The Internet (from the English Internet) is a worldwide system of voluntarily interconnected computer networks built on the use of the IP protocol and routing of data packets. The Internet forms a global information space, serves as the physical basis for the World Wide Web and a variety of systems (protocols) for data transmission. Often referred to as the World Wide Web and the Global Network.
History of appearance.
After launch Soviet Union artificial satellite of the Earth in 1957, the US Department of Defense decided that in case of war, America needed a reliable information transmission system. The US Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) proposed to develop a computer network for this, which was called the ARPANET. AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencynetwork), and in 1969, within the framework of the project, the network already united four scientific institutions. Then the ARPANET network began to actively grow and develop, scientists from different fields of science began to use it.
The first the ARPANET server was installed on September 1, 1969 at the University of California, Los Angeles.
By 1971, the first program for sending e-mail over the network was developed, the program immediately became very popular.
In 1973, the first foreign organizations from Great Britain and Norway were connected to the network via a transatlantic telephone cable, and the network became international.
In the 1970s, the network was primarily used for sending e-mail, which was also when the first mailing lists, newsgroups, and bulletin boards appeared. However, at that time, the network could not yet easily interoperate with other networks built on other technical standards.
By the end of the 1970s, data transfer protocols began to develop rapidly, which were standardized in 1982-83.
On January 1, 1983, the ARPANET switched from the NCP protocol to TCP / IP, which is still successfully used to combine (or, as they say, “layering”) networks. It was in 1983 that the term "Internet" was assigned to the ARPANET.
In 1984, the Domain Name System (DNS) was developed.
In 1984, the ARPANET had a serious rival, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) founded the vast inter-university network NSFNet (abbreviated from the English National Science Foundation Network), which was made up of smaller networks (including the then famous networks Usenet and Bitnet) and had much more bandwidth than ARPANET. About 10,000 computers connected to this network in a year, the title of "Internet" began to gradually move to NSFNet.
In 1988, the Internet Relay Chat (IRC) protocol was invented, making real-time communication possible on the Internet.
In 1989, in Europe, within the walls of the European Council for Nuclear Research (fr. Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire, CERN), the concept of the World Wide Web was born. It was proposed by the famous British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who within two years developed the HTTP protocol, the HTML language and URIs.
In 1990, the ARPANET ceased to exist, completely losing the competition to NSFNet. In the same year, the first connection to the Internet via a telephone line was recorded.
In 1991, the World Wide Web went public on the Internet, and in 1993, the famous NCSA Mosaic web browser appeared. The World Wide Web has grown in popularity.
Today we cannot imagine life without the Internet. The Internet has become both a source of information and a means of communication for us. For many, the worldwide network is an opportunity to make good money. Favorite movie, expected book, hot news - you can find anything on the Internet. But it was not always so. There were times when we did not even know about such a miracle of technology as a computer, what can we say about the Internet! I wonder who created the Internet and when. What is the history of the Internet. What was the purpose of the Internet? And did its creators think what their idea would result in.
Who created the computer and when: a long way of computerization
Yes, yes, you are not mistaken! Despite the fact that the topic of our conversation is: who created the Internet and when, we will have to deviate a little from it. After all, you must admit that without "smart electronics" there would be no Internet. Therefore, to begin with, we will find out who created the computer and when.
Due to the different classification of computers, indications about the date of their appearance may vary. Debut "computers" are different from the technology that we are used to seeing now.
People have always tried to simplify the painstaking computational process and automate it. Trial swallows can be called ordinary abacus and an adding machine, invented back in 1820. And in 1822, the English mathematician C. Babbage prepared the concept of an intelligent machine, which later became considered the prototype of the first automatic computer. Unfortunately, there were not enough funds to fully implement the project.
It is interesting! The term "computer" was first used in 1613. And it meant not a machine, but a person performing certain computational actions.
The first experimental programmable model was a machine called the Z1. It was created by the German engineer K. Zuse in 1938. Based on the Z1 principle, he created the first Z3 computer in 1941, which already had the main characteristics of the current "personal computers".
