must be equipped with ramps.
Crossings of motor roads with pedestrian paths should be designed in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements.
3.86. Fencing of sites of enterprises should be provided in accordance with the "Guidelines for the design of fences for sites and sections of enterprises, buildings and structures."

4. Placement of engineering networks
4.1. For enterprises, technology parks and industrial hubs, a unified system of engineering networks should be designed, located in technical lanes, ensuring the occupation of the smallest areas of the territory and linking with buildings and structures.
4.2*. At the sites of industrial enterprises, it is necessary to provide mainly ground and above-ground methods for locating engineering networks.
In the pre-factory zones of enterprises, technology parks and public centers of industrial centers, underground placement of engineering networks should be provided.
4.3. For networks for various purposes, it should, as a rule, provide for joint placement in common trenches, tunnels, channels, on low supports, sleepers or overpasses in compliance with the relevant sanitary and fire safety standards and safety rules for the operation of networks.
Joint underground placement of pipelines for circulating water supply, heating networks and gas pipelines with technological pipelines is allowed, regardless of the parameters of the coolant and the parameters of the environment in technological pipelines.
4.4. When designing engineering networks at the sites of enterprises, technology parks located in special natural and climatic conditions, one should also comply with the requirements provided for by the chapters of SNiP on the design of water supply, sewerage, gas supply and heating networks.
4.5. Placement of external networks with flammable and combustible liquids and gases under buildings and structures is not allowed.
4.6. The choice of the method for placing power cable lines should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the "Electrical Installation Rules" (PUE), approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy.
4.7. When placing heat networks, the intersection of production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises is allowed.

