Recently, many people want to open a small home business but cannot find a suitable idea that will bring good profit. There are many options that allow you to start your own business almost from scratch. In this article, we will tell you about what you can produce at home for sale and how to bring your business to prosperity.
Paving slabs from plastic bottles
Are you interested in what new things can be produced in our country in order to make a good profit? Pay attention to the production of paving slabs from used plastic bottles. This is a disposable container that is not suitable for reuse, so tons of free raw materials accumulate in landfills.
For recycling plastic bottles and making paving slabs, you will need the following equipment:
- extruder;
- Melting and heating machine;
- Forming press.
Finished products according to appearance almost very similar to ordinary paving slabs made from concrete mix. Such material does not soften under the influence of high temperatures, does not slip and is highly durable. In order to purchase a full-fledged high-performance line, you need 1 million rubles. To save money at first, you can purchase inexpensive used equipment. It will cost you 300-400 thousand rubles. Raw materials for processing can be taken from the population.
Making paving slabs from recycled plastic is the easiest answer to the question of what can be produced in an economic crisis. By the way, paving slabs are not the only option that can be produced from waste. Many entrepreneurs are engaged in the processing of paper, scrap metal and other secondary raw materials. Profitable ideas are literally under your feet. The most important thing is to notice them in time and bring them to life.
Fuel briquettes
Citizens who live near wood processing enterprises can organize. Recently, such products have become in great demand in the market. It is purchased for heating residential buildings, industrial and public buildings. For the manufacture of fuel briquettes, chips, chips or sawdust are used. Such raw materials can be purchased at low prices at wood processing enterprises. Fuel briquettes are one of the best options that can now be produced at home without large financial investments.For the production of briquettes, you will need a special machine for crushing wood waste, a dryer and a screw press for briquetting. The production line will cost you 500 thousand rubles. The wholesale price of 1 ton of fuel briquettes is 100–120 euros. In the presence of constant sales channels, the initial investment will pay off in just 1 year. If you are interested in what can be produced profitably during a crisis, try implementing this promising idea at home.
Production of homemade dumplings
Pelmeni is a popular product that is always in high demand among domestic consumers. This is the most reliable option that can be produced in Russia in any economic conditions.
In order to engage in the production of dumplings, it is not necessary to purchase expensive equipment and rent a production facility. Such a business can be organized at home literally from scratch and gradually expand your business. Hand molding dumplings will not bring you big profit. To increase labor productivity, you can purchase an ordinary household dumpling with a capacity of 10–40 kg of finished products per hour. It will cost you $150-200. If you can not decide, take this simple and quite profitable idea of earning money into service.
In order for the business to be successful, take care of the channels for the sale of finished products in advance. Homemade dumplings will be happy to buy both shops and supermarkets. Even restaurants and cafes buy semi-finished products to save time. Your main task is to monitor the quality of products and the timing of their implementation. You can find buyers via the Internet or personally meet with the owners of retail chains.
Bed linen production
Many aspiring entrepreneurs are looking for an answer to the question of what goods can be produced in our time in order to receive a decent stable income. If you have experience in sewing, you can organize at home.According to statistics, each family uses about 7 sets of bed linen per year. This is a fairly demanded product, the demand for which does not fall in any economic conditions. If you can't find a suitable option that you can make yourself at home, try sewing inexpensive bedding sets and selling them on the market or on the Internet.
In order to organize such a business, you need sewing machine and fabric, which can be purchased in bulk. If you find reliable distribution channels, the entire initial investment will pay off in 4-6 months.
Bedding sets can be sold through your own online store or social networks. Children's bed linen by individual measurements and sketches is very popular.
soap making
Do not know what goods can be produced at home for sale? We present to you one of the simplest and at the same time sufficient profitable ideas- making soap self made. Such a business is characterized by a quick payback (5-6 months) and high level profitability (about 40-50%). The demand for such products is constantly growing. It increases annually by 10-15%.
Polymer clay jewelry
Can't decide what you can produce at home for sale? Recently, various ornaments and souvenirs from polymer clay. This niche is still practically free, so any newcomer can take his place in this market segment.
