Moscow State University–2012: Scientific Library. Moscow State University–2012: Scientific Library Gorky Moscow State University Scientific Library

According to the materials of the official website of the scientific library of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov http://www.nbmgu.ru/

Scientific Library Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov was founded in 1755 simultaneously with the university. The first mention in the press of the library of the university: in the newspaper "Saint Petersburg Vedomosti" (No. 34 of April 28, 1755), an announcement was published by the publisher of the St. Petersburg magazine "Literary Chameleon" that this publication "can be obtained from the library of the Imperial University of Moscow ... »

The opening of the library for "lovers of science and hunters of reading" as the first public and free library took place in July 1756. On this occasion, Moskovskie Vedomosti reported: “The library of the Moscow Imperial University, consisting of a noble number of books in almost all European languages, for the pleasure of lovers of science and hunters for reading books, has to be opened tomorrow and henceforth every Wednesday and Saturday from two to five in the afternoon. Students had hours free from lectures to visit the library on Wednesdays and Saturdays, at the same time it was open to everyone. Until the opening of the library at the Rumyantsev Museum in 1861, it was the only public library in Moscow and was open to all who "loved reading."

Until 1791, the library was located in the house at the Resurrection Gate (on the site where the Historical Museum is now located). Initially, the library did not have its own premises, sometimes lectures were given within its walls. It also served as a museum of "all kinds of precious offerings and acquisitions" donated to the university; it also kept instruments and instruments of the physics office. In 1770 the library got own premises- two chambers in the house at the Resurrection Gate.

Since 1759, one copy of all the books available at the Printing House in Moscow was transferred to Moscow University.

In addition to the public university library, open to everyone, in 1759 the foundations were laid for the formation of an educational library at the university, when it was discovered that “one of the reasons that prevented the success of studies was the lack of textbooks that state-owned students were not able to acquire due to poverty, therefore the purchase of such textbooks proved absolutely necessary.”

Initially, the library staff consisted of a librarian, i.e. director (part-time, as a rule, appointed from ordinary professors of the university), sub-librarian (part-time, from masters) and kustos (book storage worker from among students).

The first "Oberlibrarian" is called the poet M.M. Kheraskov, who, at the direction of the curator of the university I.I. Shuvalov was entrusted with the "supervision" of the library and the management of the printing house of the university.

From 1757 to 1761 in the position of sub-librarian was D.V. Savich is a master of philosophy and liberal sciences, who compiled the first list (inventory) of the library's books.

In 1761, Assessor of the Office of the Moscow University A.A. Tails, a well-known writer and translator, who soon transferred these duties to I.G. Reichel, who shortly before this appointment received the title of Extraordinary Professor of History and Statistics. The post of librarian I.G. Reichel held from 1761 to 1778. In 1762 I.G. Reichel published at the university "A collection of the best works for the dissemination of knowledge and for the production of pleasure, or a mixed Library on various physical economic, also belonging to manufactories and commerce, things." For students who came to the library, I.G. Reichel taught a course in the history of literature. He continued to work on the design of a systematic catalog compiled by D.V. Savich, accepted books donated to the university, and transferred from the public library to the required educational literature. In particular, evidence has been preserved that, on behalf of the historiographer Miller, Reichel dismantled the library and manuscripts of the historian V.N. Tatishchev.

By decision of the University Conference in 1768, the issue of international book exchange of dissertations with foreign scientific institutions was raised.

HA. Chebotarev - a graduate of Moscow University, who from 1765 to 1775. was a Custos, from 1775 to 1778. - sub-librarian of the university library, from 1778 to 1815. as an ordinary professor in the department of Russian literature, he was appointed librarian, later - publisher of the Moskovskie Vedomosti newspaper, chairman of the newly formed Society of Russian History and Antiquities, the first honorary professor of the university, elected in 1803 as the first rector of the university. Under his leadership, bibliography is being actively introduced into Russian educational literature, including advisory (“prudent order of reading books”), for a more in-depth study of the sciences, subject indexes are being created. HA. Chebotarev proposed a scheme for systematizing subject bibliography on bibliographic lists authoritative scientific journals: 1) essays that provide the foundations for the science chosen for study; 2) Short story this discipline; 3) the works of the most prominent experts in this field, which was a new word in the use of bibliography as a methodological principle of teaching.

1786 - designed by the famous architect M.F. Kazakov, the construction of a new building of the university began, where in the right wing of the building on the 3rd floor the library was assigned an extensive assembly hall with a gallery, but the construction and decoration of the building was delayed due to lack of funds. In 1791, the library moved to the "Repninsky House" and outbuildings on Mokhovaya Street.

