What is tolerance? Tolerance - (from Latin tolerantia - patience): 1) the immunological state of the body in which it is unable to synthesize antibodies in response to the introduction of a certain antigen while maintaining immune reactivity to other antigens. The problem of tolerance matters in organ and tissue transplantation... 2) The body's ability to endure the adverse effects of one or another environmental factor... 3) Tolerance for other people's opinions, beliefs, behavior.
Recognition of diversity... Recognition of diversity... On November 16, 1995, the Member States of UNESCO adopted the Declaration of Principles of Tolerance (Tolerance), and in 1996 the UN proposed to celebrate the International Day of Tolerance. Tolerance in the Declaration is understood as "respect, acceptance and correct understanding of the rich diversity of cultures of our world, our forms of self-expression and ways of manifestation of human individuality." The Declaration proclaims “the recognition that human beings by nature differ in appearance, position, speech, behavior and values and have the right to live in the world and preserve their individuality.
Acceptance of different views Tolerance, according to the definition of academician V. Tishkov, is “a personal or social characteristic that implies the realization that the world and the social environment are multidimensional, which means that views on this world are different and should not be reduced to uniformity or in someone else’s it’s good” We are different! And everyone looks at everything that happens around in their own way! And he has his OWN opinion, often very different from the opinions of other people!
It is necessary to learn tolerance It is necessary to learn tolerance Each nation, like each individual person, has both advantages and disadvantages, due to the peculiarities of historical fate, living conditions. Very often people are indulgent to their shortcomings and intolerant of others. Therefore, we all need to learn tolerance. Parents should nurture it in their children!
The ability to understand each other! Tolerance consists in the fact that there should be respect for a different phenomenon than the one to which you are accustomed. Respect for the individual, for a person, regardless of his nationality, religion, respect for his values and traditions. The most important thing is the ability to understand each other. Vladimir Zorin, Minister of the Russian Federation in charge of national policy issues.
The Art of Compromise We are talking about the art of compromise and tolerance is a great art of people who try to understand each other. But for me, the most important thing is tolerance, its symbol is a boat on which, like in Noah's ark, people get along and are saved, animals are completely different, different. Tolerance is support and understanding of differences. - Alexander Asmolov. Doctor of Psychology, author and head of the Federal target program
Actual topic The problem of education of tolerance is very actual. At school, interaction begins to take shape between children who come from different families, with different life experiences, with insufficiently formed communicative activities. Therefore, it is very important to teach the child, on the one hand, to accept the other as significant and valuable, and on the other hand, to be critical of their own views.
The ability to see the Other It is necessary to teach children to understand that tolerance is patience, tolerance, indulgence. The dictionary of foreign languages interprets it as patience for other people's opinions and beliefs. To date, tolerance is considered in the context of such concepts as recognition, acceptance, understanding. Recognition is the ability to see in the other exactly the other, as the bearer of other values, a different logic of thinking, other forms of behavior. Acceptance is a positive attitude towards such differences. Understanding is the ability to see another from the inside, the ability to look at his world simultaneously from two points of view: one's own and his.
Educational problem Undoubtedly, it is necessary to educate tolerance with early childhood! The problem of communication culture and respectful attitude to the Other is one of the most acute in the school, and in society as a whole. By learning to accept other people for who they are, you can learn to avoid unnecessary conflicts.
Interaction between families and schools Education of a culture of tolerance should be carried out according to the formula: “parents + children + teacher”. Thus, the family in the formation of tolerance among students is of great importance. After all, the effectiveness of raising a child greatly depends on how closely the school and the family interact.
Much depends on the culture of adults The success of the formation of a tolerant personality in children is largely determined by the tolerant culture of adults. In raising a child, one should proceed from the following principles: accept the child as he is, because every child is original; believe in the ability of the child, stimulate his creative activity; respect the personality of the student, create a situation of success for each child; do not humiliate the dignity of the child; do not compare anyone with anyone, compare only the results of actions; understand that everyone has the right to make mistakes; remember that everyone has the right to their opinion, and no one has the right to laugh at the judgments of others.
What is the difference between tolerance and tolerance Tolerance for me is interest, respect and participation in the culturally different, culturally different. Here I would give you an example of how tolerance differs from tolerance in its everyday sense. That's tolerance, when I endure that my church, and next to it is a mosque and a synagogue - all in the same block. And tolerance is when I, an Orthodox believer, together with a Jewish Jew, help a Muslim build his mosque. Tolerance is the knowledge of symbolism as part of one's own. Valery Tishkov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Director of the Institute of Anthropology and Ethnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Two types of relationships: Despite the fact that the experience of relationships is individual, two types of relationships can be distinguished: from a position of violence (violent) from a position of non-violence (tolerant) Features characteristic of different positions in relationships are shown in the table.