underground networks
4.8. Underground networks, as a rule, should be laid outside the carriageway of highways.
On the territory of enterprises under reconstruction, industrial parks, it is allowed to place underground networks under roads.
Notes: 1. Ventilation shafts, entrances and other devices of channels and tunnels should be located outside the carriageway and in places free from buildings.
2. With channelless laying, it is allowed to place networks within the limits of roadsides.
4.9. In the Northern building-climatic zone, engineering networks, as a rule, should be laid together in tunnels and channels, preventing changes in the temperature regime of the soils of the foundations of nearby buildings and structures.
Note. Water supply, sewerage and drainage networks should be placed in the zone of temperature influence of heating networks.
4.10. In channels and tunnels, it is allowed to place gas pipelines of combustible gases (natural, associated petroleum, artificial mixed and liquefied hydrocarbons) with a gas pressure of up to 0.6 MPa (6) together with other pipelines and communication cables, provided that ventilation and lighting are installed in channels and tunnels in in accordance with sanitary standards.
Joint placement in the channel and tunnel is not allowed: gas pipelines of combustible gases with power and lighting cables, with the exception of cables for lighting the channel or tunnel itself; pipelines of heating networks with liquefied gas pipelines, oxygen pipelines, nitrogen pipelines, cold pipelines, pipelines with flammable, volatile, chemically caustic and toxic substances and household sewerage; pipelines of flammable and combustible liquids with power cables and communication cables, with fire-fighting water supply and gravity sewerage networks; oxygen pipelines with gas pipelines of combustible gases, flammable and combustible liquids with pipelines of toxic liquids and with power cables.
Notes: 1. Joint placement in common channels and tunnels of pipelines of flammable and combustible liquids with pressure water supply networks (except for fire fighting) and pressure sewerage is allowed.
2. Channels and tunnels designed to accommodate pipelines with flammable, explosive and toxic materials (liquids) must have exits at least 60 m apart and at their ends.
4.11*. Underground engineering networks should be placed in parallel in a common trench; at the same time, the distances between engineering networks, as well as from these networks to the foundations of buildings and structures, should be taken as the minimum allowable based on the size and placement of chambers, wells and other devices on these networks, the conditions for installing and repairing networks.
Horizontal distances (in the light) from the nearest underground engineering networks, with the exception of gas pipelines of combustible gases, to buildings and structures should be taken no more than those indicated in Table 9. The distances from combustible gas pipelines to buildings and structures indicated in this table are minimum.
Horizontal distances (in the light) between adjacent underground engineering networks with their parallel placement should be taken no more than those indicated in Table 10.
4.12. When laying a cable line parallel to a high-voltage line (VL) with a voltage of 110 kV and higher, the horizontal distance (in the light) from the cable to the outermost wire must be at least 10 m.
Under the conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, the distance from cable lines to underground parts and ground electrodes of individual supports of overhead lines with a voltage above 1000 V can be taken at least 2 m, while the horizontal distance (in the light) to the outermost wire of the overhead line is not standardized.
4.13*. When crossing engineering networks, vertical distances (in the light) must be at least:
a) between pipelines or electric cables, communication cables and railway and tram tracks, counting from the bottom of the rail, or highways, counting from the top of the coating to the top of the pipe (or its case) or electric cable, - according to the calculation for the strength of the network, but not less than 0 .6 m;
b) between pipelines and electric cables placed in channels or tunnels, and railways, the vertical distance, counting from the top of the canal or tunnel overlap to the bottom of the railway rails, is 1 m, to the bottom of the ditch or other drainage structures or the base of the railway earthen embankment canvases - 0.5 m;
c) between pipelines and power cables with voltage up to 35 kV and communication cables - 0.5 m;
d) between power cables with a voltage of 110 - 220 kV and pipelines - 1 m;
e) in the conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, subject to the requirements of the EMP, the distance between cables of all voltages and pipelines can be reduced to 0.25 m;
f) between pipelines for various purposes (with the exception of sewer pipes crossing water pipes and pipelines for toxic and foul-smelling liquids) - 0.2 m;
g) pipelines transporting drinking water should be placed 0.4 m above sewer or pipelines transporting toxic and foul-smelling liquids;
h) it is allowed to place steel, enclosed in cases, pipelines transporting drinking-quality water below sewer pipes, while the distance from the walls of the sewer pipes to the edge of the case must be at least 5 m in each direction in clay soils and 10 m in coarse and sandy soils , and sewer pipelines should be provided from cast iron pipes;
i) inlets of domestic and drinking water supply with a pipe diameter of up to 150 mm may be provided below the sewer without a case, if the distance between the walls of the intersecting pipes is 0.5 m;
j) for channelless laying of pipelines of water heating networks open system heat supply or hot water supply networks, the distances from these pipelines to the sewer pipelines located below and above should be taken as 0.4 m.
4.14. When placing engineering networks vertically on the sites of industrial enterprises and territories of industrial hubs, the norms of the chapters of SNiP on the design of water supply, sewerage, gas supply, heating networks, facilities of industrial enterprises, PUE should be observed.
4.15. When crossing channels or tunnels for various purposes, gas pipelines should be placed above or below these structures in cases protruding 2 m on both sides of the outer walls of the channels or tunnels. It is allowed to lay underground gas pipelines in a case with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa (6) through tunnels for various purposes.
Table 9

Table 9 continued

Table 10

Table 10 continued

4.16. Crossings of pipelines with railway and tram tracks, as well as with roads, should be provided, as a rule, at an angle of 90 °. In some cases, with appropriate justification, it is allowed to reduce the angle of intersection to 45 °.
The distance from gas pipelines and heating networks to the beginning of the wisecracks, the tail of the crosses and the places where suction cables are attached to the rails should be taken at least 3 m for tram tracks and 10 m for railways.
4.17. The intersection of cable lines laid directly in the ground with the tracks of electrified rail transport should be provided at an angle of 75 - 90 ° to the axis of the track. The crossing point must be at least 10 m for railways and at least 3 m for tram tracks from the beginning of the wits, the tail of the crosses and the places where suction cables are attached to the rails.
In the event of a cable line transitioning into an overhead cable, it must come to the surface at a distance of at least 3.5 m from the bottom of the embankment or from the edge of the railway or highway bed.