One author's product costs 20-50 dollars. You can make 15-50 decorations per month. This is a great option that can be produced for sale at home with minimal investment for people with creative abilities. When you have mastered this skill perfectly, you can conduct master classes and get a good additional income from this.
wooden utensils
This is a great option for those who are looking for what can be produced from wood at home. To get a good profit, you need to minimize costs and maximize labor productivity. This effect can only be obtained using special equipment. In order to purchase an inexpensive woodworking machine and other essential tool it will take about 40 thousand rubles. If you are limited in financial means, at first, you can make wooden utensils by hand to order. Author's products are much more expensive, so you can quickly raise the necessary start-up capital and purchase equipment.
Wooden barrels of the bath
Another profitable option that can be made from wood is to make barrel baths.
Such a business will require serious investments from you:
- Equipment - 7 thousand dollars;
- Raw materials - 4-5 thousand dollars;
- Salary to employees - 1-2 thousand dollars.
One barrel bath costs 6-8 thousand dollars. All initial investment can be returned after the sale of two units of production.
blooming Sally
This is an ideal option for aspiring entrepreneurs living in countryside. The medicinal properties of this plant have been known for a long time, so people who care about their health are happy to buy such products.
Increasingly, questions have recently begun to be raised whether it is profitable to engage in pig breeding at home, as well as how to start pig breeding from scratch. It is known that pig breeding for beginners at home will be successful only for those owners who familiarize themselves with and apply the basic rules for pig breeding at home, understand what the pork production technology is, what is the secret of effective keeping and other issues.
Pigs are the most precocious among large domestic animals that are raised at home for meat. At eight months, or even earlier, they reach a live weight of 110-120 kg or more. Along with this, they are characterized by multiple pregnancy. The limits of their fertility are very high - up to 33 piglets per farrow! On average, if the technology and approach to breeding are observed, I get two farrowings per year from one queen, and 12 piglets or more per farrowing.
Pigs are the most precocious among large domestic animals that are raised at home for meat
The pig is omnivorous, that is, it can consume all kinds of feed when low cost per 1 kg of growth.
The very principle of breeding, the technology of production and fattening pigs at home does not require any special skills and knowledge, as well as huge financial costs. But the price of pork has been steadily growing in recent years. Today, this is more relevant than ever for a large number of people.
The advantages of these pets are clearly visible, and therefore backyard pig breeding is so quickly gaining momentum in popularity among the population.
Video about building a business from scratch
For beginner pig breeders, it will be easier to imagine the solution to this issue in the following sequence:
Decide what tasks you set for yourself. Will you be involved in fattening pigs, raising offspring and selling young animals or do you need a complete production technology? It depends on what kind of premises, feed, etc. you need.
It should be understood what each of the listed cycles represents and what are its features. Let's briefly consider each of them.
- pig fattening
The most simple and popular stage in pig breeding. Its technology is simple - just buy a piglet, place it in normal conditions and feed it well. In the presence of the required amount of inexpensive feed, fattening is very profitable and interesting. Especially if it is possible to feed a pig at home on the waste of a kitchen or some kind of agricultural production (for example, oilcake, gourds, etc.).
The most profitable technology is fattening animals in batches, for getting meat at home several times a year. For example, the first batch: the beginning of fattening - the end of February or the beginning of March, slaughter for meat - August-September; second batch: start of fattening - May-June, slaughter - December, etc. The number of goals in the game depends directly only on your capabilities and goals. Growing only one piglet per year is unprofitable, because it alone will require almost as much time and effort as several heads. Yes, and it has been noticed that piglets grow faster in a group, because. there is healthy competition for food, which improves their appetite.
You can also put a sow on fattening after weaning piglets from her, if her further maintenance is not required.
For fattening, both pigs and hogs are used. The hogs grow faster, but the meat of pigs is more tender and tasty.
- Reception of offspring and sale of young animals
The advantage of this production is that it does not require a large amount of feed, as in fattening. After all, it is enough to keep several fertile queens, which will bear offspring, and feed piglets with their milk until they are sold. Based on the market value of piglets, it becomes obvious that keeping queens is a very profitable undertaking. But you should not start breeding without having sufficient knowledge, experience and patience. After all, a small piglet requires a lot of attention and good conditions, and a pregnant sow should be treated very carefully and carefully.
For breeding, it is better to buy a pig and a boar in the spring
For breeding, it is better to buy a pig and a boar in the spring. In winter, the pig is covered with a boar or inseminated artificially, and in April-May it will bear offspring, and the boar is then castrated and fed. But it is better to keep one boar for several sows. In this case, it can be used for up to three years, provided that good offspring are obtained from it.