A year later, American physicists began work on the creation of an electronic "thinking machine". The project became the prototype of the first electronic computer, called ENIAC. The first computer was created by American John Mauchly in 1946.
Curious, but true!The first computers were so bulky that they often took up an area the size of a three-room apartment. And their weight reached 28 tons!
As regards personal computers, their development began in the 1970s, when “thinking machines” were assembled at home for the sake of exploration. And the first commercial PC was the Altair 8800 model. It was created in 1975 by Henry Edward Roberts.
Not to mention a significant contribution to the development computer technology Americans Wozniak and Jobs. It was they who made an important step towards the computers with which we are accustomed to work today. In 1976, these two men developed a programmable device. And the main purpose of "Apple", that's what Wozniak and Jobs called their brainchild, were video games. In the future, the whole Apple corporation, under the leadership of Jobs, began to manufacture personal computers.
And the subject of mass exploitation in the nineties were computers designed in 1986 by IBM. These machines already featured a 16-bit Intel processor and Microsoft software.
Who created the Internet and when
Well, that's all, let's leave the topic "who created the computer and when" for now - after all, she is not the hero of the day. We turn directly to the question: who created the Internet and when. After all, the opportunities that he gives us today are simply colossal! For many today, the World Wide Web is the main source of income.
By the way, if you also want to take part in generating income via the Internet, but have not yet decided on the type of activity, we suggest that you study the publication.
And we go directly to the topic.
How it all started
The Internet was born in the United States of America. It was the US Department of Defense that in 1957 thought about the need to own a proven information barter system. So in 1969, the ARPANET project appeared, uniting four scientific institutions to create an information network.
And the birth date of the Internet is October 29, 1969, when the first communication between the University of Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Center took place. At 21:00, the first communication attempt was made, which was unsuccessful. And an hour and a half later, an employee from Stanford saw on his screen a word sent to him by a representative of the University of Los Angeles.
Two years later it was already invented Email through which people can communicate over the Internet. And its ancestor was Ray Tomlinson. He also came up with the “dog” character, which is still used in any email address to this day. It was from 1971, when e-mail appeared, that the network was able to interest millions of users and began to be considered global.
It is interesting! In different countries, the symbol "dog" is called differently. For example, in Greece its name is a little duck, and in Germany it is called a hanging monkey.
What's next: development prospects
In 1973, the first world debut of the Internet took place. to the American information system Norway and Great Britain connected via a transatlantic telephone cable.
Exactly ten years later, the term “Internet” itself appeared, which became both a means of communication and a platform for placing news and advertising feeds.
In 1988, a "here and now" communication service, the so-called "chat", appeared. And 1989 is considered the year of the emergence of the true World Wide Web. This became real thanks to the emergence of a special abbreviation WWW. Briton Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web by combining existing information networks into one. He also created the browser, and in 1990 the first website.
Internet in Russia
Long time in the Soviet Union Information Technology developed in parallel with the Western ones. In many ways, their development became possible due to the appearance in the USSR of sources for the use of Western microprocessor base. Although Soviet scientists had their own progressive developments.
So, in the 1950s. computer networks were formed for projects to develop the missile defense infrastructure. All data were accumulated on computers such as "Diana-I" and "Diana-II".
In the 1970s data networks were also involved in the civilian environment. For example, systems such as ASU-Express and Sirena, which made it possible to reserve railway and air tickets.
The first institute connected to the global network was the Kurchatov Institute. It happened in the 1980s. And in 1990, the All-Union computer network"RELCOM". At the same time, the domain of the Soviet Union was registered.
In 1992, the first providers appeared in the Russian Federation. And April 1994 is marked by the registration of the national domain .Ru.
Who created Google: a name in the studio!
When it comes to the Internet, you can not lose sight of such important points its development, like the creation of Google and YouTube. And first, let's find out the name of the person who created Google.