In 1793, the construction of a new building of the university on Mokhovaya Street was completed, where in the right wing of the building on the 3rd floor the library was allocated an extensive assembly hall with a gallery. The library would remain there until the fire of Moscow in 1812.

The university statute, approved on November 5, 1804, transferred Moscow University from the jurisdiction of the Senate to the jurisdiction of the established Ministry of Public Education. The charter for the first time determined a fixed staff amount for library needs - 1 thousand rubles, for magazines and newspapers - an additional 500 rubles. The acquisition of the library was carried out as follows: at the end of the year, the deans of the departments presented the list of necessary books to the University Council, and the Council, taking into account the available funds, made the final decision.

The charter provided for restrictions on the issuance of books to readers. Those books that censorship considered "seductive and harmful" were especially noted. On the title pages These publications were marked accordingly, they could only be used by professors and lecturers of the university. Only this category of readers could receive books at home against receipt.

In 1802, the miner P.G. Demidov donated a library to the university, which became the ancestor of the so-called "private libraries".

At the beginning of 1812, there were 20,465 volumes in the library, in addition, scientific societies and university institutions had their own book collections.

A fire in Moscow destroyed almost all the buildings of the university and almost all of its library, which was hidden in the basement of the Main building of the university, and the educational library was also lost. Only a small part of the books survived - 51 copies the rarest books and 12 ancient manuscripts sent at the end of August 1812 as part of a university convoy to Nizhny Novgorod.

After graduation Patriotic War 1812, the University Council decides to appeal to the public with an invitation to them "to donate books, or otherwise, for the speedy restoration" of the university library, about which on July 12, 1813 "Moskovskie Vedomosti" printed an appeal "To all lovers of domestic education." Over 5,000 books were collected during the year. Responded to the appeal to restore the library of Moscow University educational establishments countries and individual citizens.

In June 1814, the university library was housed in a room temporarily allotted to it in the renovated Anatomical Building, located in the courtyard of the Main Building of the University.

Back in 1781, a teacher was appointed sublibrarian (deputy director of the library). German language and classical antiquities I.A. Geim, later - tenured university professor, head of the department of history, statistics and geography Russian Empire, dean of the department of verbal sciences (1804-1807), rector of the university (1808-1819), who led the restoration of the university after the Patriotic War of 1812. From 1815 to the end of his life (1821) I.A. Game is the director of the library. His personal collection of books (about 2000 volumes) became the first major gift to Moscow University and the basis for the restoration of the library fund, where it is kept to this day.

Moscow University was rebuilt, painstaking work began on collecting and accumulating the book stocks of the library. After the re-evacuation of the university, at a meeting of the Temporary Commission, the issue of extracting various newspapers and magazines for the university was raised. The first acquisition for the library on May 17, 1813 was the geographical map "Theatre of War".

By 1815, 7,281 books were in the library's stock, most of which came after 1812 in the form of donations. During these years, two student libraries were created: one for students of the medical faculty, the other for the rest of the faculties of the university, which merged and received the name "Library of State Students".

Since 1826, visits to the library and classrooms are allowed on tickets obtained from the rector (from 8 am to 3 pm on all days except holidays). A separate student reading room opens.

Reiss Ferdinand Friedrich (Fyodor Fedorovich), doctor of medicine and surgery, professor, academician of the Medico-Surgical Academy, served at the university from 1804, from 1822 to 1832. was the director of the library. A reformer of library theory and practice, he developed a system for classifying and organizing the system of catalogs and arrangement of the collection in the library.

Through the efforts of F.F. The Reiss library was restored after the fire of 1812 at a higher technical level and opened to the public in the autumn of 1823 two days a week. Activities of F.F. Reissa played essential role in the acquisition, completion and organization of the library fund, the creation of alphabetical and systematic catalogs, where the Russian, Greek and Latin alphabets were combined in one catalog. Reiss put forward the idea of ​​creating a unified catalog of scientific libraries in Moscow and St. Petersburg for the use of their funds through interlibrary loans; he intended to expand the catalog system by creating smaller catalogs (dissertations, curricula, geographical maps, doublet fund, continuing and periodicals and etc.).