The complete pork production technology implies that the farm is engaged in obtaining young animals, then growing them, dividing them into fattening and breeding young animals, and so on in a circle.
Can be recommended to experienced farmers or farms on a large scale. Simple knowledge and materials will not be enough here, you will have to recruit additional staff, purchase some mechanisms and devices.
Based on the goals, place of your residence, climatic conditions, as well as financial possibilities, prepare premises for animals. You can either build new premises or successfully adapt existing ones. It is enough to reconstruct, clean and disinfect the premises. In doing so, you should follow a few basic rules. The room should be warm, dry, light, fresh and safe - this is the correct production technology. To do this, when building or re-equipping premises for keeping pigs, do: 1) not blown and frost-proof walls; 2) insulated and waterproof roof; 3) not a cold floor, which is easy to clean, process and does not injure the limbs of animals; 4) sufficient illumination; 5) ventilation and drainage for liquid.
The walls can be made of wood (from boards if you live in a warm climate, or logs if you live in a cold one), or brick, stone, concrete or adobe. Often they use a more budget option - infill plank walls. In any of these cases, the choice is yours, the main thing is to reliably protect them from destruction, both by natural factors and by the animals themselves, so that the content is comfortable.
The roof, if there is no ceiling in the room, needs to be insulated. For this, you can also use any available and various materials (from reeds and straw to modern materials). Today, the use of polycarbonate as a roof for livestock buildings has become popular in many areas. Such a roof perfectly protects from precipitation, lets in the sun's rays, which makes it possible to simplify the lighting in the room, and copes well enough with the task of retaining heat. The optimal height of the premises is two meters, the minimum is 175 cm.
Video about how to keep pigs at home
Floors are best made of cement on a gravel bed. This will keep them intact for a long time. In places of rest for pigs, wooden loungers are equipped to prevent hypothermia of animals, if special heating is not equipped in the floors. It is good to cover the floors near the feeders with sheets of metal to increase their service life, which is important for household plots.
The internal arrangement of the pigsty is approximately as follows. The homestead is divided into several separate machines, the size of which is optimally 2.5 m X 2.7 m. Pig breeding at home differs from industrial one in that the size of the uterine cage can be slightly smaller, but not less than 5.5 m 2, otherwise at farrowing, the uterus can simply overwhelm the newborn piglets due to crowding. The height of the partitions in the machine must be at least 1.2 m, the size of the wooden flooring should be 1 m x 2.5, the rest of the area is intended for the installation of feeders and a place for the animals' toilet. Such a cage is suitable for housing one queen with sucklings or one boar, 2-3 pregnant or single sows, about five gilts or ten weaned piglets. Video
Familiarize yourself with the rules of feeding, find out what is the technology for the production and preparation of feed, as well as their storage. Try to buy inexpensive and good food. Do not forget about the saturation of feed with vitamins and mineral supplements to prevent a huge number of unpleasant diseases associated with improper metabolism. This group of diseases causes great damage in the pork production process to many, especially beginner, farms.
How to choose a piglet?
It is better to purchase piglets for the home of the breed that is bred in your area and is most adapted to local conditions and feed.
Video about how to choose a pig
Pay attention to how the animal looks. It is good if he has a wide chest, a wide and even back, without interceptions in the area of the shoulder blades, rounded and fleshy hams, a long torso, even limbs, and a non-pendulous belly. The width of the shoulder blades should not exceed the width of the back, the head is of medium length, the drooping ears are of medium length or long (depending on the breed). The skin should be even, smooth with a pinkish tinge and a small bristle.
- Check the piglet's bite. To do this, take it with one hand and press it against you, and gently part your lips with the fingers of the other hand. The rows of upper and lower teeth should match and close. Otherwise, it's a marriage.
- Examine the baby's genitals. In a boar, the size and uniformity of development of the testicles are checked, and in a pig, the nipples are checked. In addition, the end of the genital slit should not be bent up in the mumps - this may be a sign of hermaphroditism.
- Watch how the baby eats and listen to how he squeals. It’s good if he grabs food with a full mouth and has a loud voice, but if he sucks and his voice is muffled, don’t buy it, he’s probably sick.