Today it is simply impossible to imagine the Internet without Google. It turns out that this most popular search engine in the world was born from an ordinary student project! Moreover, its creators did not even count on success, the project was a kind of experiment.
And Google was created by two students Sergey Brin and Larry Page. In 1996, the idea emerged from the annual scientific project, which had to be handed over to partners. Back then it was the Back Rub search engine. A year later, it became known as Google. A year later, the partners had already organized their own Google corporation.
Initially, the company staff consisted of only four people under the leadership of Brin. But since 1999, only the lazy did not know about the company. The peak of success for partners came in 2004.
It is interesting! Truly fabulous conditions have been created for the company's employees, which are distinguished by their democratic nature. For example, 20% of working time employees can do their own business, compensating for their maximum return in the remaining 80%. Staff are also allowed to bring workplace your pets.
By the way, on the pages of our site you can find an interesting review,which will introduce you even closer to this search engine.
So, the name of who created Google was found out. Let's move on to the second moment and find out who created YouTube and when.
Who created YouTube and when
Not two, but three people took part in the creation of YouTube. And this happened in 2005. It is noteworthy that the creators of YouTube, as well as the founders of Google, did not even think that their innocent idea would become such a success.
So, when - in 2005, who created YouTube - S. Chen, C. Hurley and D. Karim. All these comrades, working at PayPal, decided to bring personal service to life.
The original format of YouTube was somewhat different from the format that we are used to seeing today. The HotOrNot service was a guideline for its creation, where users could share their photos and rate pictures of other users. But the concept of partners was based on video.
It's curious! Initially, the project was conceived as a kind of dating site with video content. Therefore, the date of registration of his domain was February 14th.
The first video appeared on the service in April 2005, when one of the creators of YouTube appeared in front of cages with elephants. It was an unremarkable video that lasted 18 seconds. But the main objective– public testing of the site – has been achieved.
It is noteworthy, but newly registered users posted videos on various topics on the site, and not just for the purpose of dating. So, since May 2005, the developers have changed the concept and abandoned the original idea of a dating site.
And now attention!In November 2006, YouTube was bought by Google. The company is constantly working to improve the service by developing new applications.
YouTube appeared in Russia in 2007. Today, in addition to news, music and humorous videos, so-called video blogs are in great demand, where users upload subject videos aimed at a wide audience.
Conclusion
Well, well, it's time to return from the virtual world to the real world. Today we not only found out who created the Internet and when, but also found out when the computer appeared and who created the popular Google and YouTube services. Now ask yourself the question: what would we do without all this? Think at your leisure: you can come to completely different conclusions!
Greetings, dear readers of the blog website. Everyone is talking about the Internet, about its possibilities. But I am sure that one hundred and most users do not know who created the Internet and how the Internet developed, which is what today's article will be devoted to.
Word the Internet so deeply entered our lives that, for example, children sincerely think that it has always been like this. It was always possible to enter the site, get information, communicate in social networks, play online. What becomes so habitual, we gradually cease to notice. But if you seriously think about such a concept as Internet history , then the first surprise of many will await immediately. It turns out that the first website is only twenty years old.
Today we can state that the network has really become worldwide and global. From teenagers in New York to Aleutian shamans, everyone uses the World Wide Web.
Where did the Internet and the World Wide Web come from?
The fact, in itself, is remarkable, we state it with pleasure - the Internet has no owner. It essentially brings together individual local networks, which are in a functional state thanks to network providers.
There is even an opinion among a number of experts that the constant growth of such a thing as media traffic (photos, videos and other “heavy” content) may soon lead to the complete collapse of the World Wide Web. Internet bandwidth is still limited.
Many states, by the way, because of such a "no man's" World Wide Web faced a serious problem. They cannot introduce censorship into the global network. The totalitarian regimes in the world are bursting at the seams. Recently, the officials were very happy. They came up with the idea of equating the Internet with the mass media. Victory? Not at all! Well, not at all! What is the Internet? It is essentially just a means of communication. In this sense, it can be compared to a telephone or, if you like, writing paper. And now, gentlemen officials, apply your censorship to the telephone or to paper. Will it work? Useless!