Since 1823, at the initiative of Reiss, work began on compiling catalogs: alphabetical, "arranged by the names of the authors," and systematic - "by the matters contained in them." The catalogs consisted of individual cards sized 20x16. Index cards were collected in packs (according to Reiss - "volumes") of 500 pieces and stored in a horizontal position, they were worked on, turning over like a notebook. Reiss fully opened the funds in alphabetical and systematic catalogs, where a separate card was entered for each book, he himself edited and systematized all the cards (about 20,000 titles). At the same time, the first attempt was made to make printed cards on the basis of the printing house of Moscow University, a total of 500 cards were made, but then, due to lack of funds, their publication was discontinued.

In 1824, the “Regulations on Reading Books in the University Library” were drawn up, which provided rules for the use of literature for professors, teachers, university students, as well as “outside” readers, introduced new order filling out sheets of requirements and accounting for issued literature, issuing home reference and rare publications is limited. In accordance with the proposed F.F. Reiss in 1826, for the convenience of working with the fund, the system "Locations of the library of the Imperial Moscow University" began to encrypt books: the cipher was indicated on the cover of the book and on the index card. Reiss reequipped the library premises - book depositories, classrooms and reading rooms, in 1829 two student libraries were merged into one and received the name "Library of State Students".

In 1831-1836, the “Catalogue of books in the library of the Imperial Moscow University, compiled by F.F. Reiss, published by the works of I.B. Petrosilius". For 11 years of work F.F. Reiss succeeded in making the library exemplary among European libraries, and the fund classification scheme and the system of book card catalogs developed by him, the technology of replicating printed catalog cards, later became widespread in Russian library practice. Principles of F.F. Reiss on the organization of funds and are now used in the library of Moscow University.

In 1832-1836. The director of the library was S. M. Ivashkovsky, an ordinary professor of the Greek language and antiquities, who, in addition to teaching, compiled and published dictionaries and manuals. During the years of his work as the director of the library, a system of reporting, accounting and movement of books, periodicals, manuscripts, maps was established. For the first time, a record of books given out at home was established, and a uniform annual report was introduced on the issuance of literature by categories of readers - professors, students, outsiders. According to the new University Charter of 1835, the library was supposed to have a librarian and two assistants, the annual staffing amount for the purchase of literature was 10,000 rubles. The new Charter provided for the right to "freely and duty-free issue from abroad any kind of study guides”, and manuscripts and periodicals received from abroad were not subject to review by censorship committees.

From 1836 to 1841 titular adviser E.F. Korsh, under which the acquisition of periodicals was significantly expanded, of which most were foreign publications. Under him, publications that were not in the library, as well as libraries of domestic and foreign scientists and cultural figures were actively acquired, a doublet fund was organized, which later became a reserve for the acquisition of public and educational libraries Russia and the Balkan countries. At this time, new rules for the receipt and use of periodicals were introduced: now they entered the library as they were released, and not at the end of the year and the beginning of the next, as before, and new issues of journals were not subject to issue to professors at home within a month.

During the years of managing the library, A.V. Richter (from 1841 to 1850) increased the staff of the library by two assistant librarians, the reading room was expanded and opened to readers five days a week instead of three, an inventory of the fund was started, and the acquisition of private collections and collections, book rarities became more active. In 1842, on the initiative of the astronomer D.M. Perevoshchikov, a library was organized at the astronomy class; under the guidance of Professor of Chemistry R.G. Gaiman formed a library at the chemical laboratory.

1832-1848 - the book collections of the Turgenev family, O.M. Bodyansky - professor at Moscow University, philologist. E.F. Muravyova - the mother of the Decembrist N.M. Muravyova and the widow of the former curator of the university M.N. Muravyova donated to the university a book collection of rare editions (about 4,000 volumes). At the request of the donor, this collection is still kept as a single book collection. Professor G.I. Fischer von Waldheim handed over unique early printed books of the 15th century, Professor V.M. Richter - a collection of books on medicine (about 1400 volumes). After the merger of the Moscow branch of the academy with the medical faculty of the university, the funds of the Medico-Surgical Academy were transferred to the library.

In 1848, the university library had 50,702 works in 80,372 volumes, 927 periodicals in 3,082 volumes, 75 manuscripts in 76 volumes, 181 maps, and 3 lithographic views. The library already occupied 10 rooms - almost the entire second floor of the wing of the Main Building, overlooking Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street, where there was a reading room, catalogs, a table with periodicals, and some rarities, early printed books and manuscripts were also exhibited.

In 1850, the candidate of legal sciences S.P. was appointed director of the library. Poludensky, graduate of Moscow University, friend of T.N. Granovsky and A.I. Herzen. The library already occupied 10 rooms - almost the entire second floor of the wing of the Main Building, overlooking Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street, where there was a reading room, catalogs, a table with periodicals, and some rarities, early printed books and manuscripts were also exhibited.