Terrestrial networks
4.18. When placing networks on the ground, it is necessary to provide for their protection from mechanical damage and adverse atmospheric effects.
Ground networks should be placed on sleepers laid in open trays, at elevations below the planning elevations of the sites (territory). Other types of ground-based placement of networks are allowed (in channels and tunnels laid on the surface of the territory or on continuous bedding, in channels and tunnels of a semi-buried type, in open trenches, etc.).
4.19. Pipelines for combustible gases, toxic products, pipelines through which acids and alkalis are transported, as well as domestic sewage pipelines are not allowed to be placed in open trenches and trays.
4.20. Ground networks are not allowed to be placed within the strip allocated for laying underground networks in trenches and channels that require periodic access to them during operation.

Overhead networks
4.21. Above-ground engineering networks should be placed on supports, overpasses, in galleries or on the walls of buildings and structures.
4.22. The intersection of cable racks and galleries with overhead power lines, intra-factory railways and roads, cable cars, overhead communication and radio lines and pipelines should be carried out at an angle of at least 30 °.
4.23*. It is not allowed to place overground networks:
a) transit on-site pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases along overpasses, free-standing columns and supports made of combustible materials, as well as along the walls and roofs of buildings, with the exception of buildings of I, II, IIIa fire resistance degrees with production of categories C, D and D;
b) pipelines with flammable liquid and gaseous products in the galleries, if the mixing of products can cause an explosion or fire;
c) pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases; on combustible coatings and walls;
on the coatings and walls of buildings in which explosive materials are placed;
d) gas pipelines of combustible gases:
on the territory of warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids and materials.
Note. The on-site pipeline is transit in relation to those buildings, the technological installations of which do not produce and do not consume liquids and gases transported through the specified pipelines.
4.24. Aboveground pipelines for flammable and combustible liquids, laid on separate supports, overpasses, etc., should be placed at a distance of at least 3 m from the walls of buildings with openings, from walls without openings this distance can be reduced to 0.5 m.
4.25. On low supports, pressure pipelines with liquids and gases, as well as power and communication cables, located:
a) in the technical lanes of the sites of enterprises specially designated for these purposes;
b) on the territory of warehouses for liquid products and liquefied gases.
4.26. The height from ground level to the bottom of pipes (or the surface of their insulation) laid on low supports in a free area outside the passage of vehicles and the passage of people should be taken at least:
with a pipe group width of at least 1.5 m - 0.35 m; with a pipe group width of 1.5 m or more - 0.5 m.
The placement of pipelines with a diameter of 300 mm or less on low supports should be provided in two rows or more vertically, minimizing the width of the network route.
4.27*. The height from ground level to the bottom of pipes or the surface of insulation laid on high supports should be taken:
a) in the impassable part of the site (territory), in places where people pass - 2.2 m;
b) at the intersection with roads (from the top of the carriageway) - 5 m;
c) at the intersection with internal railway access roads and common network tracks - in accordance with GOST 9238-83;
d) excluded;
e) at the intersection with tram tracks - 7.1 m from the rail head;
f) at the intersection with the contact network of the trolleybus (from the top of the pavement of the carriageway) - 7.3 m;
g) at the intersection of pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases with internal railway sidings for the transport of molten iron or hot slag (up to the rail head) - 10 m; when installing thermal protection of pipelines - 6 m.
──────────────────────────────
* A group of enterprises with common facilities located on the site of one of the enterprises, technoparks, or on a separate site or lands of municipal, state property, hereinafter referred to as the "industrial hub".

BUILDING REGULATIONS

MASTER PLANS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

SNiP II-89-80 *

EDITION OFFICIAL

Глава СНиП ІІ-89-80 «Генеральные планы промышленных предприятий» разработана ЦНИИпромзданий с участием Промтрансниипроекта Союзводоканалпроекта, Промстройпроекта, Ленинградского Промстройпроекта, Харьковского Промстройниипроекта, Донецкого Промстройниипроекта, Уральского Промстройннипроекта Госстроя СССР, Тяжпромэлектропроекта им Ф. Б. Якубовского Минмонтажспецстроя СССР, ЦНИНГрадостроитальства Госгражданстроя ВНИПИэнергопрома Минэнерго USSR, Giproniigaz of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR Higher Fire Engineering School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

Architect editors. Yu.V Polyansky(Gosstroy of the USSR), Ph.D. archit. E.S. Matveev, eng. A. I. Gavrilov, archit. I. P. Saint Laurent(Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings)

SNiP II-89-80 * is a reissue of SNiP II-89-80 with amendments and additions approved by the resolutions of the Gosstroy of the USSR and the Gosstroy of Russia as of November 1, 1994.