Position of violence Position of non-violence Distrust Contempt Rejection Denial Authoritarianism Subject-objectivity Low level of empathy Selfishness Relations of power/submission Trust Respect Acceptance Recognition Democracy Subject-subjectivity High level of empathy Humanism, altruism Relations of equality and equal rights
The differences between the tolerant and violent type of interaction are based on the difference in the orientation of the attitude, goals, motivation of actions and deeds. The type of interaction leaves an imprint on speech, demeanor, position of the subjects of communication (adults and children, teachers and students).
Non-violent interaction Violent interaction Has a focus on equality and equal rights, Its goals are to coordinate actions to meet the needs and interests of all participants in communication, Motivation is humanistic The predominant type of relationship is subject-subject Type of communication is dialogue. Differs in the installation of inequality, The goal is to achieve one-sided advantages. Motivation - in achieving social control, group pressure. The prevailing type of relationship is subject-object, the type of communication is monologic, authoritarian.
Main task: development of non-confrontational consciousness, the ability to find alternative ways out in a difficult situation of interaction; development of an emotional and value attitude towards another person: the ability to see the positive aspects of a person or act, the ability to take the place of another and justify one's actions, the development of the logic of arguing one's opinion, etc .; Dear teachers! The results of education reflect, first of all, the general style. We must not forget that like is brought up by like: Kindness - kindness; Intelligence - intelligence; Independence - independence; Tolerance is tolerance.
slide 1
slide 2
slide 3
Slide 7
The program "Education of a culture of tolerance in children" younger age» provides for the following areas of teaching tolerance: 1. Acquaintance of children with the principle of respect for the human dignity of all people without exception. 2. Understanding that it is required to respect the differences between people. 3. Understanding the principle of complementarity as the main feature of differences. Students must understand that differences act as complementary elements. 4. Understanding the principle of interdependence as the basis for joint action. Students should be taught to solve problems collaboratively and divide labor in completing assignments - this clearly shows how everyone wins when solving problems through cooperation. 5. And as a result, familiarization with the culture of the world.
Slide 8
Grade 1 me and my family
September - diagnostics of students (questionnaire for individual acquaintance with the pupil). October-grandmother's day (within the decade of the elderly) November---class hour "My family" December--- Festive concert "New Year's carousel", competition for the best toy Workshop of Santa Claus" January-class hour "Whom I want to be similar? February-competition "Strong, courageous, dexterous, skillful." (dads and boys) March - a holiday for mothers and girls "Dear and beloved" April - parent meeting together with students, a story about the professions of parents. May-game-marathon "Fun Train"
Slide 9
Grade 2 You, me, and we are with you.
September - student diagnostics Classroom hour“You and I, yes we are with you”, drawing up a declaration of the rights and obligations of students in grade 2. October – auction “Book of records of our class” November – debate “Is it easy to be a true friend?” December-reader's conference on the fairy tales of H.K. Andersen, New Year's masquerade ball "New Year's cocktail" January class hour "Me and my name" February --- holiday“Mom, dad, I am a sports family” March contest “Miss and Mister Class” April class hour “About friendship” May-KVN “Our class”
Slide 10
3rd grade Together is better
September - student diagnostics, class hour Culture of the world. Man among men." October - acquaintance with Russian national culture, folklore holiday"Russian gatherings" November - the history of the national costume (educational excursion to the local history museum), autumn games and competitions. December - how they meet New Year in different countries (journey game), New Year's celebration"Svyatki" January-class hour "We are the team of one ship" February-holiday "Shrovetide" March-reader's conference on fairy tales of the peoples of the world. April-class hour "Strive to do good" May-holiday "I, you, he, she is a friendly family together."
slide 11
Grade 4 Learning to negotiate
September - diagnostics of students. Class hour "On the rights and obligations of the child." Familiarization with the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the charter of the school. October-psychological game "Desert Island" November-psychological training "Learn to manage yourself" December-press conference (with the participation of parents) "Once in my class" January-- Class hour "Six steps of conflict resolution" February-meeting with the department inspector crime prevention. March-- Class hour "Learning to negotiate" April-- Class hour "Smile and laughter are pleasant for everyone" May-game program "Hour of communication"
slide 12
slide 13
Slide 14
slide 15
slide 16
Slide 17
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
Formation of a tolerant attitude towards children with disabilities The presentation was prepared by Sakaeva N.V. teacher - speech therapist qualification category Lobnya November 2015
2 slide
Description of the slide:
Purpose: Increasing the competence of teachers in the formation of a tolerant attitude of society towards children with disabilities.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
4 slide
Description of the slide:
What is inclusion? Inclusive education is a specially organized educational process that provides a child with disabilities with education among peers in educational institution according to standard programs, taking into account his special educational abilities. One of the main principles for the implementation and success of inclusive education is the maintenance of an atmosphere of acceptance, tolerance, and cooperation in the school, class where a special child is studying. Tolerance is expressed in the willingness to accept others as they are and to interact with them on the basis of consent.