1851 - new rules for using the library were introduced in the library, where it was strictly forbidden to allow readers into the internal halls and storages, open access to books and catalogs was eliminated, since the audit revealed large losses from the fund. The procedure for using the library funds was limited in the number of books issued to one person (for professors - no more than 30 books), the deadlines for returning literature were set (no more than 3 months), fines were introduced for late return of books or loss, access of outsiders to the library was limited up to one day a week.

Under the leadership of S.P. Poludensky, work began on collecting publications issued before the fire of 1812. As a result of this work, the main book fund of the library has increased significantly, the lending of books has more than doubled. With the growth of the fund, the library needed new premises, as reported by the rector of the university A.A. Alfonsky Trustee of the University.

In 1855 - 1857. the library was replenished with collections: rare Russian editions of the 18th century, among which were the annual sets of "Moskovskie Vedomosti", books printed in the printing house of the university. Professor I.M. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Moscow University, Snegirev handed over 7 volumes of the collection of professors' speeches and the rarest "reasonings", printed catalogs of lectures relating to the first years of the university's activity, 15 volumes of handwritten protocols of the Moscow University Conference for the first years of its existence. These priceless documents by I.M. Snegirev rescued when leaving Moscow in 1812. The library received the book collection of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, General A.P. Yermolov, consisting of perfectly selected books (8058 volumes) on history, geography, military affairs, ethnography and other sciences, from fiction in Russian and foreign languages. According to the will of Professor P.I. Strakhov, his library (books on agriculture, technology, medicine, gardening) entered the university.

Since 1858, the library was headed by D.I. Steinberg, who worked first as a clerk, then as an assistant librarian. He paid great attention to the acquisition of funds, their rational placement, and the creation of a reference department in the library. During these years, work was intensified to create libraries at the departments, from which faculty libraries subsequently grew. DI. Steinberg energetically spoke out against censorship restrictions on the library, when book parcels from abroad were forwarded from customs to the St. Petersburg Censorship Committee, where they were detained for for a long time, and then came with cut pages and erasures. The magazines Sovremennik and Otechestvennye Zapiski were withdrawn from the fund, sealed in special boxes, "... so that no one was allowed to use them."

1861 - at the suggestion of the trustee of the university, General N.V. Isakov, the issue of merging the university library with the public library of the Rumyantsev Museum in order to create a large public library was widely discussed. This was unanimously opposed by the scientists of the university, who insisted that the university should maintain the scientific level of the acquisition of the library fund for the maximum complete satisfaction inquiries of students and university professors.

June 18, 1863 was approved new charter Russian universities, according to which the library of Moscow University became known as the fundamental library. The university charter determined the annual amount of 6,000 rubles for the purchase of literature. According to the charter, the university library provided for receiving foreign scientific literature without consideration by censors, but in practice this provision of the charter was not implemented. In 1863, the library of state students was renamed the student library, and special funds were allocated for its acquisition.

From 1866 to 1879 the library was headed by a university graduate Slavist P.A. Bessonov. Over the years of his work in the library, library rules for serving readers have been improved, work is underway to improve the professional skills of librarians in working with readers, and mandatory bibliographic classes with students are being introduced. Careful work with refusals for publications missing from the fund has intensified book exchange with foreign scientific institutions and publishing houses. The growth of the fund and the closeness of the premises led to the fact that the fund, which is in demand in the first place, was allocated for storage. Books from this fund were placed in the first rows of bookshelves, the rest rose to the top or stacked, which made it very difficult to find them. Such a situation with the arrangement of books required from librarians a thorough knowledge of the fund, in addition, students were poorly oriented in the rules of the library, in catalogs, bibliographic sources, so at that time the question arose of improving the work of librarians with readers, the allocation of a reference library. This library collected "the most important and best bibliographic aids, catalogs, information about writers and years of publication of works, best stories literature, also dictionaries different languages etc.”, which was the beginning of the creation of a reference and bibliographic department in the library.

1871 - by decision of the University Council, the Library Commission was created, which included two representatives from each faculty, it was called upon to control the work of the library and serve as a link between the leadership of the university and the library. For the 70s. Four Library Commissions were appointed. The commissions developed "Rules for the use of newspapers and magazines subscribed for the university", "Instructions for the storage of periodicals: magazines and newspapers", "Rules for professors to subscribe books to the university library" and other documents. Members of the Library Commission compiled lists of books registered with scientists who, for one reason or another, left the service at the university, i.e. remained "debtors" of the library. At the same time, a list of institutions was approved to which Moscow University should send dissertations submitted for defense. The commission ensured that the dissertators presented, in addition to those due to the members of the Council, two more copies of dissertations for the university library.