- Do not buy thin or overweight babies (they may have been fed sweet milk before being sold, after which they will be reluctant to eat other foods at your place). Approximate weight norms can be found in the reference book.
- Ask the owner about how often and what he fed the animals at home.
Efficient pig farming at home is an achievable goal, you just need to heed our advice and put in a little effort.
For start-up entrepreneurs, many roads are now open, to create own business nowadays it's easier than ever before. Most often, young businessmen choose the agro-industrial direction. It also includes raising pigs as a business. Profitability, a business plan, reviews of experienced and successful entrepreneurs in this area - we will consider all this today.
What does it represent?
You can understand the success and demand by estimating the amount of pork consumed by Russians in one year - this is about two million tons.
The creation of a pig farm is only encouraged, because the course is to reduce foreign production and promote domestic production. It is also worth noting that due to the large reduction in imported pork, there is some kind of shortage on the shelves. That is why it is worth quickly joining this area.
Advantages:
- Sufficiently small time intervals in which piglets have time to grow up for slaughter.
- Finished products, that is, pork, can fully pay for themselves, leaving behind almost no unsellable waste (5% per 100 kilos).
- To create a medium-sized working economy, not the greatest amount of money will be required.
- Standard sows are capable of producing 10-12 new piglets per cycle.
The above tells us that building our own new business raising pigs for slaughter is really profitable, especially if you carefully and carefully approach the organization of a business plan and work planning.
What is needed to implement the project?
Many experienced owners this business beginners are advised not to try to jump over their heads, starting a small farm for 10-20 heads. The project can even begin in your country house or on your personal plot, and without registration at all.
Official registration will be needed in the future with the expansion of the business to work directly with stores and big firms. By law, the farmer has the right to engage in the sale of surplus personal products. You don't have to pay sales tax. What is really required is:
- an area sufficient for the construction of a pigsty and walking pigs in a fenced paddock;
- the actual pigsty and paddock;
- piglets;
- stern;
- start-up capital.
We equip the future pigsty
The initial organization of pig breeding requires finding a land area of 150 square meters for 10 pigs. About a third of the area will be directly occupied by a pigsty.
Under such a room, any barn or ownerless building is perfect. If nothing like this is available, you will have to start building. You must have at your disposal:
- Floor filled with concrete.
- Pork sections divided by two square meters.
- Partitions reinforced with wood or plywood between these sections.
- Heat-resistant wall and ceiling coating.
- Special "baths" in the floor for more convenient cleaning of manure and other waste from the pig farm.
- Quality ventilation.
- Lighting.
It is worth taking care of a good litter for pigs. As materials, you can take, for example, straw or sawdust. Do not forget about special feeders and drinkers, which, by the way, must be sealed like a non-spill, so that water and food do not pollute the floor, spreading a sufficiently large dampness.
Choosing the best breed for breeding
Basically, in industrial pig breeding, three categories of breeding pigs are distinguished:
- Universal - suitable for both meat and lard. Quite meaty and extremely popular. The most famous and purchased representatives of the breeds of such pigs are Mangalitsa, Korean and Chinese.
- Meat-bacon - white pigs with a long body and pronounced hams and sirloin zone. Most often bought: Belly Vietnamese, Duroc and Donskaya Meat.
- Meat - black and having a rather variegated color and low fertility. Specifically intended for meat. Most bought: Ukrainian Steppe and Mirgorodskaya.
We buy young animals correctly
The number of purchased heads depends on your capabilities. The optimal ratio is a boar and 8 sows per 150 pig heads. In this case, organizing a business plan for a pig farm, for example, for 100 heads of piglets, it is worth buying one boar and 6 sows. At the same time, mini-slaughterhouses with a much smaller number of heads are also effective.
Small production also has the right to life, but if possible, it is worth starting with at least a hundred heads. When choosing the gilts themselves, feel free to ask questions to the owners, inspect the young and travel to several different farms in search of the best option.
It is important to learn about the pedigree, and in several generations at once, because it protects you from possible problems associated with closely related mating or mixing of different breeds. In addition, it is worth evaluating the productivity of parents, because it is from them that such qualities as high fertility and good health are transmitted to the piglet, which is clearly expressed in profitability.