Sections of the table items, the formulas in which changes have been made, are marked in these building codes and rules with an asterisk.

When using a regulatory document, one should take into account the approved changes in building codes and regulations and state standards published in the journal "Bulletin of Construction Equipment" and the information index " State standards» Gosstandart of Russia.

1. General Provisions

1.1. The norms of this chapter must be observed when designing master plans for new, expanded and reconstructed industrial enterprises, as well as when developing schemes for master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial hubs).

2. Placement of enterprises

2.1. Designed enterprises, as a rule, should be placed as part of a group of enterprises with common facilities 1 in accordance with the "Instructions for the development of schemes for master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial units)".

2.2. Enterprises and industrial units should be located on the territory provided for by the scheme or project of the district planning, the general plan of the city or other settlement, the planning project of the industrial area.

2.3*. Enterprises, industrial sites and associated dumps, waste, treatment facilities should be located on non-agricultural lands or unsuitable for agriculture.

In the absence of such land, plots on agricultural land of poorer quality may be selected.

Placement of enterprises and industrial units on the lands of the state forest fund should be carried out mainly in areas not covered with forest or occupied by shrubs and low-value plantations.

2.4. Placement of enterprises and industrial units on the areas of occurrence of minerals is allowed in agreement with the state mining supervision bodies, and on the areas of occurrence of common minerals - in the manner established by law.

Placement of enterprises and industrial units is not allowed:

a) in the first belt of the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources;

b) in the first zone of the district of sanitary protection of resorts, if the objects being designed are not directly related to the operation of the resort's natural medicinal products;

c) in green areas of cities;

d) on the lands of nature reserves and their protected zones;

e) in the zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments without the permission of the relevant authorities for the protection of monuments;

f) in hazardous areas of rock dumps of coal and shale mines or processing plants;

g) in areas of active karst, landslides, subsidence or collapse of the surface under the influence of mining, mudflows and snow avalanches, which may threaten the development and operation of enterprises;

h) in areas contaminated with organic and radioactive waste, before the expiration date. established by the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service;

i) in areas of possible catastrophic flooding as a result of the destruction of dams or dams.

Note. A zone of catastrophic flooding is a territory where flooding has a depth of 1.5 m or more and can lead to the destruction of buildings and structures, death of people, and failure of equipment of enterprises.

2.5. The territories of industrial hubs should not, as a rule, be divided into separate sections by railways or roads of a common network.

2.6. Placement of enterprises in seismic areas should be provided in accordance with the "Guidelines for the placement of construction objects and limiting the number of storeys of buildings in seismic areas."

2.7. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, enterprises should, as a rule, be located on sites with rocky, permafrost, homogeneous or thawed non-subsidence soils.

With an appropriate feasibility study, it is allowed to locate enterprises in areas with foundation soils with permafrost temperatures close to 0 ° C, as well as with significant ice saturation and other unfavorable permafrost-soil conditions.

2.8. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of the atmospheric air, the "Law of the USSR on the Protection of Atmospheric Air" must be observed. ____________________

1 A group of enterprises with common facilities is hereinafter referred to as an "industrial site".

2.9. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the habitat and conditions for the reproduction of animals, the “Law of the USSR on the Protection and Use of the Wildlife” must be observed.

2.10. Enterprises and industrial sites with sources of atmospheric air pollution with harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes should not be located in areas with prevailing winds at a speed of up to 1 m/s, with prolonged or frequently recurring calms, inversions, fogs (for a year more than 30-40%, during winter 50-60% days).