During these years, a reading room for periodicals was opened, and the distribution of new newspapers and magazines to professors at home was stopped. After 6 months (for general magazines) and 10 months (for special magazines), periodicals were transferred to the main book depository of the library.

In 1878, a library was created at the Faculty of Law of the University.

From 1879 to 1890 the head of the library was V.A. Chaev, a graduate of the Faculty of Law of Kazan University, a well-educated specialist in the field of librarianship, who worked in the university library first as a secretary, since 1870 as an assistant librarian. He was the first to put library management on a scientific basis, carried out a number of innovations, in particular: expanded book storage, introduced the format-topographic principle of arrangement, reorganized the alphabetical card catalog, highlighting separate catalogs - Russian, Latin and Greek, introduced "demanding leaflets" when ordering books to speed up customer service.

In 1881, a library was created at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics for the Mathematical Department of Moscow University. During these years, separate inventory books were established for large book donations, which made it possible to take into account and process book collections in parallel with the main receipts to the library fund.

V.A. Chaev was the initiator of the cataloging of all individual libraries and books not included in the general catalogs. At the end of 1880, V.A. Chaev presented to the university leadership the "Draft Rules for the Acquisition, Registration and Cataloging of Books, Periodicals and Their Use", which formed the basis of the new "Rules for the Library of Moscow University", approved after his death in 1890.

V.A. Chaev paid great attention to the search for library personnel, in letters to acquaintances he wrote that he needed assistants who would have sufficient education, know foreign languages ​​and “in particular, would not be burdened by the painstaking, sometimes completely mechanical work of returning books to binding, their acceptance and arrangement, writing and rewriting index cards ... "

1864-1900 - the library received: the book collection of S.D. Poltoratsky, a well-known bibliophile; library of professor K.Ya. Mlodzievsky, consisting of 612 titles in 1055 volumes of the latest publications on medicine; former professor of Moscow University A.E. Evenius donated his collection of medical books in 1013 volumes. The book collections of N.G. Frolov - popularizer of geographical knowledge in Russia, Ya. Petrov - professor of oriental studies, linguist-polyglot, S.M. Solovyov - rector of Moscow University, professor, famous historian, H.V. Melgraf - collegiate assessor, A.Yu. Davidov - Professor of Mathematics, V.S. Pecherin - professors of the Greek language and antiquities, A.N. Sollogub - a graduate of Moscow University, I.I. Yanzhul - academician, economist, F.I. Buslaev - academician, philologist and many others. others

Professor A.G. Stoletov organized in the physical laboratory a reference library of abstract journals; libraries are opened at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics for the Mathematical Department of Moscow University, at the Historical-Philological and Medical Faculties.

In 1884 the library established a regular international book exchange.

In 1886 the student library was liquidated. Its funds were distributed among departmental libraries, and in 1890 a library was created for the natural department of Moscow University.

In 1890, A.A. was elected to the position of librarian. Tolstopyatov is a graduate of the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, who devoted himself to teaching, a student and friend of T.N. Granovsky, professor of mineralogy, author of the translation of the extensive work of M. Mori "Physical Geography of the Sea" (1861). He continued the reorganization of the university library: he developed and put into practice a method of quick service to readers, for which frequently requested publications were placed in a room next to the reading room, and publications that had not been requested for a long time, in remote rooms of the library.

90s of the XIX century - at the university, in addition to the Fundamental Library and student libraries at the faculties, there are more than 40 libraries at offices, laboratories, clinics. The library was in dire need of expanding book storage and reading rooms, and the university faced the task of building a library building.

In 1891, the rector of the university, G.A. Ivanov instructed the librarian A.A. Tolstopyatov and architect K.M. Bykovsky to design a building for the university library. For the construction of the library, the University Board had a capital of 121,750 rubles in interest-bearing papers, which was made up of donations from M.I. Muravyov-Apostol, F.I. Ushakova and M.I. Pavlova. To study the organization of librarianship and organization of university libraries in Europe, A.A. Tolstopyatov was sent to Germany, where for 2 months he studied the latest advances in technology used in new library buildings, upon arrival in Moscow, he handed over the collected materials to the rector of the university.

