Patrol ship skr 50 project. Small patrol ships pr.50

Just before the war in the USSR, an attempt was made to improve the "park" of watchdogs. Project 29 was developed with a displacement increased to 1000 tons, but the series did not have time to deploy. In 1947-1951. according to the corrected project 29K, only five ships were completed. They no longer met the requirements arising from the experience of the war.

Meanwhile, the Great Patriotic War revealed a significant need for the fleet in relatively inexpensive ships for escort and patrol service. At that time, a grandiose ten-year military shipbuilding plan of 1946-1955 was unfolding, according to which it was planned to build 177 patrol ships. But first it was necessary to determine their appearance. The situation was complicated by the fact that, according to I.V. Stalin, the new TFR was supposed to be in some way universal - so that it could also be used for the border service.

From this followed the main difficult compatible requirements - a small displacement and good seaworthiness. The fleet command demanded an increase in displacement to 2000 tons. In July 1946, the Navy issued an assignment to develop a new project 42 patrol ship. It was supposed to have a displacement of 1800 tons, armament from two twin 130-mm artillery mounts CM-2, four twin mm and three quadruple 25-mm anti-aircraft guns, one three-tube 533-mm torpedo tube. Anti-submarine weapons included bombers and bomb throwers. Speed ​​- about 27 knots, cruising range - 5000 miles cruising speed (14-16 knots). Two types of propulsion system were worked out: boiler-turbine or diesel.

In practice, it turned out to be a destroyer with a weakened torpedo armament, for which a hard “stick” was received from the supreme leadership and a requirement to finally decide on the type of ship. After all, one ship was needed for coastal action, and a completely different one for the ocean zone. The second type was not yet relevant. Indeed, in the first post-war decade, they were not going to go out into the open ocean.

Out of fright, two projects were made at once: 47 with B-34 artillery mounts and 44 with SM-5 mounts. Both systems had a 100 mm caliber. Thus, the TFR project was almost buried altogether, because. there was a struggle with the industry for each new type of ship, and here there are two at once, fundamentally no different from each other.

After a competitive pre-draft design between TsKB-32 and TsKB-53, further work was entrusted to TsKB-32 under the index project 42. The ship's hull is smooth-deck with a relatively large freeboard, which ensured acceptable seaworthiness and the use of weapons without a limit of up to four points. Displacement of TFR: standard - 1350 tons, total - 1680 tons. Dimensions: 96.6x11x3.13 m. Engine type: 2 boiler-turbine units of 13900 l / s. Travel speed - 29.6 knots. Cruising range - 3000 miles at 13.7 knots. Autonomy - 10 days. The armament consisted of 4x1100 mm B-34, 2x2 37 mm machine guns, 1x3 533 mm torpedo tubes, 2 bomb throwers, 2 bomb releasers. Crew - 211 people. All relying at that time electronic equipment was present: radar stations detection of surface targets, air surveillance, fire control, hydroacoustic station. In total, plant 820 in Kaliningrad (now the Yantar Baltic Shipyard) in 1951-1953. built eight Project 42 ships.

Special mention should be made of the 100 mm B-34 gun. It was put into service in 1940, and was created as a semi-automatic anti-aircraft gun. The gun was placed in a semi-open tower, which in the fifties was already an anachronism. There was a lot of recoil when fired. Once, an unpleasant incident even happened to this weapon. The Amur flotilla received two Japanese gunboats armed with twin 122-mm guns as trophies. In the process of modernization, they were replaced with single-barreled 100-mm B-34s, thereby obviously reducing their combat power. During a test shooting on the KL-55, the body of the gunboat simply fell apart - due to the recoil during the shot, all the rivets flew out.

Project 42 TFRs were still being built, but everyone was well aware that they had clearly done something completely different from what they wanted. That is why in 1949 an attempt was made to return to project 44. For mass construction, they decided to unify it in the same building with the project 259 minesweeper. Standard displacement - 1500 tons. Armament: 2x2 100-mm SM-5 guns, 4x2 45-mm SM-16 anti-aircraft guns, 4x2 25-mm 2M-3 anti-aircraft guns, 1x3 533-mm TA, 1x24-barreled rocket launcher, 6 stock bombers, bomb throwers. Three variants of the power plant were envisaged: diesel, gas turbine and boiler-turbine. The maximum speed was set at 28.5 knots, and the cruising range at 16-knot speed was 4000 miles. Ship dimensions: 100x10.2x3.4 m.

The study of the project showed that it was necessary to increase the displacement, which the higher authorities did not agree to. It's a pity! The possibility of unification was lost, including in terms of armament. After all, the SM-5 guns were installed on the cruisers of projects 68K and 68bis. Well, our then leadership (consider, first of all, I.V. Stalin) did not want to build patrol boats with a displacement of more than 1000 tons!

The task for the development of a new patrol ship of project 50 with reduced displacement was issued in 1950. Ultimately, TsKB-53 took over its implementation.

In order to reduce the displacement compared to project 42, the number of 100-mm B-34 guns was reduced by one unit, and the cruising range was limited to 1000 miles. The placement of the power plant was taken linear in order to "cut" the length of the hull, the three-pipe apparatus was replaced with a two-pipe one. Then they found an opportunity to increase the amount of fuel, and the cruising range increased to 2000 miles. Later they returned to the three-pipe torpedo tube.