Do not rush to make a choice, because it depends on the purchase of young animals how much the investment in your pig breeding business will pay off, how high sales will be, and whether you will lose money. Recently, newcomers have been buying Vietnamese and other Asian pigs, because they are better suited for making quality pork and bacon. They should be described as:
- Highly fertile (in the case of sows).
- Extremely productive in terms of the availability of meat.
- Great for making bacon.
- They have an extremely positive reputation both among other farmers and meat customers.
- Really well resistant to various kinds of diseases.
Avoid having two boars or a boar and a pig in the same section. The organization of the pigsty also requires that the sow and piglets are generally separated from the others. In addition, there are certain rules for feeding pigs.
It is important to understand that it is impossible to save on feed here. Make a balanced diet so that the animal gains weight, but feels good. And the quality of the food plays an important role in this, besides affecting the taste and texture of the meat.
Feed for pigs is divided into three categories, and the first two try to combine with each other. The third is used extremely rarely, and six months before the heads are sent for slaughter, these feeds are completely excluded from the diet. In fact, the categories are:
- First: grains like wheat and rye, legumes, peas, carrots, beets.
- Second: various herbs like clover and alfalfa.
- Third: lots of vegetables, including potatoes and corn, as well as buckwheat and millet.
Tip: to increase the growth of meat, more green fodder is added to the finished diet, to increase the concentration of fat, they begin to add more potatoes, root crops and barley.
Recruiting the right staff
Personally, you will be able to calmly deal with issues related to documentation, finances and making contacts with suppliers and customers, trusting experienced people. You will need:
- A veterinarian is hardly an entrepreneur who has not previously dealt with animals, is able to monitor their health. This person will be able to guarantee the health of piglets for sale for buyers, the quality of meat for customers and the excellent conditions for doing business on the farm for various checks. Regular hiring of a veterinarian is much cheaper than losing even part of the farm.
- Livestock specialist - this person will independently deal with the equipment for slaughtering and making meat for sale. One technician is critical to productive work in production, in addition, he understands technology better than you.
- Workers - a small farm can be run independently, cleaning up after the pigs, adding food and water to them and filling the pigsty with sawdust. But with the expansion of the project, more hands are required. Ancillary laborers will also help with packing products and monitoring animal activity. Most often, two workers are kept on an average farm.
Here you can download ready-made as an example for free.
Cost calculation
Let's take as an example an average farm for 130 heads, the owner of which does not have its own plot and keeps its own staff of workers. In this case, it is easy to create a table of project costs:
| Expense Line | Amount of expenses, thousand rubles | |
| 1 | Plot rental | 120 |
| 2 | Pigsty repair | 25 |
| 3 | Purchase of equipment | 500 |
| 4 | Purchase of young animals and pigs | 320 |
| 5 | Utilities | 20 |
| 6 | Paperwork | 10 |
| 7 | Wage workers, technicians and veterinarians | 130 |
| 8 | Purchase of feed | 25 |
| 9 | Unexpected expenses | 10 |
| Total: | 1170 | |
As a result, the business from scratch in terms of capital investments comes out to the amount of more than a million rubles. Focus on this amount and do not forget that the table also contains monthly costs such as rent, purchase of feed, payment utilities and salary payments.
After one six-month cycle, 125 pigs will go for sale or slaughter for meat, because the remaining five will be needed for further breeding. In this case, the owner will receive approximately 3,100 thousand rubles from the sale of pigs for meat, if the price per kilo in this moment is 250 rubles.
With calculations of semi-annual monthly costs, the profit from the sale is about 1,500 rubles, which will already pay off the costs of opening. Thus, the profitability is approximately six months.
Video: farmer's experience in breeding pigs.
Raising pigs
Detailed business plan with calculations
We continue to publish articles about business in the countryside. And this time we will look at raising pigs and a business plan for organizing your own pig farm. Breeding pigs in small quantities does not bring much profit, and sometimes even at all - only losses. Therefore, the minimum threshold for entering this business is calculated as a “round sum”.
If investments of such volumes are within your power, then proceed. To create a pig farm, you need a good building with necessary equipment, competent staff and animal feed. These three components are fundamental here. More more ideas for business, read the article:
Business plan "Raising pigs": premises
The basic component of this business is the building in which the pigs will live. To do this, you can buy or rent an abandoned pig farm, and communications and primary arrangement will already be included in the price. In the second case, you can build a barn with your own hands or with the help of hired labor.