5 slide
Description of the slide:
Tolerance is One of the meanings of this concept in the modern Russian language: a high spiritual quality, the ability of a person to perceive another person who has different/opposite values without internal aggression.
6 slide
Description of the slide:
Four levels of teacher tolerance for children with disabilities 1. High level- sustained positive attitude active position in relation to children with disabilities, expressed in high readiness, knowledge about disability and the essence of tolerance, skills and abilities of interaction with this category of children, lack of social distance. 2. Medium level - a predominantly positive attitude and an active position, expressed in sufficient professional readiness, knowledge about tolerance and disability, theory, methodology and practice of pedagogical interaction with children with disabilities. 3. Below average level - an unstable, inactive position in relation to pedagogical activities related to children with disabilities, expressed in poorly formed professional readiness, insufficient knowledge about tolerance and the characteristics of disability. 4. Low level - negative attitude towards children with disabilities, little knowledge about disability and tolerance for children with disabilities.
7 slide
Description of the slide:
The tasks of the class teacher in the class where the "special" student is studying Creation of the most favorable organizational conditions in educational and cognitive activities for the success of each student, including an inclusive child. Ensuring the participation of all children in a variety of extracurricular activities of the school team, which guarantees the versatility of development. Creating a situation of success for a child with special educational needs. Establishing interaction with the family of a child with health problems in order to take care of his maximum development. Pedagogical observation, diagnostics of upbringing of children and empathic acceptance of an inclusive child by his classmates, appropriate pedagogical correction of the tolerant attitude of each student.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
To form a tolerant attitude towards children with disabilities, it is necessary to rely on the following tasks: changing public opinion and inadequate social perceptions among students of general education schools, their parents and teachers in relation to children with disabilities; the formation of the foundations of empathic behavior both on the part of ordinary peers, their parents, and on the part of the family raising a disabled child, the disabled student himself; neutralization of dependent attitudes and behavior styles of disabled children and their families; increasing the level of professional competence of teachers of secondary schools in the field of technologies and methods of integrated education.
9 slide
Description of the slide:
Problems in general education schools who began to accept children with special needs. The teacher does not understand WHY the child behaves differently from everyone else. The teacher feels a sense of confusion, tries to act directively in relation to the student, this does not bring success. The teacher does not understand the specifics of developmental disorders of each individual child. Perception of the image of the child as "sick", perception of the child as unpredictable in his behavior. Lack of faith in his development and in the fact that his educational resources are increasing, his behavior will improve; fear that the child can do something bad at any second, distrust of the child. One of the ways successful development inclusion is an introduction to the educational process by a tutor for a student with special needs. A tutor is a specialist who organizes the conditions for the successful integration of a student with developmental disabilities into the educational and social environment of the school. But: Not all teachers are ready for the appearance of another specialist in their lessons. The teacher experiences increased emotional tension. The reluctance of parents of normally developing peers to educate their children along with children with disabilities.
10 slide
Description of the slide:
Advantages of inclusive education and cognitive development for both children with disabilities and children without such limitations: - benefits of a social nature: development of independence of all children through the provision of assistance; enrichment of the social (communicative and moral) experience of children; development of tolerance, patience, ability to show sympathy and humanity; - advantages of a psychological nature: the exclusion of the formation of a sense of superiority or the development of an inferiority complex; advantages of a medical nature: imitation of a “healthy” type of behavior as a behavioral norm of a particular society; - advantages of a pedagogical nature: consideration of the development of each child as a unique process (refusal to compare children with each other).
11 slide
Description of the slide:
Activities For parents: Increasing the pedagogical competence of parents on this issue, including all forms of work with parents (folders, folders, questions on parent meetings, round tables, master classes, etc.) For children: The use of fiction as a means of educating social and moral qualities; Playing out situations with a moral (moral) choice; Communicative, role-playing and other various kinds of games.