The designers carefully worked out the contours of the hull. The sheer in the bow was increased. As a result, the seaworthiness of the Project 50 TFR turned out to be higher than that of the larger Project 42 patrol boats and Project 30bis destroyers. Displacement: standard - 1068 tons, total - 1200 tons. Dimensions: 91.6x10.2x2.8 m. Power of boiler and turbine plants 2x10000 l / s. Travel speed - 28.5 knots. Cruising range - 2000 miles at 14.5 knots. Autonomy - 5 days. Armament: 3x1 100-mm B-34, 2x2 37-mm machine guns, 1x2 (3) - 533-mm TA, 2 bombers and 2 bomb releasers. Crew - 168 people. During the modernization under the 50PLO project, two RBU-2500 jet bombers were installed on a part of the TFR.

In general, the ship, which received the nickname "Fifty dollars" in the fleet, turned out to be successful. In 1954-1959. 68 such TFRs were built. But they also had significant shortcomings. So, the 42 B-34 guns inherited from the TFR project were clearly outdated, not meeting the requirements of the time. And the option of transition to new systems was available. Under new program military shipbuilding for 1956-1965. project 49 was developed for a patrol ship with 100-mm twin SM-39 assault rifles, specially designed for the TFR. On project 49, anti-aircraft weapons were strengthened. The ship received 3x4 45-mm machine guns. Anti-submarine weapons included two RBU-2500 jet bombers and 1x5 533-mm TA. In other words, it was finally possible to get something desired. It was planned to build in 1960-1965. 35 such ships. But none of them were bookmarked.

Attempts to radically modernize the TFR of project 50, of course, were made. So, in the second quarter of 1965, the fleet issued a technical task, according to which it was planned to completely replace the weapons with more modern ones. According to the results of the study, the TFR was supposed to have 2x2 76-mm AK-726 universal guns, 2x2 30-mm AK-230 assault rifles, two RBU-6000 bombers, 1x5 400-mm TA for firing anti-submarine torpedoes. Changed radar and hydroacoustics.

After lengthy discussions, it was decided to abandon the modernization of "fifty kopecks" in favor of the construction of TFR new projects. It was considered that the project 50 watchdogs would serve their lives in their original form. And these magnificent sailors, made of fine steel, served and served.

They replenished the fleets and foreign states. 16 guards were transferred to the Navy of Finland, Indonesia, East Germany and Bulgaria. Another 4 ships under license and using Soviet components were built in China for the PLA Navy. Instead of torpedo tubes, the Chinese TFR (the so-called Chengdu type 01) was equipped with a launcher for two HY-2 anti-ship missiles (a version of the Soviet P-15 missiles). These attack ships were part of the PLA Navy until the early 90s of the last century.

The last attempt to modernize the Project 50 TFR was made in the USSR in the first quarter of 1976. It was decided to completely replace their weapons in order to bring the ships up to the requirements of the seventies. According to the results of the study, the armament of the “fifty kopecks” should have looked like this: 1x76-mm automatic artillery mount AK-176, 2x6 30-mm AK-630 assault rifles, Osa-M air defense systems, 2 RBU-6000, 2x2 533-mm TA for firing anti-submarine torpedoes and related electronics.

Again, they discussed for a long time whether it was worth allocating significant funds for modernization. After all, the ships then were already on average twenty years old. As a result, it was considered that these TFRs would soon have to be written off, and again they were left in their original form. But they were not going to give up and served for more than a decade.