When building, you will have to take into account a lot of points: the building must be insulated, protected from dampness and drafts, while being thoroughly ventilated. Contrary to stereotypes about pigs, these animals are very clean, they require special care and comfortable conditions. And the main difficulty in the construction is to organize cleaning channels into which dirt will periodically need to be washed off.
Therefore, our business plan will be based on a rented pig farm of 800 m2. The average cost of such a lease will cost 120,000 rubles (150 rubles per 1 m2).
Equipment and communications for a pig farm
Raising pigs for sale is very different from home breeding for meat for your table. In such a business, it is important to ensure that your product is best quality and had excellent taste.
Therefore, pig farms use equipment that significantly reduces the cost of hired labor force and improve the living conditions of animals. So, for a pig farm you will need the following equipment:
For water and feed supply
Ventilation
Lighting
Heating
Water pipes
Feed loading line
The cost of purchasing all this equipment varies in the region of 500,000 rubles. In addition, the monthly cost of water and electricity will require an average of 20,000 rubles.
Mandatory personnel for a pig farm
Veterinarian. Raising pigs for sale, do not forget about their health. Healthy pigs bring good offspring, and their meat is valued more. Moreover, some diseases make meat completely inedible, and sick pigs can become a source of an epidemic. In turn, this makes a big loss for you. Therefore, when drawing up a business plan for raising pigs, do not forget about the veterinarian. Payment for the work of a veterinarian is about 20,000 rubles.
Livestock specialist. You will also need a knowledgeable technician to keep all of your equipment running. Average salary of a zookeeper in agriculture is 15,000 rubles.
Pig breeders. For a business of 120 heads, 4 pig breeders will be enough. The average salary of a pig breeder in Russia is 30,000 rubles. In order to save money, you can hire an experienced pig breeder with a salary of 30,000 rubles, and three assistants without experience (pay 15,000 rubles each).
Handymen. Laborers in agriculture are very important personnel. It makes no sense to hire a separate person for cleaning, for loading feed and filling pens with hay. In practice, one person can do all this. For our farm, 2 handymen will be enough. Salary - 10,000 rubles.
Purchase of pigs and food costs
For a farm of 800m2, about 128 pigs will be required (based on the minimum area for each 6.25m2). The purchase price of one piglet at the age of two months is 2,500 rubles. In total, the purchase will require 320,000 rubles.
By the way, it is better to buy from different suppliers in order to avoid mixing genes. Otherwise, the offspring may turn out to be weak and sick.
In terms of feed, 100 kg of compound feed per pig with 180 kg of grain additives per year will be required to grow strong and fleshy animals. For our livestock, 1,067 kg of compound feed and 1,920 kg of grain are needed monthly. The cost of such feeding is 11,000 and 14,500 rubles, respectively.
Calculations and profit
After 6 months, the pig with this feeding gains a mass of about 100 kg. From 128 heads, about 4 are usually left for breeding. It turns out that 124 heads, or 12.4 tons of meat, will go on sale. Considering the average price for 1 kg of 250 rubles, the profit from the sale of all goods is 3,100,000 rubles.
Let's summarize the previously calculated initial investments:
Rent - 120,000 rubles
Equipment - 500,000 rubles
Purchase of piglets - 320,000 rubles
Purchase of feed for the first month - 25,500 rubles
Total: 965,500 rubles
And now let's calculate the monthly expenses that the pig farm requires:
Rent - 120,000 rubles
Utilities - 20,000 rubles
Wages to employees - 130,000 rubles
Feed - 25,500 rubles
Total: 295,500 rubles
It turns out that before receiving the first profit in 6 months, we will spend 1,773,000 rubles. And from the received income of 3,100,000 rubles, the profit will be equal to 1,327,000 rubles.
Conclusion
To obtain good pork, a lot of time, attention and care for pigs are devoted. Therefore, in such a case, one should not look for economical methods and means. The more you invest in raising pigs, the more you will get back.
We are thinking over a business plan for self-breeding rabbits - features
Sheep breeding - what to look for when creating a business plan
The demand for pork is consistently high, so many people want to try to breed these artiodactyls to get not only fresh meat, but also income.
Is it profitable to keep pigs, where to start breeding, how to care for them, and what is generally needed for this? With these and many other questions, we will help you figure it out.