The state can only apply sanctions to individual sites. And no head of the most powerful state in the world can limit the World Wide Web as a whole. It turns out a global network - global freedom!
Did you know that the first attempts to create an information web were made back in 1957. It is clear that such a network was needed by the military gentlemen and, it is also clear that in the United States. Development was very slow (12 years). This is due to the fact that computers were, to put it mildly, very far from perfect. However, as early as 1971, the Pentagon was able to launch and exchange it with scientists from America's leading universities. So we fix the date the first use of the Global Network for the needs of email transmission. Just imagine: 1971, email...
It took about 10 years for the World Wide Web to cross the oceans. Since the beginning of the 80s, protocols have appeared that allow data to be transmitted - mail and protocol FTP(file). News conference minutes appear usenet. Now it is already possible to organize something similar to a forum.
Scientists spent some time trying to create a DNS (domain name) system. Finally, a protocol was created that allows you to communicate over the Internet in real time. This is the so-called "irka" - IRC. Now you can chat online.
Farther Internet history cannot do without mentioning the name of one Englishman. This is Tim Berners-Lee. This is what he came up with world wide web. Now everyone knows this abbreviation WWW. And then scientists involved in nuclear research needed somewhere convenient to store and place scientific information.
Berners-Lee invented the fundamental elements of the WWW for humanity. Now all the information in our computers is one solid hypertext. Here it is, the basic principle of organizing information, which was taken as a basis Tim Berners-Lee - hypertext. It can include an infinite number of hyperlinks. The developments of the brilliant Englishman were transferred to the global network. The success of the new invention of scientists was stunning. In the first five years of its existence, more than 50 million users registered on the network.
To implement the hypertext principle, it was necessary to create the HTTP protocol (data transfer) and develop a completely new language for HTML hypertext markup. Now it was possible to store, transfer and . The question arose about how to refer to these documents? This is how the Uniform Resource Identifier and Uniform Resource Locator (URI and URL) were born.
Now it's up to such a program that on our computers could display what we request on the network. It's the browser's turn to appear. Even today we do not have so many of them, but the main players completely satisfy us. good old Internet Explorer battle-tested Mozilla Firefox , bold newcomer Google Chrome , loved but fading Opera- these are our daily and faithful assistants on the World Wide Web.
Let's pay tribute to the genius of Timothy John Berners-Lee. In fact, he single-handedly created the basic tools of the modern World Wide Web. A little later, a browser will appear, with the help of which it became possible to transfer graphic information - Mosaic. If you compare the Internet to cooking in the kitchen, then the graphical browser in the list of ingredients is salt. As any dish will be tasteless without salt, so the Global Network with pictures, photos and videos has become the favorite dish of mankind.
It is interesting that Berners-Lee did not earn any very much big money. Money will pour into this industry a little later. Those who will create Yandex, Google will turn over billions of dollars.
Here's a good presentation on the subject:
P.S.
Sincerely, Alexander Sergienko
Do you know at what speed I went online for the first time? 32 kilobits per second. Those who are younger probably will not even be able to imagine this. I downloaded one song in MP3 for an hour; to go online, I waited a minute until the computer through the phone with a creak (in the literal sense there was a creak) would reach the World Wide Web; popular search engines were not Yandex or Google. In general, we plunge into history.
World Wide Web: common or draw?
The Internet is a world space, an association of a system of computer networks. There are countless computers connected to it all over the world. Communication in social networks and online games have become commonplace. So familiar that we consider them not worthy of attention.
Meanwhile, the history of the Internet is an amazing thing. And immediately the discovery: the age of the first website is twenty-five years! (for 2016), look at it info.cern.ch. The Internet is a global network, this is understandable: everyone uses it, from teenagers in Washington to shamans in Alaska.
The second amazing fact: the Internet does not belong to anyone! Separate local networks are connected by a worldwide network, and network providers maintain networks in working order. The bandwidth of the World Wide Web is limited, and the constant increase in the growth of media traffic, according to experts, can lead to its collapse.