The board instructed the deans of the faculties to carry out work on "elaborating proposals for the construction of a library building" and appoint a special commission. In May, architect K.M. Bykovsky presented the first sketch of the building project. In the project of the new library building A.A. Tolstopyatov proposed - following the example of the library of the British Museum and some German libraries - to place on the walls of the reading room a reference auxiliary library of 20 thousand volumes with open access, it was also proposed to print a catalog of this fund and sell it to everyone. In the future, the architect K.M. Bykovsky designed the reading rooms on the proposals of a commission of university professors.

1894 - The commission for the design of the new library building approved the final design of the building and explanatory note to him.

In 1896-1908. the librarian of the university library was D.D. Yazykov - a graduate of Moscow University, literary critic, bibliographer. The period of his management of the library coincided with the construction of a new building, its equipment and the relocation of funds.

In 1897, a Commission was created to transfer the Fundamental Library from the old to the new building, it included representatives of all faculties, the librarian and his assistants, including Professor N.I. Storozhenko (chairman of the commission), B.K. Mlodzeevsky, L.A. Komarovsky, I.F. Ognev.

In the same year, the foundation stone of the Fundamental Library building took place on Mokhovaya Street to the left of the Main Building of the University. A bronze plaque was immured into the thickness of the foundation wall with the text that the library building was being built with funds donated by M.I. Muravyov-Apostol, F.I. Ushakova and M.I. Pavlova, designed by architect K.M. Bykovsky and under the supervision of the architect Z.I. Ivanova.

In August 1901, the move to the new library building began. Per a short time 300 thousand volumes were moved to the new building, 8000 cards were written for the alphabetical and systematic catalogs.

In 1902, a large reading room for students was opened in the Fundamental Library. The library receives gifts: the book collection of G.A. Ivanova - professor of classical philology, P.E. Kudryavtsev - professor of world history, V.F. Luginin - a chemist, the book collection of the Dmitriev family, consisting of 11.5 thousand volumes, N.F. Filatov - professor, an outstanding pediatrician, the Kharuzin family - who taught at Moscow University, V.M. Ostroglazov - Doctor of Medicine, a well-known bibliophile, a graduate of Moscow University, V.A. Goltsev - writer-publicist, master of police law, who taught for some time at Moscow University, S.A. Usov - zoologist, T.N. Granovsky - Professor of World History at Moscow University, etc.

From 1908 to 1925 A.I. was appointed director of the library. Kalishevsky is a graduate of the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, a literary critic, teacher, library theorist. Over the years, work has been going on to increase the role of the library in the university system and achieve a more independent position. The need to expand the powers of the university library was proclaimed by A.I. Kalishevsky - at the I All-Russian Congress on Library Science (1911), and after the revolution - at the meeting of the I Library Session of the People's Commissariat of Education (1919), at the Congress of Academic Libraries (1919).

How new leader libraries A.I. Kalishevsky came up with a library reorganization program, the implementation of which was associated with the elimination of construction flaws in the new building, the cataloging of book collections, the creation of an independent reference and bibliographic department, editing the alphabetical catalog, and improving the rules for using the library.

In 1909, a reference and bibliographic department was opened, in 1913 - a professorial journal room, where new journals were received for viewing for two weeks, and after that they were sent for scientific processing and for issuance.

In 1914, the library of the student reading room was opened with an auxiliary fund of teaching aids in 2.5 thousand volumes, alphabetical and systematic catalogs, a transition was made to the catalog card format international standard, the alphabetical catalog has been corrected, part of the fund has been reflected in the subject catalog, the acquisition of periodicals has significantly improved.

1914-1918 - during the war years, the usual rhythm of the library's work was disrupted, which did not allow A.I. Kalishevsky to carry out the planned transformations. Acquisition foreign literature it was very insignificant. New domestic receipts now came mainly from private donations and small purchases.

By 1917, the library found itself in a difficult position: the accumulated "blockages" of books that had not been processed, unverified cards and catalogs of the old model, the separation of seminary and office libraries from the fundamental one, and the lack of staff positions for librarians. The events of the 1917 revolution made the work of the library even more difficult; the walls and library storage were damaged by street shooting. In the report on the work of the library for 1917 there is an entry: “During these days (we are talking about the October battles), the library was closed. At the end of November, due to the lack of heating for several days, it was open only two hours a day.

During the years of the civil war, when hunger and devastation reigned in the country, the library continued to work in unheated rooms, the library workers did not have the necessary clothes, they were starving. The number of library staff has decreased to 14 - 18 units less than the required number.