The First World War revealed the need to create another class of light ships - patrol ships with the purpose of protecting ships and transports at sea from attacks by submarines, torpedo boats and aircraft, carrying out sentinel service, and actively supporting the actions of ground forces in skerry areas. In the Russian Navy, the issue of designing patrol ships was raised already in 1924. Design studies showed that in order to carry out the assigned tasks, such ships must have a speed of about 30 knots, an economic cruising range (16 knots) of about 1500 miles, and carry torpedo weapons , depth charges, artillery installations with a caliber of about 100 mm, anti-aircraft artillery and machine guns. Already by 1927, the technical design of the Hurricane-class patrol ship (later it was assigned No. - Project 2) was developed and approved. These were the first warships designed and built under Soviet rule. The total displacement of the ship was 534 tons, length 71.5 m, speed 25.8 knots, armament 2 x 102 mm, 4 x 45 mm gun mounts, one 3-tube 400 mm torpedo tube, crew - 101 people. In 1927, 8 units were laid. ships of the project, of which 6 units. in Leningrad, 2 units. in Nikolaev. Subsequently, the design of the ship was corrected twice and successively received Nos. 4 and 39. At the same time, there were no significant changes in the project. On pr. 4 in Leningrad and Nikolaev, 4 units were laid. ships (SKR "Metel", "Vyuga", "Thunder", "Burun"). In disassembled form, these ships were transported to Vladivostok and assembled there at Dalzavod. These ships subsequently became part of the created OVR formation. According to project 39, again in Leningrad and Nikolaev, 6 units were laid. of which 2 units. (TFR "Lightning", "Zarnitsa") were transported disassembled and assembled at Dalzavod. In total, until 1938, 18 units were built. patrol ships of this type, 8 units. of these, the ships of the Pacific Fleet were killed. In 1937, the leadership of the Navy issued a tactical and technical assignment for the design of a patrol ship that was larger, faster, more heavily armed than the Hurricane type. Project 29 became such. The total displacement of the ship of the new project reached 995 tons, length - 85.7 m, speed 34 knots, cruising range (15 knots) 2700 miles, the number of guns of the main caliber (100 mm) brought to 3. Before the start of the war, 14 units were laid at 3 plants under this project. ships (in Leningrad at plant No. 190 - 8 units, in Nikolaev at plant No. 198 - 4 units. , in Komsomolsk-on-Amur at the plant number 199 - 2 units). In total, a series of 30 units was supposed. Before the start of the war, 3 units were launched. With the outbreak of war, the construction of the ships of the project was suspended. During the war years, only one ship was completed.
The requirements arising from the experience of the war, as shown by the studies performed, did not fully meet the patrol ships under construction, Project 29. Nevertheless, 6 units. according to the corrected project 29K in 1947-51. were completed (two by plant No. 199 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (SKR Albatross, Burevestnik), two by plant No. 190 in Leningrad, two by plant No. high requirements for patrol ships.First of all, it became necessary to give them high seaworthiness, ensuring safe navigation in any sea state, with the ability to use weapons in seas of 5-6 points. against sea and air targets, equipping with rapid-fire anti-aircraft guns, means of remote automatic control of artillery fire using radar for detecting surface and air targets. bombo metov. It turned out to be impossible to achieve the necessary improvement in the performance characteristics of the skr based on Project 29 with a more radical revision of the project, and a decision was made to design a new ship. They became project 42. On the basis of the operational-tactical task of the Navy, two design bureaus - TsKB-32 and TsKB-53, developed a pre-draft project on a competitive basis. The design was carried out in 2 versions - with a diesel and steam turbine installation. TTZ for the design, developed by the Navy on the basis of pre-draft designs, was approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on June 27, 1947. The design was entrusted to TsKB - 32 in Leningrad. Chief Designer Zhukovsky D.D., Chief Observer from the Navy Captain 1st Rank Sagoyan A.P. The technical design was approved already in December 1947. For the first time in the domestic fleet, a ship of this class received a smooth-deck architecture, and the propellers and two rudders did not protrude beyond the main plane, which ensured comparative safety of navigation on shallows and in estuaries. The standard displacement of the ship was 1,339 tons, the total displacement was 1,679 tons. It should be noted that the displacement of the new skr was only 400 tons less than the displacement of the destroyer of the pre-war construction of project 7, its width was commensurate with the width of the em, but it was 16 m shorter in length (96.1 m). All TTZ requirements in the project were met. The purpose of the patrol ship was to escort convoys, carry out patrol duty, participate in landing operations and lay minefields. To accomplish these tasks, the ship had the following tactical and technical elements:
- full speed 29.6 knots, cruising range at a combat economic speed of 14 knots up to 2810 miles (instead of 2000 miles stipulated by the assignment);
- GEM steam turbine, two-shaft, the location of the GEM is echelon (in 4 compartments - in two boiler rooms and two engine rooms, as a result, the ship became two-pipe), main boilers KV-42, main turbo-gear units (GTZA) with a capacity of 14000 hp each. each;
- the ship's electric power system (EESK) on alternating current, 220 V, 50 Hz (for the first time in domestic shipbuilding on serial ships), with a total capacity of 550 kW (two turbogenerators (TG) of 150 kW, two diesel generators (DG) of 100 kW , one parking diesel generator 50 kW);
- artillery armament consisting of 4 single-gun 100 mm B-34USM universal mounts with a fire control system, 4 37 mm machine guns in 2 twin V-11 mounts;
- torpedo armament included one 3-tube torpedo tube for torpedoes with a caliber of 533 mm;
- bomb armament consisted of 4 BMB-1 bombers (later replaced by RBU-2500), and two stern bomb releasers;
- radar and hydroacoustic weapons included the radar for detecting surface and low-flying air targets "RIF", the radar for detecting air targets "Guys-1MN", the sonar for detecting the submarine "Tamir-5N".