It is “no one's” that has become a problem for many states: it is not possible to introduce censorship in the global network. True, the Internet has recently been equated with the media, but ... With the help of the Internet, information is transmitted. It turns out that the World Wide Web is something similar to paper or a telephone.
And how to apply censorship to paper? Sanctions can only be applied to individual sites. And no leader in the world is capable of limiting the Internet. So, the worldwide network is global freedom!
Birth
And the history of the Internet began in 1957 with the launch of an artificial satellite by the Soviet Union. In response, America decided to develop a computer network as a reliable data transmission system: in the event of a war, the United States decided to secure itself.
Leading universities of the country took up the development. The network they created was given the name ARPANET, short for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The computers of that time were too far from perfect, and the development progressed with great difficulty. The project was financed by the Ministry of Defense of the country. Scientific institutions-developers united in a network in 1969.
The first communication session took place between the Stanford Research Center and the University of Los Angeles, separated by a distance of 640 kilometers. True, only the second attempt was successful, but on this day, October 29, 1969, the Internet was born. The time of the first attempt is 21 hours, the second one is an hour and a half later.
Only in 1971 did the Pentagon manage to launch the exchange of information with scientists from the country's universities using e-mail. By 1973, ARPANET became international, and in 1983 the name given to the project became the prototype of the modern Internet. 1984 is known as the year of the introduction of domain names, and with the introduction of IRC, Internet Relay Chat or "irki", from 1988 real-time chatting became possible.
This file transfer protocol was developed in the 80s of the last century. Then the notorious Usenet was born. There was a semblance of a modern forum.
It took another ten years for the World Wide Web to cross the oceans. The idea of creating a global network appeared in Europe in 1989. The ARPANET project spread across industries. 1991 - creation of the first program for transmission over the e-mail network.
Tim John Berners-Lee: creator of web tools
And then came the time of the abbreviation www, World Wide Web. It is impossible to imagine the modern Internet without these letters. The world owes the appearance of the super-popular abbreviation to Tim Berners-Lee. The brilliant Englishman took hypertext with countless hyperlinks as the basis for organizing the storage and placement of information. After the transfer of developments to the global network, the success was tremendous: the first five years of work - the registration of more than fifty million users!
The invention led to the creation of the HTTP data transfer protocol and HTML hypertext markup. It became possible to store, transfer information and create websites. And again the problem: how to refer to documentary data? The solution was to develop URIs and URLs, Uniform Identifiers and Resource Identifiers.
Finally, a program was born for displaying network requests on a computer, that is, a browser: the old familiar Internet Explorer, the proven Mozilla Firefox, the reliable Google Chrome, the beloved, albeit aging Opera - there are not so many well-known and well-deserved "names". But the main assistants meet all our requirements. But there are more and more programs with which we access the worldwide network.
Timothy John Berners-Lee is the author of the grandiose creation, the main tools of the modern World Wide Web. The NCSA Mosaic browser for transmitting graphic information appeared later, in 1993. Thanks to the openness of the Internet standard, the browser has retained independence from commerce. And the global network with photos, videos and pictures immediately became a favorite delicacy of mankind. By 1997, approximately ten million computers were connected to the Internet!
Berners-Lee didn't make millions from his creation. Finances literally poured into this area much later. Billions are in the hands of the creators of Google and Yandex. About their history of creation, I wrote here.
I wonder if it occurred to the creators of the World Wide Web when they started working on the project that it would be possible to connect to the network through communication satellites, Cell phones and electrical wires and even televisions, that the term Runet will appear as part of the Internet?
Now there are national domains su, ru and rf. The birth of Russian networks occurred in 1990 thanks to domestic programmers and physicists. April 7, 1994 - registration of the first Russian domain ru. On May 12, 2010, the rf domain appeared. So Cyrillic entered the modern web.
The modern network cannot even be compared with what it used to be. And many of us are grateful to the creators of the Internet from the bottom of our hearts.