How to start breeding pigs? Of course, from the search for a suitable room in which you need to create conditions. You need to approach this matter especially responsibly if you plan to breed pigs for sale in the future.
Room planning
The walls of the pigsty, in which it is planned to raise pigs for meat or sell live weight, should be made of non-moisture and heat-insulating materials that will keep warm in winter.
The best building materials
- wood;
- brick;
- porous gas blocks;
- cinder blocks;
- rubble stone.
Inside the walls can be plastered and whitewashed or sheathed with boards. The pigsty must maintain suitable microclimatic conditions for keeping pigs. The attic must be insulated, and the floors can be poured with concrete or assembled from boards. In the outer walls, manholes with dimensions of 70x70 cm are needed, through which animals can enter the outdoor area for walking.
Conditions of detention
The most difficult thing is the rearing of young pigs, which need more comfortable conditions. Purchased piglets should be left in a quarantine room for a week to identify sick individuals in the early stages of development.
Young animals need to be grown at an ambient temperature in the range of 18-22 degrees and humidity in the range above 70-80%.
Piglets need to be kept in warm rooms without dampness and drafts so that they can get stronger.
The pig house must be kept clean and the animals must be allowed to walk outside. Change the water as often as possible, and clean the feeders after each feeding. The pigsty requires disinfection every month.
Pigsty lighting
The correct technology for raising pigs involves providing sufficient natural light in the room. Sunlight favorably affects the development of individuals. AT winter months when daylight hours are shortened, artificial lighting is required.
Nursing females require 18 hours of light per day at around 15 lux, and fatteners require 5-6 lux for 12 hours.
Room ventilation
In the pigsty, you need to equip a ventilation system that will remove recycled air from the room, and in return drive fresh air from the street inside.
The main thing is not to forget that drafts are dangerous for piglets and young animals, so ventilation should not be too powerful. Optimal conditions for growing pigs are created with a supply and exhaust unit with adjustable performance.
Which breed is better
For it is necessary not only to study and comply with the conditions for breeding pigs, but also to buy suitable livestock. All domestic pigs are divided into three categories, depending on the meat:
- Bacon. Their meat has the most layers of fat, but there is no layer of fat.
- Tallow meat. They have premium lard, but also eat meat.
- Meat-sebaceous. They mainly produce meat.
In Russia, about three dozen breeds of different categories are in demand, and among themselves they differ in terms of cultivation, meat quality and weight. When determining the breed of pigs in the farmstead, be guided not by features, but by market demand in the region:
- Large white. This breed was brought from England, but our breeders have made a significant contribution to the current appearance of animals. Proper breeding of white pigs allows individuals to gain 100 kg of weight in 7 months, and the weight of adult boars reaches 350 kg and females up to 250 kg. The breed is classified as meat-fat.
- In the bacon category, the most popular breed in the Russian Federation is considered to be a breed called Landrace. Animals gain a hundred kilograms in about six months, and the maximum weight is 300 kg for males and 220 for females.
- It is difficult to single out the most popular breed among lard-meat breeds, since there are many of them. Among them is a large black one. Pigs gain a centner in 6-7 months, reaching a maximum weight of 310 kg for boars and 215 kg for sows.
If you are interested in raising pigs for the purpose of obtaining dietary meat, pay attention to the Pietrain breed. Such pork contains less fat, and the animals themselves do not require any special care.
What to feed pigs
What to feed pigs for rapid growth - this question is asked by all beginners. If pig farming is a business for you, it’s better not to save on feed. A balanced diet is the main factor influencing the weight gain of individuals, and the taste of meat also depends on the quality of the feed.
There are three categories of food in total, but we recommend using the first and second, or a combination of them.
It is not recommended to feed with feed of the third category, otherwise the meat will lose its taste. You can add it to the diet in rare cases, and 2-3 months before slaughter, exclude it altogether. Between themselves, the feed differ in composition:
- Category I feeds are wheat, barley, rye, beans, peas, carrots and beets.
- Category II includes alfalfa, clover and other grasses.
- Category III feed consists of potatoes, corn, wheat bran, beet molasses, buckwheat, etc.
More green fodder contributes to the build-up of meat, and root crops, corn and barley increase the layer of fat. Thus, everyone decides for himself what is better to feed the pigs.