The lead ship of Project 42 of the TFR "Sokol" was laid down in Kaliningrad at plant No. 820, based on the German plant "Shihau", restored as soon as possible after the war, on August 17, 1949, launched on September 11, 1950, accepted to the Navy on June 29, 1951. In total, until 1953, this plant built the entire series of 8 units. The ships became part of the Northern Fleet - 6 units, and the Baltic Fleet - 2 units. Subsequently 3 units. ships of the project from the Northern Fleet were transferred to the Caspian Flotilla and were transferred to the Caspian Sea via inland waterways.
In 1949, the development of a new project 44 patrol ship with 100-mm artillery in two deck-turret mounts, with 45-mm machine guns in 2-quad stabilized mounts and 25-mm machine guns in 2-quad unstabilized mounts was considered. According to the calculations made in the preliminary design, the standard displacement of the ship was already more than 1600 tons. This was commensurate with the displacement of the destroyer pr. 7.
When the government considered the issue of creating patrol ships of project 42 (and even more so project 44) and organizing their construction in a large series, their displacement was recognized as unacceptably large. It was decided to limit the series of ships of project 42 to 8 units, despite the prospects for the ship, confirmed by the positive results obtained in 1951 during tests of the lead ship of the Sokol TFR. There are quite a few reasons for refusing the large-scale construction of these ships, and first of all, the decision of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR I.V. Stalin. This decision had many reasons. Some of them did not find documentary evidence and remained only in fragmentary memoirs of the leaders of the Navy and industry of those years. First of all, the evolution of views on the part of the military and political leadership of the country continued. The question arose again, to which there was no clear and unambiguous answer at that time: “What convoys were supposed to guard these ships? When the development of the economy of the USSR in the post-war years was again focused on "all-round defense against the imperialists and the complete autonomy of the state." Smaller ships were required to carry out sentinel service and protect small coastal convoys. According to I.V. Stalin, the new patrol ship should have a displacement of 1000 - 1100 tons, and preferably 900 tons, and be intended for border and intelligence services. Stalin regarded the desire of the Navy to get a larger patrol ship as "monkey", pointing out that one should not copy the Americans and the British, who have raw material bases overseas and therefore really need a patrol ship capable of accompanying transports on long ocean crossings. As a result, on the personal instructions of I.V. Stalin began the development of TTZ for a new patrol ship with a total displacement of 1200 tons of project 50.
On June 20, 1950, the Council of Ministers approved the assignment for the development of a new project 50 patrol ship. In the assignment, the total displacement of the ship was strictly limited to 1200 tons. To reduce the displacement, even the requirement for an economic cruising range was reduced to 1000 miles. Artillery armament was simplified by installing deck-mounted unstabilized 100-mm guns, the same as on skr pr. 42. The Council of Ministers of the USSR obliged the Ministry shipbuilding industry and the Naval Ministry, the development of the SKR project 50 and the construction of the lead ship should be carried out in the following terms:
- complete the development of a draft design in September and submit it to the Council of Ministers in October 1950;
- complete the development of the technical project in February and submit it to the Council of Ministers in March 1951;
- start building the lead ship in the 2nd quarter of 1951 and present it for state tests
In the 3rd quarter of 1952
The design of the patrol ship pr. 50 was started by a special design bureau of the Ministry of the shipbuilding industry in Leningrad. Then, in March 1952, the technical documentation of the project and part of the design personnel were transferred to Kaliningrad to the design bureau at the shipbuilding plant No. 820. The chief designer of the project at the beginning was Zhukovsky D.D. final stage designing from the end of 1953 - Kupensky B.I.. The entire period of designing was observed from the Navy by Captain 1st Rank Avdeev V.S.
Naturally, project 42 was taken as the basis for the project. In July-August 1950, various technical issues were negotiated that would make it possible to obtain the given displacement and the necessary seaworthiness and combat qualities of the ship. However, in the given dimensions, it was not possible to fully fulfill the requirements for wind resistance. The conducted studies have shown that it is possible to provide a given displacement only with a linear placement of the main power plant (MPP), i.e. two main boilers (GK) side by side in one compartment (boiler room), two main turbo gear units (GTZA) side by side in another adjacent compartment ( engine room), which naturally reduced the survivability of the power plant and the ship as a whole. In the process of ongoing research, a scheme was also considered from two engine-boiler rooms (MCBs), i.e. in one compartment GK and GTZA. After numerous disputes, they settled on the linear arrangement of the power plant. During the design, serious attention was paid to achieving high seaworthiness. For these purposes large volume research with testing of various options for shaping the hull on models was carried out in experimental pools. The forms of the nasal contours of the hull were carefully worked out at the Central Research Institute - 45. The nasal formations of the hull were significantly pointed compared to Project 42. All this ultimately led, as it was found out during the tests of the lead ship of the project, to better seaworthiness, in terms of flooding and splashing in waves, compared with skr pr. 42 and destroyers pr. 30bis, which had a large displacement. It should be noted that due to the intensive flooding of the splashing of the bow of the ship near skr 42, in waves of more than 4 points, the use of weapons was significantly hampered. During the tests of the lead ship of the project, it was also noted that the vibration of the aft end of the hull, again, decreased significantly compared to the skr pr. 42 and destroyers pr. 30bis. On skr pr. 42, due to increased vibration, it was even necessary to strengthen the aft part of the hull. The ship, like skr pr. 42, had two rudders, but the propellers, due to the large diameter (reduction in speed), protruded beyond the main line, which worsened the conditions for passage through inland waterways and made it more dangerous to navigate in the shallows and at the mouth of rivers. However, the ship had a smaller draft.
During the design, special attention was also paid to reducing the weight and size characteristics of weapons, weapons, equipment, again in order to meet the specified displacement. While ensuring high combat and operational qualities of the ship. So it was supposed to replace two bow 100-mm B-34 USM artillery mounts with one twin closed-type mount with the same 100-mm guns. The development of such an installation was then carried out in OKB - 172. Attempts were also made to replace the MBU - 200 with the MBU - 600 and 37 mm machine guns with 25 mm. But still, the final composition of the ship’s armament differed from Project 42 only by a decrease in the number of 100-mm B-34 USM gun mounts from 4 to 3, the number of torpedo tubes (TA) from 3 to 2, and a decrease in artillery ammunition by 15%.
The draft design was completed on time. In the process of its consideration by the Acting Minister of the Navy, Admiral Golovko A.G. approved a proposal to replace 4 BMB-1s with 4 BMB-2s. The standard displacement obtained in the preliminary design was 1,059 tons. The technical project was also completed on time. In it, the standard displacement increased to 1,069 tons. Due to the additional free volumes in the double-bottom space obtained on the ship during the design, even with the existing standard displacement, it became possible to take in them almost twice as much fuel (at the highest displacement), an additional 120 tons in overload, and thereby bring the cruising range to almost 2 000, i.e. twice as much as it was envisaged by the design task. The presence of only a two-pipe TA instead of the traditional three-pipe was constantly criticized. When approving the technical project, it was decided to oblige SKB-700 SMEs, by order of the MTU Naval Forces, to develop in 1951 a technical design of a three-tube TA in relation to the ships of project 50. Subsequently, these devices were developed and installed on the ships of the project.
The hull of the ship was made the same as that of the project 42, smooth-deck, but with even greater longitudinal sheer in the bow, it was single-tube, with one mast and two superstructures. For all combat posts and premises, with the exception of the bomb cellar No. 6, the midshipman's compartment and the steering compartment, located in the stern of the ship, a closed passage was provided, which was unusual for such a small ship and ensured the safety of personnel moving around the ship in stormy conditions. The entire hull was electro-welded, with the exception of the connection of the upper deck with the side and removable sheets. Subsequently, during tests, the overall and local strength of the hull were found to be quite satisfactory. Anti-fragmentation armor 7-8 mm thick was reserved for the power plant compartments, the wheelhouse and the shields of the artillery mounts.
For the power plant of the project 50 ship, boilers of the new type KVG - 57/28 with blast into the furnaces were developed at SKKB, when the type KV - 42 was used on project 42 with fan blast into closed boiler rooms. The steam parameters were identical: working pressure - 28 kg/cm2, superheated steam temperature 3700C. The dimensions of this type of boiler were smaller compared to the boilers installed on the ships of Project 42, and this made it possible to place two boilers in one boiler room. Looking ahead, it should be noted that the new design scheme of the ship's boiler was the basis for the creation of highly accelerated small-sized boilers for all classes of surface warships of subsequent construction. The problem of the subsequent high forcing of the furnace with an increase in its thermal load by 3 times was also solved. GTZA of a new type TV - 9 was also used on the project. GTZA TV - 9 was a single-case active-reactive single-flow turbine with a capacity of 10,000 hp, a single-flow surface condenser located along the axis with a power split. TV - 9 could be put into operation from a cold state, which significantly reduced the time for commissioning the power plant. During the period of state tests of serial ships, breakdowns of turbine blades were found. A special commission chaired by Professor Grinberg M.I. I found out that the specified breakdown occurs due to resonant vibrations at full forward and reverse speeds. On this issue, the Council of Ministers of the USSR in April and September 1954 adopted resolutions on the correction of these defects. In this regard, a temporary limitation of the maximum speed to 25 knots was introduced. The restriction was lifted in 1955. On sea trials, the ship reached full speed with a normal displacement (50% of fuel, water) of 29.5 knots at 386 rpm propellers. Despite the reduction in propeller speed compared to project 42, it was not possible to avoid erosion on the suction sides of the blades at the propeller hubs.
The electrical power system of the ship was adopted on alternating current with a voltage of 220 V, a frequency of 50 Hz. The total power of EESK was 425 kW. It included two turbogenerators (TG) with a capacity of 150 kW each, one diesel generator (DG) with a capacity of 100 kW (diesel 7D6), one parking G with a capacity of 25 kW.
According to the project, three 100-mm single-barreled universal deck artillery mounts of the B-34USMA type were installed on the ship, two in the bow and one in the stern, with a firing range of 22 km., An altitude reach of 15 km, a rate of fire of 15 rounds per minute, 200 shots in the cellar. The aiming of the gun mounts was carried out automatically using remote control and manually. It was the first domestic universal installation with automatic remote control from a rangefinder post. To control the firing of 100-mm artillery, a stabilized rangefinder post SVP-42-50 was installed, combined with the radar antenna of the Anchor control system, the Sfera-50 control system (CS). The Yakor radar had a range of 180 kbt for a sea target, and up to 165 kbt for an air target. In the future, the Yakor radar was changed to the Yakor-M2 radar. As anti-aircraft artillery, the 4th 37-mm machine gun was installed in two twin B-11 artillery mounts, with a firing range of 8.4 km, a reach in height of 4 km, a pace firing 360 rounds per minute and autonomous guidance.
As a torpedo armament on the ship, the project provided for the installation of one 3-pipe TA with an ammunition load of 3 533-mm torpedoes in an apparatus with a fire control system from a central device. TA was intended for firing only with straight-line steam-gas torpedoes 53-38, 53-39, 53-39U, 53-51. Later, with the advent of anti-submarine torpedoes, SET-65 type torpedoes were used.
As an anti-submarine weapon on the ship, the project provided for the installation of an MBU-600 bombing mount with 24 guides in the bow (B-30M bomb, with a firing range of 644 m, a depth of destruction of 330 m). Later, during upgrades under the 50PLO project, it was replaced by two 16-barrel rocket launchers of the RBU-2500 type (RGB-25 bomb, caliber 213 mm, with a firing range of 2.8 km, a depth of destruction of submarines of 330 m.), with a remote control and placed in the bow of the ship on board. In the stern of the ship, the 4th 1-barrel BMB-2 bomber was installed (BB-1 bomb, caliber 430 mm, with a firing range of 120 m, a depth of destruction of the submarine 330 m.). Later, with the installation of RBU-2500, they were dismantled. In the stern of the ship, there were two stern bombers on board.
As a radio-technical armament of weapons on the ship, the project provided for the installation
GAS "Pegas - 2" with a wing antenna, which was one of the GAS of the 1st generation, operating in echo and noise direction finding modes and having a detection range of up to 2 - 3 km. In tests, it was found that at speeds up to 20 knots, this GAS was able to detect software located at periscope depth at a distance of 14 kbt (2.6 km), and anchor mines at a distance of 7 kbt. Already in the course of construction, GAS Pegasus-3M and Hercules were installed on ships of a later build. As a navigation radar, it was planned to install the Lin radar, which made it possible to detect surface targets at ranges up to 25 km. As a radar for detecting surface and air targets, it was planned to install the Gyuys-1M4 radar with a detection range of surface targets up to 8-10 km, air targets - up to 40-50 km. Later, instead of this radar, a more effective Fut-N radar was installed with a detection range of up to 25 km, airborne - up to 50 km. On the ship of the project, a combat Information system(BIUS) "Tablet-50", intended for coordinating the work of shipborne means of illuminating the situation, displaying it on tablets, processing information, and determining the elements of movement of targets. At the same time, simultaneous processing of data on 4-5 surface and 7-9 air targets was ensured.
As navigator's armament, communication equipment, the models of equipment adopted at that time for service in the Navy were installed.
The unsinkability of the ship was ensured by its division into 11 watertight compartments. According to the calculations, the ship had to remain afloat when any two adjacent compartments were flooded, provided that the compartments adjacent to the flooded ones were kept “dry”. In this case, the stability of the ship will always be positive (h > 0). It is most dangerous to receive damage by a ship in standard displacement, because. with this displacement, the ship has the least stability. The results of calculations of the most dangerous cases of damage showed that the ship pr. 50 has relatively high unsinkability and remains afloat, maintaining positive stability when flooding in some cases more than 2 adjacent compartments. So the ship stays afloat, maintaining positive stability at:
- flooding of 4 adjacent compartments in the area of ​​0 - 59 frames and the presence of seepage water on the lower deck in the area of ​​59 - 80 shp;
- detachment of the bow to the bulkhead 59 sp and the presence of seepage water in the hold in the area of ​​59 - 80 sp .;
- flooding of 3 adjacent compartments in areas 30 - 80, 80 - 129 sh;
- flooding of 4 adjacent compartments in the area of ​​59 - 129 sp., but only at full displacement;
- flooding of 3 adjacent compartments in areas 129 - 172, 117 - 162 sht;
- separation of the aft end to the bulkhead 129 sp.
The death of the ship from the loss of stability (its capsizing) could occur when:
- separation of the bow to the bulkhead 59 sp. and asymmetric flooding of 2 adjacent compartments in the area of ​​​​59 - 96 sp. and in the absence of fuel in spare tanks;
- sharply asymmetric flooding of 4 adjacent compartments in the area of ​​​​59 - 129 sp. with standard displacement;
- asymmetric flooding of 4 adjacent compartments in the area of ​​117 - 172 sp. with standard displacement;
- separation of the aft end to the bulkhead 129 sp. and asymmetric flooding of 2 adjacent compartments in the area of ​​​​96 - 129 sp..