Pavel Yamb was with you, subscribe to updates, write comments. Until we meet again, and a fair wind in sailing through the expanses of the Internet!
The Internet has become so dense in life modern man that sometimes it is even difficult to imagine that it could not be. It's even harder to imagine how we could ever get by without the Internet today. Indeed, thanks to this invention, any boundaries and distances practically ceased to exist. Everything on the web is at arm's length. This is truly a worldwide phenomenon. Few people think about it or attach importance to it, but the history of the creation and development of this means of communication is quite interesting. And yet, who invented the Internet? What sequence of events led to his appearance that gave rise to such an incredible rise in popularity?
At the beginning
If you try to look at the very origins, the history of the Internet goes back to the very first computer networks that appeared in 1956. Naturally, almost every invention is preceded by a certain need. Even then, there was a need to unite computer science in order to provide simplified data exchange and improve performance.
In 1957, the US Defense Department decided to start developing reliable information and communication systems in case there was any danger from the outside. DARPA (US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) has proposed the use of computer networks in this capacity. All this was a great start of the whole information sphere. Of course, the Internet in the form in which we know it will appear much later.
The prototype of the Internet - ARPANET
It cannot be said that the creation of the Internet took place overnight; rather, it was created in stages. The design and development of the network was entrusted to the four largest scientific institutions. These are California State Universities in Santa Barbara and Los Angeles, the University of Utah and the Stanford Research Center. In 1969, they were united among themselves in a network called ARPANET.
The development was funded by the US Department of Defense. Subsequently, other research centers and scientific institutions joined the network. Many expressed a desire to take part in the work on building and improving the technology. The installation of the first server took place on September 2, 1969. A computer called the Honeywell DP-516 had an insignificant, by today's standards, amount of RAM - 24 kilobytes.
By the way, there is another person who can be considered the forefather of the Network. This is Joseph Licklider. He was one of the first active promoters of global networking. If you ask yourself who invented the Internet, then part of the credit definitely belongs to him. He published his ideas, very close in meaning to the Internet that we see now, back in 1960 in the article “Man-Computer Symbiosis”.
Birthday
We have come to the main question. In what year was the Internet invented? So, on October 29, 1969, a momentous event occurred. Charlie Kline, who was in Los Angeles, was trying to establish a remote connection to a computer in Stanford, located at a distance of 640 kilometers. There, the reception of the transmitted characters was controlled by Bill Duvall, confirming the success by phone. It was planned to send the LOGIN command, but on the first attempt only two characters were sent - LO, after which the Network went down. Functioning resumed quickly, and by about 10:30 p.m., the transfer had been successfully completed. We can say that from this date the Internet takes its actual beginning.
Further development
When the performance was tested experimentally new technology, the systematic development of related software began. 1971 is the year of birth of the first mail client. Of course, it was far from the software that is available now, but it quickly gained popularity.
Already in 1973, the Network began to acquire the image of an international one, since organizations from another continent, namely Europe, were attached. The first countries were Great Britain and Norway. The connection was made through the transatlantic telephone trunk.
In general, in the 1970s, the main services that were available and used on the Internet were e-mail, news, bulletin boards. Even then, even mailing lists appeared, although there was no spam then, everything was just on business. Spam appeared a little later.
Network Engineering
To make using the Internet as simple and intuitive as it is now, there was still a lot of work to be done. In particular, at that time there was no interaction with other computer networks that were built according to other standards. The creators, engineers and programmers faced a difficult and interesting task: it was necessary to develop a protocol that would standardize and make it possible for diverse networks to work together.
Jon Postel played a huge role in resolving this issue. It was he who came up with the concept of TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol), which replaced the previously used NCP. It is with the help of TCP / IP that the association (or merging, overlaying) of networks occurs. The protocol was adopted in 1983 (later, however, it was repeatedly subjected to changes and improvements). So among the names of those who invented the Internet or made a significant contribution to it, his name can definitely stand.