12 slide
Description of the slide:
Working with parents to explain the importance of educating children in a culture of communication; organize a joint discussion of these problems with students and parents, the personal example of adults instills in schoolchildren a sense of respect for other views (it is difficult to form tolerance in children if parents do not have this quality) lectures for parents, participation in parent meetings, individual and group consultations, training classes, distribution of memos, design of stands.
13 slide
Description of the slide:
Literature for reading with children 1. Grinko A. "Growing from a grasshopper"; 2. Sef R. "The Tale of the Round and Long Men"; 3. Rodari J. "The Dog That Couldn't Bark", "Tales with Three Ends"; 4. Abramtseva N.K. "Extraordinary Friends", "Confusion", "Windowsill Conversation"; 5. Andersen G.Kh. " ugly duck»; 6. Bianchi V.V. "Foundling"; 7. Kozlov S. "Not a word"; 8. Paustovsky K.G. "Cat is a thief"; 9. Raskin A. "How dad tamed the dog"; 10. Hogarth E. "Muffin and the Spider".
Formation of tolerance among schoolchildren
- Prepared by the technology teacher:
- Kuznetsov Ivan Andreevich
- MOU Gymnasium No. 5, Volgograd
- "Tolerance (from lat. tolerance- patience; tolerance for other people's way of life, behavior, customs, feelings, opinions, ideas, beliefs) is respect, acceptance and a correct understanding of the rich diversity of cultures of our world, our forms of self-expression and ways of manifestation of human individuality.
- It is generally recognized that humanity today lacks tolerance, or, more simply, mutually respectful attitude towards each other. Therefore, the development and implementation of principles, methods and forms that would contribute to the development of tolerance towards another person is of great importance today. This task can be successfully solved already at school.
- promote the widest possible dissemination of ideas and social models of tolerance, practical familiarization with the culture of tolerance of children of primary school age;
- to promote the formation of a personality with self-esteem and respect for people, able to build relationships in the process of interaction with students of different faiths, nationalities on the basis of cooperation and mutual understanding.
- Block 1 - emotional-volitional is associated with the education of tolerance in a student at an emotional level in the process of relationships with the surrounding reality, that is, outside of special classes - in the classroom, at a break, in the process of rest, play, work.
- On the lesson
- During break
- Reception "Relay". The teacher organizes activities in such a way that students from different groups interact.
- Reception "Mutual Aid". The teacher organizes activities in such a way that the success of the common cause depends on the help of a friend.
- Reception "Emphasis on the best." The teacher in a conversation with children tries to emphasize the best features of each. At the same time, its assessment should be objective and based on specific facts.
- Some of the actions of the teacher,
- aimed at fostering tolerance in students
- in the course of everyday communication:
- The 2nd block - diagnostic and research includes conducting personal observation, questioning and diagnosing the development of the child, helps to correct and plan further educational work in a timely manner to form a tolerant worldview. This block includes:
- observation
- questioning
- diagnosing
- 3rd block - socially significant This is an active block that involves the participation of children in social projects outside of school, in social and moral actions
- It should be noted that it is impossible to form tolerance in a child, like any other quality, if the parents are not allies of the teacher. In mastering the experience of tolerant behavior, the personal example of parents and relatives is of great importance. The problem of interethnic tolerance is common for parents and teachers. Often it is the parents who in everyday life sow the seeds of national enmity without even noticing it., not to mention a bad person, but "bad" Russian, Jew, Azerbaijani. In this regard, purposeful work must be carried out with the parents of students, explaining the importance of educating children in tolerant communication.
- Working with parents
- Getting to know the student's family
- Parent survey
- Discussing these issues with students and their parents
- Organization joint activities parents and children
- Conducting family competitions and holidays at school
- Working with parents
- As can be seen from the above, this program is aimed at the consistent introduction of the student into the social world, allows you to take into account the individual level of development of each child, his interests, contributes to successful socialization and enriches the experience of tolerant interaction.
slide 2
Relevance of the topic
Today, hostility, anger, aggressiveness are becoming more widespread in the children's, especially adolescent environment.
slide 3
The relevance of this topic is due to the problems of educating and educating children with impaired intelligence, the organization of their communication system.
slide 4
Analyzing the behavior of children with disabilities, we can draw the following conclusions:
- These children do not have enough initiative in communication.
- When communicating, they experience fear, embarrassment, which sometimes leads to a cessation of communication.
- Insufficient speech development /difficulties in constructing questions, requests, answers./
- Insufficient development of the ability to apply knowledge in practice.