A comparison of the skr pr. 50 of the first series with foreign analogues shows that if our skr surpassed them in driving performance, then it was significantly inferior in cruising range. This is explained by the fact that our skr was not intended to escort ocean convoys. The integral assessment of armament shows that skr pr. 50 was at the level of the skr "Butler" of the US Navy built during the 2nd world war, but inferior to the skr "Dili" built in the 50s. In terms of artillery, if we consider only the firing range and the magnitude of a minute salvo, then our skr was superior to its counterparts, however, their turret installations made it possible to use artillery in conditions of more intense splashing and unrest. Finally, the automatic 76-mm gun mounts of the TFR "Dili" were much more effective when firing at air targets. In terms of anti-submarine weapons, the superiority of the Dili SKR was significant, because its torpedo tubes used already homing anti-submarine torpedoes, the Mk108 jet bomber had an effective firing range of 2.5 kbt, the GAS had a detection range of more than 30 kbt. Later, during the modernization of the skr on pr. 50PLO, anti-submarine weapons and their means of support began to correspond to that time and the ship, in its capabilities, caught up with foreign counterparts.
The construction of project 50 patrol ships was deployed at three shipyards: No. 445 (later Kommunar Plant 61) in Nikolaev, No. 820 (later Yantar Plant) in Kaliningrad and No. 199 (later Lenin Komsomol Plant) in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
The lead ship of the project 50 TFR "Gornostay" was laid down on the slipway of plant No. 445 (later plant named after 61 Kommunar) in Nikolaev on December 20, 1951, launched on July 30, 1952 and accepted into the Navy after lengthy tests of only 30 - July 1954
In total, until 1959, 68 units were built. project ships. After the destroyers of project 30bis (70 units), it was the second largest series of ships in the domestic fleet, with a displacement of more than 1000 tons. The entire series was built, in fact, in 7 years, starting from the moment the lead ship was laid down, and the delivery of the entire series to the Navy was within 5 years. At the same time, 20 units. was built at plant number 445 (delivery from 1954 to 1956), 41 units. at plant No. 820 (delivery from 1954 to 1959), 7 units. at plant number 199 (delivery in 1954). The construction was carried out by the method of large-scale mass production. The technology of block formation of buildings was applied with the saturation of each block in specialized workshops of factories. The ship was eventually assembled on a slipway of five separate blocks delivered from the workshops of factories via a specially constructed transportation system. As a result, the construction time of the ships was significantly reduced. The construction period of serial ships from laying to the delivery of the Navy took an average of only 10-12 months, and for individual ships only 4-6 months. The intensity of the construction of the ships of the project and the pace of replenishment of the fleet with new ships in those years are impressive. Annually surrendered to the fleet by each plant from 6 to 8 units. ships, etc. 50. So in 1954, plant No. 820 delivered 9 units to the fleet, plant No. 445 - 8 units, plant No. 190 - 7 units. Larger ships were built just as intensively in those years - project 30bis destroyers, the construction period of which was 14-18 months. The delivery of the ships of this project by four shipyards reached 20 units. in year. Including the Far Eastern Plant No. 199, in some years, it delivered 5-6 units to the Navy. project ships. Here we no longer have to talk about submarines and ships of smaller displacement.
Ships were assigned to all fleets. The Northern Fleet was initially credited with 15 units. ships of the project, to the Baltic - 16 units, to the Black Sea - 18 units, to the Pacific - 19 units. For the Pacific Fleet, in addition to 7 units. ships pr. 50 built by plant No. 190 (SKR Zubr, Bizon, Stork, Laska, Pelican, Penguin, Cheetah) until 1959 another 12 units were transferred by the Northern Sea Route . ships built by plant No. 820 (SKR "Lun", "Los", SKR - 54, - 55, - 50, - 59, - 60, - 61, - 62 (later "Irkutsk Komsomolets"), - 74, - 75, - 4, - 10. B different time patrol ships of Project 50 were part of various formations of the Pacific Fleet: 173 brem (destroyer brigade, Petropavlovsk - Kamchatsky), 174 brem, 196 brkovr (Sovetskaya Gavan), 201, 202 brplk, 47 brkovr, 45 brkovr (Primorye). Later, from the composition of the Northern, Baltic and Black Sea fleets, one skr of the project each crossed to the Caspian Sea and became part of the Caspian Flotilla. 16 units project ships were eventually transferred to the Navy of foreign states: the Indonesian Navy - 8 units. (from the Pacific Fleet 4 units: TFR "Zubr", "Bizon", "Aist", "Pelican"), the Navy of the German Democratic Republic - 3 units, the Bulgarian Navy - 3 units, the Finnish Navy - 2 units. The construction of the ships of the project was carried out in China according to the transfer of the USSR technical documentation.