2.11. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of atmospheric air pollution should be located in relation to residential buildings, taking into account the prevailing winds.

Enterprises that require special purity of atmospheric air should not be located on the leeward side of the winds of the prevailing direction in relation to neighboring enterprises with sources of atmospheric air pollution.

2.12. Between the industrial and residential areas it is necessary to provide a sanitary protection zone.

2.13. Industrial hubs, which include enterprises that require, according to the calculation, the organization of a sanitary protection zone with a width of 500 m or more, should not include enterprises that, in accordance with the chapter of the SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements, can be located near borders or within a residential area.

2.14. Production facilities with external noise sources with sound levels of 50 dBA or more should be located in relation to residential and public buildings in accordance with the SNiP chapter on noise protection.

2.15. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of water, the Fundamentals of the Water Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics must be observed.

2.16. Placement of enterprises in the coastal strips (zones) of water bodies is allowed only if necessary, the direct adjacency of the site of the enterprise to water bodies in agreement with the authorities for regulating the use and protection of water. The number and length of adjoining sites of enterprises to water bodies should be minimal.

2.17. When placing enterprises and industrial units on the coastal sections of rivers and other water bodies, the planning marks of the sites of enterprises should be taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated highest water horizon, taking into account the backwater and slope of the watercourse, as well as surge from the estimated wave height, determined in accordance with with the head of SNiP on loads and impacts on hydraulic structures. For the calculated horizon, the highest water level should be taken with the probability of exceeding it for enterprises of national economic and defense importance, once every 100 years, for other enterprises - once every 50 years, and for enterprises with a service life of up to 10 years - once every 10 years.

Notes: 1. Placement of enterprises in areas with a more frequent excess of the water level is allowed with an appropriate feasibility study and subject to the construction of the necessary structures to protect enterprises from flooding.

2. The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to enterprises, their individual buildings and structures, as well as to objects for which, according to the operating conditions, their short-term flooding is allowed.

3. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, buildings and structures in coastal areas should be placed taking into account the increase in the soil thawing bowl near the shore of the reservoir and the resulting change in the temperature and hydrogeological regime of the soil.

2.18. Enterprises that require the construction of cargo berths, piers or other port facilities should be located downstream of the river below the residential area.

2.19. The placement of buildings and structures at a distance of up to 30 km from the borders of airfields, and especially tall structures (200 m or more) at a distance of up to 75 km from the borders of airfields is allowed, subject to the requirements of the Air Code of the USSR.

2.20*. In case of location of enterprises in the area of location of radio stations, objects of special purpose, warehouses of highly toxic substances, the distance to the designed enterprises from these objects must be taken in accordance with the requirements of special standards.

2.21*. Placement of enterprises near facilities for the manufacture and storage of explosives, materials and products based on them should be carried out taking into account the boundaries of prohibited (dangerous) zones and areas, determined by special regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner, and in agreement with state supervision bodies, ministries and departments in whose jurisdiction these objects are located.

2.22. The construction of dumps, slag reservoirs, tailings, waste and refuse from enterprises is allowed only if it is justified that it is impossible to dispose of them, while centralized (group) dumps should, as a rule, be provided for industrial units. Sites for them should be located outside the enterprises and the II zone of the zones of sanitary protection of underground water sources in compliance with sanitary standards.

Dumps containing coal, shale, arsenic. lead, mercury and other combustible and toxic substances must be separated from residential and public buildings and structures by a sanitary protection zone. The distance between the dumps of coal or shale mines and production and storage buildings should be set not less than the size of the danger zone of shift of dumps, determined in accordance with the "Safety Rules in Coal and Shale Mines" approved by the USSR Ministry of Coal Industry and USSR Gosgortekhnadzor in the prescribed manner.