- Difficulty in the analysis of the received information, its use.
slide 5
Team for a child with disabilities
Thus, in relation to the personality of a child with disabilities, the team is:
- means of spiritual enrichment;
- a factor in his moral and mental development, the upbringing of positive personal qualities;
- means activating, correcting his mental activity;
- an environment conducive to self-expression and self-affirmation of the individual.
slide 6
Corrective exercises
To improve the psychological climate and to relieve stress, you can offer some corrective exercises:
- Dance and song exercises - these exercises are effective tool general group cohesion, relieving tension, preventing fatigue. They help students master the means of communication through song and dance.
- Exercises for the development of sensitivity - they are designed to develop the skills of emotional empathy, support, giving "spiritual warmth", and also introduce participants to the tactile language of communication, which contributes to the development of interpersonal intimacy. ("Touch", "Handshake", "Talk with Hands")
- Exercises for intergroup interaction - in this approach, the group is perceived not as a set of the subject, but as a separate unique organism. Based on interpersonal relationships, it is possible to most successfully correct the cognitive sphere of children with disabilities.
Slide 7
Creating conditions for acquiring the experience of tolerant communication
- creating a comfortable psychological climate in the classroom;
- to promote students in self-knowledge and gaining experience in positive communication;
- to promote students in acquiring experience in joint activities.
Planned result: Acquisition of experience of tolerant communication.
Slide 8
Corrective exercises
Acquaintance. Self-expression. Tolerance for oneself and others.
- Chain: Working out ways of tolerant behavior. Rapprochement of group members.
- Tasks: Create conditions for self-disclosure and reflection of participants, demonstrate ways of tolerant communication; provide an opportunity for participants to realize their abilities for tolerant communication.
Game "Remember the name".
- Purpose: to get to know the participants, to create a friendly and relaxed atmosphere.
- In the group, each member introduces himself in an unconventional way.
Game "Name + adjective".
- A circle. Participants are invited to give their name, and then, for each letter of their name, say the quality that they like in people.
Game "Open me".
- Leading in the center of the circle, the rest with their backs to the circle. The leader touches the shoulder of any participant with his hand, calling his name. When guessing, the participant turns his face into a circle. It's open. Goal: open as many names as possible. (Repeat 3-4 times)
Slide 9
Game "Five kind words"
Participants are divided into subgroups of 5 people (randomly). Each one traces his hand on a piece of paper and writes a name on the palm of his hand. Then he passes the drawing to the neighbor on the right, and he himself receives the drawing from the neighbor on the left. In one of the “fingers” of the received alien drawing, everyone writes some attractive quality of its owner (for example, “you are kind”, “you are cheerful”, “you are witty”, etc.). The drawings go around. Thus, all "fingers" are filled. The facilitator collects drawings and reads out the qualities. All members of the group must guess the addressee. At the end of the exercise, sheets with palms are taken away as a memo "for a rainy day."
Slide 10
Corrective exercises
Cohesion of group members.
- Goal: Development of the ability to work together.
- Task: Optimization of interaction between group members.
Sculpture game.
- Group members form teams of 3-4 people. Task: create a sculpture. The exhibition of sculptures is evaluated within the group. The plot is guessed. Time - 5 minutes.
The game "In cramped, but not offended."
- In a circle. Team members sit on 4 chairs. Everything must fit. Then 3 chairs remain, then 2, but the whole team must fit.
Rock game.
- "Rock" - the participants stand in a line, holding tightly to each other. The last one standing in a row is a “climber”. He must walk along the edge of the abyss, without stepping over the line, holding on to the rock. The entrant "breaks" into the abyss and makes another attempt at the end of the line. And so each of the team walks along the edge of the abyss, holding on to the "rock".
slide 11
Turtle game.
- The teacher stands at one wall, the other participants are located along the opposite wall. At the signal of the teacher, the movement begins. The teacher says that you need to move very slowly, like a turtle, but the game will be successful if all participants simultaneously touch the opposite wall. However, it is impossible to stop, only after following all the instructions, the group will successfully overcome obstacles. This exercise can be repeated 2-3 times.
Game "Confusion".
- The driver turns away. Group members join hands and "get confused." The driver must unravel the ball.
slide 12
Final part
- To relaxing music, all children sit in a small circle. The teacher holds a massage ball in his hand and discusses with the children what helped them cope with all the tasks that they performed today, whether it was difficult to correlate their actions with the actions of others. Each child is given the right to speak, while the massage ball is in the hands of the child who answers, and then they are passed to the next.
- And in conclusion: In a world where the interpenetration of different cultures is on the rise, teaching the values and skills of "living together" has become a top priority. Therefore, it is necessary to educate our children to be open, treat other peoples, their history and culture with understanding, teach them the basics of human community...
slide 13
View all slides