For 1916-1918. the library received in the form of gifts the book collections of D.N. Anuchin - academician, anthropologist, ethnographer, geographer, M.M. Kovalevsky - a lawyer, historian, sociologist, professor of state law at Moscow and then at St. Petersburg Universities, a well-known political figure. In 1917, from the curator of the herbarium D.P. Syreyshchikov received a collection in which there were about 6000 volumes on botany, floristry, unique publications of the Academy of the 18th - early 19th centuries, scientific works of the classics of Russian and foreign literature, in 1918 the book collection of E.G. Brown, teacher of Italian at Moscow University.

At the end of the 1910s, there were five educational and auxiliary seminary libraries at Moscow University: the philological department, the physical and mathematical, social sciences, the medical department and the workers' faculty. In addition, there was an extensive network of libraries of clinics, institutes and offices (about 62, accurate records were not carried out). In this regard, the question of creating a unified university library became acute.

An important step in the unification of disparate university libraries was the adoption of the Charter of Academic Libraries, which was announced at the Congress of Academic Libraries in November 1919, and was officially put into effect only in 1927. The Charter provided for the strengthening of ties between auxiliary libraries (seminar libraries, classrooms, etc.). .) and the Fundamental Library. Seminar libraries that existed at the departments of the university and served the needs of students were declared branches of the Fundamental Library and had to be guided by its instructions in their work. Libraries of scientific offices, clinics, research institutes were called upon to serve the scientific needs of these institutions and continued to remain under their jurisdiction. The principle paragraph noted that all publications available in all libraries should be reflected in a consolidated catalog with an indication of their location. There was a book bureau that distributed books between seminary and faculty libraries, and also determined which

Scientific Library of Moscow University named after M.V. Lomonosov is one of the oldest scientific libraries in Russia. The library is a division of Moscow State University. It was founded in 1755 and for over 100 years served as the only public library in Moscow. The library funds were replenished by personal collections of professors and students of the university. This tradition has been preserved in our time.

To date, the library serves more than 67 thousand regular readers, of which 60 thousand are employees and students of Moscow State University. Library Faculty of Law located on the first floor of the Second academic building. In September, according to the schedule, students of each course receive textbooks and manuals necessary for studying in the subscription of the library's educational literature. During the year, the opportunity to use a subscription of scientific literature and reading rooms is provided.

In addition, a reading room for the Faculty of Law has been organized on the eighth floor of the First Educational Building of the Faculty of Humanities, which contains the most frequently requested textbooks, teaching aids, workshops, as well as all the necessary periodicals.

In the subscription sector of scientific and fiction literature of the First academic building of the faculties of the humanities, students of the Faculty of Law can receive fiction.

The library card issued to you is a pass to all, without exception, the reading rooms of the Scientific Library of Moscow State University, so those who wish to broaden their horizons in a field far from jurisprudence may well do this in their free time from study.

At the beginning of the 1st year, special classes are necessarily held for all students in order to teach them the first skills of communicating with the Temple of Books, the rules for using the structure of funds, reference books on law, catalogs, including electronic ones. However, far from all heads this information enters firmly and forever. As a result, everything is learned by experience with the expenditure of precious time. We bring to your attention a brief practical advice on efficient use library resources.

1. So, first of all, it is necessary get enough reading requirements(note, sufficient, not redundant, think of your colleagues). In addition, you will need a checklist, which can usually be found next to the reading requirements, usually at the entrance to the reading rooms. Theoretically, you should fill in all the columns of the requirement, but usually it is enough to enter the library card number and surname.

2. The next step is search for the necessary literature. The library has catalogs separately for books and periodicals, both in Russian and in foreign languages. There are two types of catalogs - alphabetical and systematic. If you know exactly the name of the author of the book or the title of the work itself, use the alphabetical catalog. For term papers, you may have to resort to a systematic catalog. In it, books are arranged by branches of knowledge in accordance with a certain classification system. The principle of the arrangement of materials is from the general to the particular. For students of the Faculty of Law, the main sections 7G-7GT (legal sciences). It will take more time, however, the discovered book will never be redundant in the list of references for a term paper or essay.