In the course of their service, Project 50 patrol ships demonstrated sufficiently high operational and seaworthiness qualities, were quite easy to manage and maintain. The habitability conditions satisfied the crews sufficiently. The ships of the project, despite the autonomy limited to only 5 days in terms of feed water and fuel reserves, were involved in the performance of combat service tasks. Basically, the tasks of combat service in the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of 5 operations teams and the Indian Ocean, consisting of 8 operations teams, were carried out by patrol ships of the project from the Black Sea Fleet.
Patrol ships of the Pacific Fleet performed the tasks of combat service in the area of ​​the Korea Strait. They were also involved in tasks in more remote areas. So TFR - 54 from the 29 dnplk 45 brkovr (Vladimir Bay) in 1981 performed tasks in the South China Sea (Kamran). At the same time, transitions to the area of ​​​​combat service and back were carried out on their own.
Project 50 patrol ships operated in fleets until 1990. Most of the project ships served in the fleet for more than 30 years. The ships of the project, which were part of the Pacific Fleet, were operated until 1989. TFR "Laska" (built in 1954) was excluded from the combat strength of the Pacific Fleet in 1981 by order of the Civil Code of the Navy in 1981, TFR "Gepard" (built in 1954) - by order Navy Civil Code - in 1984, TFR "Los" (built in 1955), TFR - 55 (built in 1955), TFR - 50 (built in 1956), TFR - 54 (built in 1956), TFR - 10 (built in 1958) - by order of the Civil Code of the Navy - in 1987, Penguin TFR (built in 1954), TFR - 74 (built in 1956), TFR - 75 (built in 1956) - by order of the Civil Code of the Navy - in 1988, TFR "Lun" (built in 1954), TFR - 61 (built in 1956), TFR "Irkutsk Komsomolets" (built in 1956), TFR - 59 (1956) buildings), TFR - 4 (built in 1958) - by order of the Civil Code of the Navy - in 1989. The longest service life - 35 years as part of the Pacific Fleet was at the TFR "Lun".