How and when to feed
From 1.5-2 months the piglet is ready for intensive fattening. During the first 6-8 months, each of them should gain 100-120 kg. About 400 kg of feed will be spent on each individual for this. Features of breeding pigs require five meals a day for up to 3-4 months, after which they switch to four meals a day. The main thing after feeding is to clean the feeders from food debris.
Pigs are considered omnivores, but the quality of the feed used will affect the meat, so we do not recommend feeding them leftovers from the table.
The diet should include vegetables with fruits, a variety of grains and root crops. Additionally, you need to buy feed containing valuable trace elements.
Piglets up to 4-5 months are fed boiled root crops with the addition of milled wheat and herbs (legume tops, nettles). Milk whey is mixed into the feed, and 10 g of salt per day and a spoonful of iron sulfate (2.5 g dissolved in 1 liter of water) are recommended from additives.
From the eighth month, animals gain fat, so it is recommended to add more legumes, fatty waste and zucchini to the diet, and increase the daily dose of salt to 40 g.
Large-scale breeding of pigs per tribe will increase income if you grow feed yourself, and on small pig farms it is more profitable to buy ready-made food.
Features of keeping pigs in winter
The care and breeding of pigs in winter has certain features that you should be aware of. To prevent animals from freezing and not getting sick, the premises need to be insulated and heated. It is recommended to drink them with warm water, and the method of feeding is also different. Due to the lack of seasonal greens, more food waste, compound feed and bran should be added to the diet, also not forgetting about salt.
Often, novice farm owners are interested in what to feed pigs to grow better?
Pig breeding
Now let's find out, pigs for sale? It all depends on the seriousness of your approach. If you learn how to properly breed animals, it will turn into enough profitable business. Physiological maturity in females occurs at 8-9 months, and at 11-14 the first offspring is possible. For it to be good, you need a sow weighing more than 100 kg, with at least 12 formed teats.
For one farrowing, the female brings up to 14 piglets (depending on the breed), and each of them is your profit. Whether this is a profitable business will depend on the demand and average prices for the breed being bred in a particular region.
To prepare the sow for pregnancy, enrich the diet with milk waste, juicy green grass and compound feed. Use hay instead of greens in winter. When the pig becomes restless, refuses to feed and grunts characteristically, this indicates the onset of estrus.
After 10-12 hours, you need to organize a mating with a boar or carry out artificial insemination, and repeat the procedure after the same time period. After 17 days, you need to watch the female. If estrus symptoms recur, the sow is not fertilized, and the process must be repeated (it is better to choose another boar). we told, but this is not the most difficult thing in their reproduction.
How to care for born piglets
Piglets born into the world require special attention. What is needed here is not the usual care of pigs, but more reverent and attentive. Additional attention is needed for a nursing female. After farrowing, you need to give her a liter of water, and after another six hours, fully satisfy her need for liquid.
On the first day, the female should be given a liquid mixture of wheat bran or oatmeal, and after a week, introduce root crops into the diet - they will ensure the flow of milk. After farrowing, the pig will have to be fed three times a day at regular intervals.
As for piglets, each of them after farrowing should be wiped, washed with patches, ears and mouth, treated with a cut of the umbilical cord and burned with iodine.
Breeding pigs is serious business. Important role plays the obligatory establishment of contact between the piglets and the mother during the first 45 minutes (you need to bring each of them to the nipples). If this is not done, the female will not accept them.
Calculation of the profitability of breeding pigs
Now let's find out if it is profitable to keep pigs for sale and how much does it cost to raise a pig? To calculate the profitability, let's take a small pig farm of 50 heads.
Each pig costs about $40, which means a total of $2,000 is required. Each individual will need 100 kg of compound feed and 180 kg of grain annually, that is, you will spend $ 170-200 per month on feed. In part, the profitability of raising pigs depends on the quality of the feed, so do not save much.
In about six months, pigs will gain almost 100 kg each. From 50 heads for breeding, you can leave 3-4, and sell the rest for meat. From them you will receive a profit of about 10-15 thousand dollars.
At first glance, pigs as a business seem very profitable business, but consider the cost of salaries for working personnel, communal payments, the purchase of equipment and feed, and as a result, one pig will remain net profit in the amount of 750-800 rubles per month.
Considering all this, decide for yourself whether it is profitable or not.