3. After you have found the necessary literature, proceed to registration of requirements. The main fields to fill in are the faculty, the library card number, the student's last name, the author's last name, the title of the book, the year of publication and, most importantly, the cipher. The cipher is located in the upper left corner of the catalog card and consists of two lines. The first line is the section the book is in. The second line indicates the author's sign, by which the book is located within the section. To request periodicals, you must indicate the full name of the journal, as well as the year and number you need. Don't forget to include the code, as this is the main tool for finding a book among all library resources! Some of the publications are stored in a room separate from the reading rooms (in the Second Educational Building - this is the first level below the hall itself), which means that the delivery of the book will take from 40 minutes to 1 hour after registration and submission of the demand.

4. The number of books handed out - 5 copies, magazines - 12. Please note that the issuance of books and periodicals is carried out separately from each other only if you have a library card (you cannot, for example, having received books and a checklist, still add to him magazines).

However, due to the fact that not all the materials for which you filled out the requirements will be able to be obtained in the reading room (they may already be issued to another reader), it makes sense to submit 6 or 7 requirements at once - there is a high probability that the books received will be no more than 5.

5. Periodicals. There is a separate file cabinet for periodicals. It lists in alphabetical order all the periodicals available to the library, as well as a list of numbers.

Tip for those who are looking for a specific article, or don't know exactly what number they are looking for: The last issue of a journal usually contains a list of articles for the year in alphabetical order - this saves you from looking through the indexes of all publications in search of a suitable article. But the greatest success is if the reading room has copies of these lists bound into one folder for all the years of the journal's publication (usually since 1990). Unfortunately, such lists are not available for all journals.

6. After receiving the books, you must fill in the forms for each of them and return them together with a library card. In exchange, you will be given a checklist indicating the number of books you have borrowed. After all the knowledge from the borrowed books has flowed into your head or into a notebook of your choice, it is enough to present the checklist and all books to the librarian safe and sound, get a mark about the cancellation of the checklist and your library card.

7. Sector of information and bibliographic work. When working on a term paper, essay or diploma, one way or another, you will encounter the need to select literature on a given topic. This can be done most qualitatively in the sector of information and bibliographic work (1st floor, hall No. 15). In this sector of the IDB, various dictionaries, reference books, encyclopedias, bibliographic publications and card indexes are presented, which will help you find literature on a specific topic. If you have any difficulties, feel free to contact the bibliographer: there are usually few visitors here, so they will listen to you carefully and help you.

8. Europe at Moscow State University. In the reading room of the Second Educational Building on the second floor there is also a "Center for European Documentation". However, his visit must be specially agreed in the auditorium. 541 on the fifth floor of the Second building or by phone at the hours indicated in the announcement.

Here you will find hundreds of books, brochures, collections on various aspects of the activities of the European Union, decisions of the European Court of Justice, as well as EU legal acts in in electronic format(on CDs). The bulk of the literature on French, the rest is in English, there are also German editions and some others.

9. There is a copy machine in the reading room of the Second Educational Building, however, the rules of this reading room require that an order be placed indicating the pages and information about the publication. This service is provided at strictly defined hours. If you did not arrive on time, but the material is needed, then by agreement with the library staff, you can get a book to take away, with the exception of literature issued from the book depository. The control sheet is stamped and you can use the copy machine outside the reading rooms.

Subscription

1. Subscription of educational literature provides students with textbooks and teaching aids for a period, as a rule, for one academic year. We advise you to turn in all the literature received at the beginning of the year on time (namely, before July 1) in order to avoid problems with obtaining textbooks and manuals for the next academic year. The rules of the library are strict and your library card cannot be re-registered without the “turned in” mark, which means that you will lose the right to use the library (including receiving textbooks).

2. Subscription of scientific literature provides scientific literature to students, subject to the proper registration of the requirement and the availability of this publication in the amount of more than one copy. The term is 15 days (for magazines) or 2 months (for books).

3. Weekend subscription. If the reading room is already close to closing, and there is a lot of unfinished material left, it is possible to take the book home, after making a deposit and payment (if there is more than one copy of this publication). The tariff is set by the library and on this moment is 50 rubles. per day and 100 rubles. collateral, which will be returned to you upon timely delivery of the book and presentation of the receipt.

In the Intellectual Center - the Fundamental Library (Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 27) there are reading rooms for the humanities, which can be used by students, teachers and students of the Faculty of Law.

Information about the Scientific Library of Moscow State University, its collections, structural divisions, terms of use, working hours and much more, see the library website (www.nbmgu.ru).

In addition, students of the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University can work in computer class located on the eighth floor (room 843), which provides free access to Russian legal bases data, access to the Internet, as well as work with word and spreadsheet processors. Maximum duration session - 1 hour 30 minutes.

Electronic Library of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University.

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