Note. In the Northern building-climatic zone, between dumps, buildings and structures, in addition to the indicated zones, distances must be observed to ensure the preservation of the design temperature regime of frozen soils of the foundations of these buildings and structures.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

MASTER PLANS
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

SNiPII-89-80 *

Moscow 1994

Chapter SNiP II-89-80 "General plans for industrial enterprises" was developed by the Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings with the participation of Promtransniiproekt Soyuzvodokanalproekt, Promstroyproekt, Leningrad Promstroyproekt, Kharkov Promstroyniproekt, Donetsk Industrial Construction Project, Ural Industrial Construction Project of the State Construction Committee of the USSR, Tyazhpromelektroproekt named after F. B. Yakubovsky USSR, Giproniigaz of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR Higher Fire Engineering School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

Architect editors. Yu.V Polyansky(Gosstroy of the USSR), Ph.D. archit. E.S. Matveev, eng. A. I. Gavrilov, archit. I. P. Saint Laurent(Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings)

SNiP II-89-80 * is a reissue of SNiP II-89-80 with amendments and additions approved by the resolutions of the Gosstroy of the USSR and the Gosstroy of Russia as of November 1, 1994.

Sections of the table items, the formulas in which changes have been made, are marked in these building codes and rules with an asterisk.

When using normative document the approved changes in building codes and regulations and state standards published in the Bulletin of Construction Equipment magazine and the State Standards information index of the State Standard of Russia should be taken into account.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. LOCATION OF ENTERPRISES

1 A group of enterprises with common facilities is hereinafter referred to as an "industrial site".

2.3*. Enterprises, industrial sites and associated dumps, waste, treatment facilities should be located on non-agricultural lands or unsuitable for agriculture.

In the absence of such land, plots on agricultural land of poorer quality may be selected.

Placement of enterprises and industrial units on the lands of the state forest fund should be carried out mainly in areas not covered with forest or occupied by shrubs and low-value plantations.

Placement of enterprises and industrial units is not allowed:

a) in the first belt of the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources;

b) in the first zone of the district of sanitary protection of resorts, if the objects being designed are not directly related to the operation of the resort's natural medicinal products;

c) in green areas of cities;

d) on the lands of nature reserves and their protected zones;

e) in the zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments without the permission of the relevant authorities for the protection of monuments;

f) in hazardous areas of rock dumps of coal and shale mines or processing plants;

h) in areas contaminated with organic and radioactive waste, before the expiration date. established by the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service;

i) in areas of possible catastrophic flooding as a result of the destruction of dams or dams.

Note. A zone of catastrophic flooding is a territory where flooding has a depth of 1.5 m or more and can lead to the destruction of buildings and structures, death of people, and failure of equipment of enterprises.

2.5. The territories of industrial hubs should not, as a rule, be divided into separate sections by railways or roads of a common network.

2.7. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, enterprises should, as a rule, be located on sites with rocky, permafrost, homogeneous or thawed non-subsidence soils.

2.8. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of atmospheric air, the “Law of the USSR on the Protection of Atmospheric Air” must be observed.

2.11. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of atmospheric air pollution should be located in relation to residential buildings, taking into account the prevailing winds.

2.12. Between the industrial and residential areas it is necessary to provide a sanitary protection zone.

2.15. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of water, the Fundamentals of the Water Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics must be observed.

2.18. Enterprises that require the construction of cargo berths, piers or other port facilities should be located downstream of the river below the residential area.

Note. In the Northern building-climatic zone, between dumps, buildings and structures, in addition to the indicated zones, distances must be observed to ensure the preservation of the design temperature regime of frozen soils of the foundations of these buildings and structures.

Building regulations
SNiP II-89-80*

"General plans for industrial enterprises"

(approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the USSR of December 30, 1980 N 213)
(as amended January 11, 1985)

1. General Provisions

1.1. The norms of this chapter must be observed when designing master plans for new, expanded and reconstructed industrial enterprises, as well as when developing schemes for master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial hubs).

2. Placement of enterprises

2.1. Designed enterprises, as a rule, should be placed as part of a group of enterprises with common facilities * in accordance with the "Instructions for the development of schemes for master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial units)".

2.2. Enterprises and industrial units should be located on the territory provided for by the scheme or project of the district planning, the general plan of the city or other settlement, the planning project of the industrial area.

