FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) is a popular free codec designed for lossless audio data compression.

Unlike audio codecs that provide lossy compression (MP3, AAC, WMA, Ogg Vorbis), FLAC, like any other lossless codec, does not remove any information from the audio stream and is suitable both for listening to music on high-quality audio equipment and for archiving audio collections.

Today, the FLAC format is supported by many audio applications and portable audio players, and has a large number of hardware implementations.

FLAC Specifications

• Lossless

When encoding audio data (PCM), no loss is allowed, that is, the decoded audio is identical bit by bit to the original. Each data frame contains a 16-bit CRC to detect transmission errors. The integrity of the audio data is also further secured by writing to the file header an MD5 signature calculated on the basis of the original unencoded audio data, which can then be compared during decoding or testing.

• Speed

FLAC decodes only using integer algorithms, which is much less resource intensive than other encoders. Real-time decoding is possible even on very "modest" equipment.

• Hardware support

Since FLAC is an open format and has very modest decoding requests, it is this moment the only lossless encoder that has hardware support.

• threading

Each frame in FLAC files completely contains all the necessary information for decoding. FLAC will not refer to the previous or next frame; FLAC uses sync codes and CRCs (similar to MPEG) that allow the decoder to jump to the middle of the stream with minimal delay.

• Search

FLAC supports fast, sample-accurate searching. This characteristic is useful not only for playback, but also for various kinds of editor programs.

• Metadata Flexibility

New metadata blocks can be defined and added in future versions of the encoder without any break for older versions of the decoders. At the moment there are metadata types for tags, cue sheets, lookup tables. Third party applications can write their own Application metadata type by registering their identifier.

Advantages of FLAC

• Ported to many systems.
• Open source and free license.
• Hardware support (PhatBox, Kenwood MusicKeg, Rio Karma, etc.).
• Streaming support.
• Very fast decoding.
• Multichannel support and high resolution streams.
• Replay gain support.
• Cue sheet support (with some limitations).
• Widespread as a successor to the Shorten format.

Disadvantages of FLAC

• The compression efficiency is slightly less than other popular encoders (

16 of September

<Письмо>Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 02.09.2016 N AP-1471/02

"On the provision of statistical data in the form of the Federal Tax Service N OO-1 at the beginning of the 2016/2017 academic year"

Form FSN N 00-1 at the beginning of the 2016/2017 academic year must be submitted to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia before October 15, 2016.

The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia recalls that educational organizations that carry out educational activities on educational programs primary general, basic general and secondary general education, provide information in the form of the Federal Tax Service N OO-1 to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia no later than October 15, 2016 in in electronic format.

Providing statistical reporting in electronic form is carried out through the personal accounts of educational organizations, organized at http://cabinet.miccedu.ru. A paper version of the report in the form N OO-1 with the signature of the official responsible for the provision of statistical information is sent to the GIVC.

The review was prepared by Consultant Plus specialists and provided by Consultant Plus Sverdlovsk Region - information center Network ConsultantPlus in Yekaterinburg and Sverdlovsk region

<Письмо>Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated August 31, 2017 N VP-920/02 On the provision of statistical data in the form of the Federal Tax Service N OO-1 at the beginning of the 2017/18 academic year (together with the Procedure for the provision of statistical data in the form of the Federal Tax Service N OO-1 at the beginning of the 2017/18 academic year of the year)

PROVISION OF STATISTICAL DATA IN THE FORM OF FSN N OO-1

AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 2017/18 ACADEMIC YEAR

Educational organizations that carry out educational activities in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education provide information in the form of the Federal Tax Service N OO-1 to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia no later than October 15, 2017 in electronic form.

The provision of statistical reporting in electronic form is carried out through the personal accounts of educational organizations of the subjects Russian Federation, organized at http://cabinet.miccedu.ru, the information in which must be updated before the collection of statistical data in the form of the Federal Tax Service N OO-1 at the beginning of the 2017/18 academic year.

Please note that incorrect filling in the fields of the organization's passport in its personal account, such as: organization status - entity, branch or specialized structural subdivision, address of the organization, status of its functioning, TIN, OGRN, OKFS codes, information on the territorial affiliation of the organization in the context of urban settlements and countryside, may distort the actual situation in the subject of the Russian Federation with further data aggregation.

If available at educational organization branches, information in the form of the Federal Tax Service N OO-1 is also filled out for each branch separately, i.e. form reports must be uploaded through personal accounts for the parent organization and separately for branches, if any.

Middle vocational education or higher education having in their structure units that provide training in general education programs, also provide reports in the form of the Federal Tax Service N OO-1 through personal accounts created at http://cabinet.miccedu.ru (separately for each structural unit if there are several).

A single account is created for each organization or branch of an organization. Login and password are generated automatically and consist only of numbers to facilitate their transfer by telephone to downstream organizations. Creating and editing accounts is carried out in the web system by filling in a list of fields with information about the organization.

Software for preparing a report in the form of FSN N OO-1 with the possibility of subsequent editing and verification of the finished report according to the formulas of logical and arithmetic control will be available after September 15, 2017 in personal accounts of organizations organized at http://cabinet.miccedu.ru .