At the same time, the ARPANET was increasingly referred to as the "Internet". By the way, this name itself is an abbreviation for INTERconnected NETworks, which means “interconnected networks”.
And in 1984, they completed the development and implemented the domain name system. The scientific name is Domain Name Server, DNS. Thanks to this, you now write website addresses in letters. If there were no DNS, I would have to write sets of numbers - IP addresses.
Well-known chats - real-time communication - work on IRC (Internet Relay Chat) technology, which was created in 1988.
Another predecessor
In fact, the history of the Internet is very rich in many faces, factors, backgrounds and coincidences. It's easy to write an entire book. But we will focus on the most basic events. In 1984, the US National Science Foundation launched a large inter-university network - NFCnet, which became a serious competitor for ARPANET. It united several small networks, had more throughput, and in the first year about 10,000 computers connected to it.
The key point was that NFCnet used the principle of "core networks", which provides high stability, speed and reliability. This feature was a major breakthrough, outlining the contours of the technology that we have today.
However, the core networks did not become the final stage of development. In 1993, they were replaced by even more advanced NAPs, or, more simply, access points. This opened up the possibility of interoperability between commercial networks, which further expanded the boundaries of the use of the Internet.
The technical background is, perhaps, a symbiosis of ARPANET and NFCnet.
World Wide Web, or the well-known WWW
Few people know, but big role The fact that the Internet has become so popular among ordinary users has been played by the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN, the one that scared us with the launch of the Large Hadron Collider). More specifically, the British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who worked there. It was he who came up with the concept that later became the World Wide Web.
Over the course of two years, he developed HTTP, the URI system, and HTML. The latter is a programming language using hypertext markup. To make it clear how huge this contribution is, it is worth saying that almost all sites are written in HTML (all other options appeared much later). With HTTP technology, users access the vast majority of Internet resources, and URLs (a subtype of URI) are the names that we see in the address bar of a web browser.
So, what we constantly use when browsing sites is just the Web. And the Internet is a network through which information and servers are accessed. Nowadays, the Internet is identified directly with the Web, although this is not the same thing.
Some more facts
In 1990, the service and operation of the ARPANET network was terminated due to the need for it having disappeared. We can say that the final transition to the Internet has taken place. At the same time, the first connection to the network was made using a telephone line.
The World Wide Web went public in 1991. And the very first web browser called NCSA Mosaic was developed by Mark Anderssen in 1993. Perhaps it was Mosaic, together with HTTP, that ensured such a rapid spread of the Internet and its incredible popularity. The first is due to a clear and thoughtful user interface, and the second is due to the fact that it provided all the necessary communications and made it possible to develop content. Now it was really the Internet information network.
Later, providers began to provide data exchange, instead of university and other supercomputers. The World Wide Web Consortium, W3C, was organized. And already in 1995, WWW overtook all other protocols in terms of the amount of information transmitted.
Rapid growth
In the 1990s, the Internet united almost all disparate networks and grew significantly in all respects. This is technical and software, number of sites and other information, access speed and stability. But the main growth is the number of users. For 5 years of existence, the audience has already amounted to more than 50 million users. For comparison, it took television 13 years to collect the same number. Today, more than two billion people are connected to the network, and this figure is growing steadily.
A wide variety of services have emerged, such as video streaming, cloud storage, social networks, forums, blogs, and more. Data transfer takes place on high speeds and on a gigantic scale. Hundreds of petabytes of information pass through the network every day. In general, it is now difficult to imagine the life of a modern person without the World Wide Web. Now access can be obtained via satellite, mobile communications, cable and fiber optic backbones, from virtually anywhere on earth. The Internet has become an integral part of our existence.
Conclusion
There are too many key figures in the history of the creation and development of global networks to give an unambiguous answer to the question of who invented the Internet. This did not happen at once, but many talented specialists worked on it.
The emergence of the Internet is not a whim or experiment, it was due to many factors that made it simply inevitable. One can only give credit to all the above-mentioned people for the fact that we have such an indispensable thing as the Internet at our disposal.