2.3*. Enterprises, industrial sites and associated dumps, waste, treatment facilities should be located on non-agricultural lands or unsuitable for agriculture.
In the absence of such land, plots on agricultural land of poorer quality may be selected.
Placement of enterprises and industrial units on the lands of the state forest fund should be carried out mainly in areas not covered with forest or occupied by shrubs and low-value plantations.

2.4. Placement of enterprises and industrial units on the areas of occurrence of minerals is allowed in agreement with the state mining supervision bodies, and on the areas of occurrence of common minerals - in the manner established by law.
Placement of enterprises and industrial units is not allowed:
a) in the first belt of the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources;
b) in the first zone of the district of sanitary protection of resorts, if the objects being designed are not directly related to the operation of the resort's natural medicinal products;
c) in green areas of cities;
d) on the lands of nature reserves and their protected zones;
e) in the zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments without the permission of the relevant authorities for the protection of monuments;
f) in hazardous areas of rock dumps of coal and shale mines or processing plants;
g) in areas of active karst, landslides, subsidence or collapse of the surface under the influence of mining, mudflows and snow avalanches, which may threaten the development and operation of enterprises;
h) in areas contaminated with organic and radioactive waste, before the expiration of the deadlines established by the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service;
i) in areas of possible catastrophic flooding as a result of the destruction of dams or dams.
Note. A zone of catastrophic flooding is a territory where flooding has a depth of 1.5 m or more and can lead to the destruction of buildings and structures, death of people, and failure of equipment of enterprises.

2.5. The territories of industrial hubs should not, as a rule, be divided into separate sections by railways or roads of a common network.

2.6. Placement of enterprises in seismic areas should be provided in accordance with the "Guidelines for the placement of construction objects and limiting the number of storeys of buildings in seismic areas."

2.7. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, enterprises should, as a rule, be located on sites with rocky, permafrost, homogeneous or thawed non-subsidence soils.

2.8. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of atmospheric air, the "Law of the USSR on the Protection of Atmospheric Air" must be observed.

2.9. When placing enterprises and industrial units that affect the habitat and breeding conditions of animals, the "Law of the USSR on the Protection and Use of the Wildlife" must be observed.

2.10. Enterprises and industrial sites with sources of atmospheric air pollution with harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes should not be located in areas with prevailing winds at a speed of up to 1 m/s, with prolonged or frequently recurring calms, inversions, fogs (for a year more than 30 - 40%, during winter 50 - 60% days).

2.11. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of atmospheric air pollution should be located in relation to residential buildings, taking into account the prevailing winds.
Enterprises that require special purity of atmospheric air should not be located on the leeward side of the winds of the prevailing direction in relation to neighboring enterprises with sources of atmospheric air pollution.

2.12. Between the industrial and residential areas it is necessary to provide a sanitary protection zone.

2.13. Industrial hubs, which include enterprises that require, according to the calculation, the organization of a sanitary protection zone with a width of 500 m or more, should not include enterprises that, in accordance with the chapter of the SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements, can be located near borders or within a residential area.

2.14. Production facilities with external noise sources with sound levels of 50 dBA or more should be located in relation to residential and public buildings in accordance with the SNiP chapter on noise protection.

2.15. When placing enterprises and industrial centers that affect the state of waters, the Fundamentals of the Water Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics must be observed.

2.16. Placement of enterprises in the coastal strips (zones) of water bodies is allowed only if it is necessary to directly adjoin the site of the enterprise to water bodies in agreement with the authorities for regulating the use and protection of water. The number and length of adjoining sites of enterprises to water bodies should be minimal.

2.17. When placing enterprises and industrial units on the coastal sections of rivers and other water bodies, the planning marks of the sites of enterprises should be taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated highest water horizon, taking into account the backwater and slope of the watercourse, as well as surge from the estimated wave height, determined in accordance with with the head of SNiP on loads and impacts on hydraulic structures ...

Snip 2 89 80 updated version. Master plans for industrial enterprises

1. General Provisions

2. Placement of enterprises

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. LOCATION OF ENTERPRISES

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