Literature: - Berezhnoy S.S., “Patrol ships of the Navy of the USSR and Russia 1945-2000.

(Handbook on the composition of the ship), "supplement to the magazine

"Modeler - designer";

Burov V.N., “Domestic shipbuilding in the 3rd century of its

history", 1995, St. Petersburg, "Shipbuilding";
- "History of domestic shipbuilding", volumes 4, 5 "Shipbuilding in

post-war period 1946-1991”, 1996, St. Petersburg, “Shipbuilding”.
- Kuzin V.P., Nikolsky V.I., "The Navy of the USSR 1945-1991",

1996, St. Petersburg, Historical Maritime Society.

the information was prepared by the captain of the 1st rank of the reserve Yangaev M.Sh.

Patrol ships of the project 50 type "Ermine"(according to classification NATO - Riga class frigate) - warships of the Navy of the USSR, developed after the Second World War. They came to replace the watchdogs of the project 42. It was developed in two modifications: modification 50 and modification 50-PLO (with enhanced anti-submarine weapons).

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Story

Requirements

After the release of the first project 42 patrol ship, the Council of Ministers of the USSR ordered the Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry and the Naval Ministry to take control of the development of the project 50 patrol ship and the construction of the lead ship with a displacement of 1200 tons according to these drawings, and the following deadlines were determined for work:

• complete the development of a draft design in September and submit it to the USSR Council of Ministers in October 1950;
• complete the development of the technical project in February and submit it to the USSR Council of Ministers in March 1951;
• start building the lead ship in the 2nd quarter of 1951 and present it for state trials in the 3rd quarter of 1952.

All work was entrusted to TsKB-820. In July-August 1950, various technical issues were being coordinated that would make it possible to ensure the implementation of the TTZ, but it was not possible to fully meet the requirements for wind resistance in the given sizes.

Design

Engine studies have shown that with a linear placement of the power plant, it is possible to provide displacement at a given level, and a combined scheme of two machine-boiler plants was considered. For this purpose, boilers with natural circulation blasting into furnaces of the KVG-57/28 type, vertical shape, with a developed radiation surface, one-way flue gas flow and two-front heating were created at SKKB. The temperature of the superheated steam reached 370°C, which was considered a moderate temperature, and the operating pressure reached 28 kg/cm². The new design scheme of the ship's boiler was the basis for the creation of highly accelerated small-sized boilers for all classes of surface warships of post-war construction, thereby solving the most important task of subsequent high forcing of the furnace with an increase in its heat load three times. After numerous disputes, the linear arrangement of the power plant was adopted.

Options with weapons that were very different from project  42 were considered: it was supposed to replace two B-34USM bow mounts with one twin closed-type mount with the same guns (it was developed at OKB-172). Attempts were also made to replace the MBU-200 with the MBU-600, and the 37-mm machine guns with the 25-mm ones. However, everything was limited to a decrease in the number of B-34USM installations from four to three, the number of torpedo tubes from three to two, and a decrease in artillery ammunition by 15%.

The preliminary design was completed by the Leningrad branch of TsKB-820 on time. In the process of its consideration by the Acting Minister of the Navy, Admiral A. G. Golovko approved a proposal to replace the BMB-1 class bombers with the BMB-2 class. The standard displacement obtained in the preliminary design was 1,059 tons, in the technical design it increased by another 9 tons. Due to the additional volumes received on the ship, it became possible to take almost twice as much fuel (at the highest displacement) and bring the cruising range to almost 2000 miles.

However, in the further review process, it turned out that it was impossible to ensure the storage and use of ammunition loaded with TGA in strict accordance with current instruction. Also, the presence of only a two-tube torpedo tube instead of the traditional three-tube one was constantly criticized. Finally, when approving the technical project, it was decided to oblige SKB-700 to rework the project by order of the MTU of the Naval Forces, having worked out the option of installing a three-tube torpedo tube, which was successfully completed.

At first, D. D. Zhukovsky was the chief designer, then V. I. Neganov received this position, and at the final stage, from the end of 1953, B. I. Kupensky became. The observer from the Navy was Captain 1st Rank V.S. Avdeev.

Description

Uniform and armor

The ship was smooth-deck with longitudinal sheer, single-tube, with one mast and two superstructures. The nasal formations in the theoretical drawing were significantly pointed compared to project 42, which should have significantly reduced splash formation (this drawing was used by the last chief designer in his future projects). A closed passage was provided for all combat posts and premises, with the exception of the bomb cellar No. 6, the midshipman's compartment and the steering compartment, which was unusual for a small ship. The compartments of the main power plant, the wheelhouse and the shields of artillery installations were armored with anti-fragmentation armor 7-8 mm thick. The entire hull was electro-welded, except for the connection of the upper deck with the side and removable sheets. According to the test results, the overall and local strength were found to be satisfactory. The vibration of the stern end on all strokes was less than that of the destroyers  30 bis and corresponded to temporary standards.

Speed ​​indicators

On sea trials, the ship at normal displacement developed an average speed of 29.5 knots at 386 propeller revolutions per minute, which was less than that of Project 42. However, even this did not help get rid of erosion on the suction sides of the blades at the propeller hub. The ship had two rudders, but the propellers, due to the larger diameter, now protruded beyond the main line, and this worsened the conditions for the passage of the ship through inland waterways, making it more dangerous to navigate in shallows and in estuaries. On sea trials in sea conditions of 4, 5 and 6 points, it was found that at 4 points of swell, the speed of the ship and the use of any combat and technical means were not limited, with a swell of 6 points, the speed was reduced to 23 knots, and only the main artillery (at speeds up to 16 knots). The general assessment of the maneuverability and seaworthiness of the ship was considered satisfactory. The seaworthiness of the ship in terms of the use of weapons was estimated at 4 points.

Engine

The turbo-gear unit of the TV-9 ship was a single-case active-reactive single-flow turbine with a capacity of 10,000 horsepower and a single-flow surface condenser located along the axis with a power split. TV-9 could be put into operation from a cold state. During the period of state tests of serial ships, breakdowns of rotor blades began to be detected. A special commission chaired by Professor M.I. Grinberg found out that these failures occurred due to resonant vibrations at full speed (both forward and rear). The manufacturing plant and its SKBT adopted increased voltages against those previously accepted in marine turbine construction, without providing structurally and technologically high-quality manufacturing. In April and September 1954, resolutions of the Council of Ministers of the USSR were adopted, in pursuance of which defects in the TV-9 turbines were corrected, in connection with which, until 1955, a temporary restriction was introduced on top speed stroke (25 knots), but malfunctions with these turbines arose in the future.

Armament

Three 100-mm guns of the B-34 USMA type were installed on the ship. The aiming of these gun mounts was carried out automatically using remote control, as well as manually. It was the first domestic universal gun mount with automatic remote guidance from a rangefinder post (PUS "Sphere-50"). There were no serious comments on them, but it was found that the guide tray sagged during operation, and the sleeve deflector did not always ensure the free fall of the sleeves. To control the firing of 100-mm artillery, a stabilized SVP-42-50 sighting post was installed, combined with the Anchor radar antenna, whose range for a sea target was 180 cab, and for an air target - up to 165 cab. The twin-pipe torpedo tube installed on the ship was intended for firing only straight-line steam-gas torpedoes of types 53-38, 53-39, 53-ZEU, 53-51. New radio equipment was installed - the Lin surface target detection radar, which could detect low-flying aircraft, and the Pegas-2 hydroacoustic station, which, at a speed of about 20 knots, was capable of detecting submarines at periscope depth at a distance of 14 cab, and an anchor mine - 7 cabs (with a minimum requirement - 3 cabs).