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Sevastopol National Technical University

Aspects of development of innovative activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea

Krikunova A.A., student;

Ablaev R.R., assistant

Formulation of the problem. World economy The 21st century is characterized by the term "global knowledge economy" or "innovative economy", the main factors in the formation and development of which are knowledge and human capital.

In modern economic conditions characterized by increased globalization and intensification of regionalization processes, increasing the competitiveness of national economic systems and regions becomes a priority for economic development and is determined by the effectiveness of scientific, technical and innovative activities. In the context of the transition of the Ukrainian economy to an innovative path of development, the problem of the formation and implementation of a regional innovation policy is being updated.

In the domestic economic literature the problems of formation of national and regional innovation systems are devoted to the works of such scientists as: Z.O. Adamanova, L.L. Antonyuk, N.V. Apatova, V.S. Savchuk, N.Ya. Petrakov, SV. Kortov, N. Beketova, V. Podkolzina, A. Shabarova, L. Shakhovskaya.

The purpose of the article is to consider the main aspects of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the development of measures to improve the management system of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Research results. World experience shows that industrialized countries have made their breakthrough to the world market, primarily through the development of innovation and the mobilization of intellectual resources. In the conditions of global economic competition, the leading positions are occupied by states that provide the most favorable conditions for innovation and apply the most effective methods management of innovative processes. The success of innovation activity is determined, first of all, by the effectiveness of the implementation of the state innovation policy.

The formation of an innovative model for the development of the region takes place under the influence of global and national trends, taking into account regional innovation priorities that do not contradict the state and correspond to the characteristics of production, resource, human and scientific potential. In this regard, the innovation system of the region can be considered as a subsystem of the innovation sector of the country and the socio-economic sphere of the region. Therefore, the creation of an innovation system involves the formation of a complex of scientific, technical, technological, socio-economic, legal conditions for the sustainable development of the economy, improving the living standards of the population based on the transformation of the regional economy and creating competitive products. Based on this, the main objectives of the region's innovation policy are:

permanent increase of competitive advantages,

activation of innovative processes,

increasing the level of development of innovative potential,

creating a favorable investment climate,

increase in innovative activity.

The development of the region based on innovation is the most important factor in its competitiveness. In general terms, the innovation process can be represented as a mechanism for increasing innovation activity, including the presence of an effective regional innovation system, to realize the existing innovation potential in the current conditions, in order to create popular innovative products, their further successful commercialization and, as a result, increase the competitiveness of the region.

The development of a strategy for regional innovation policy should, first of all, correspond to the priorities of the socio-economic development of the region as a whole. The main directions of the strategy of socio-economic development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2011-2020. are :

2) the formation of the agricultural sector of the XXI century, which involves the development of high-quality agricultural production based on modern science-intensive and environmentally friendly technologies;

3) modernization of the sectoral structure of industry, which involves the creation of a competitive industry based on the use of advanced achievements of science and technology in production activities;

4) development of transport potential, including increasing the level, quality and diversification of transport communications;

5) creation of conditions for raising the standard of living of the population.

The innovative development of the economy of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, taking into account the main directions of socio-economic development, involves:

strengthening the innovative orientation of the economy, increasing the volume of production of competitive products, resort and reaction services and the development of the social sphere;

ecologization of production, balanced use and restoration of recreational and other natural resources;

accelerating the development of priority sectors of the economy that provide the population and the recreational and tourist complex with high-quality food, goods and services, expanding their export opportunities.

The basis for the development of innovation policy at the regional level is a comprehensive study of the existing innovation potential, its dynamics, and the results of implementation. The level of development of innovative potential reflects the effectiveness of innovative activity, determines the priority areas for the development of the region's economy (Table 1).

Table 1 - Indicators of innovation activity of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the period 2005-2010 .

Indicators
Number of innovatively active enterprises, units
The volume of sold innovative products, mln.
Costs for innovation activities, mln. UAH
The volume of costs for research and development in industry, mln. UAH
Share of sold innovative products in industrial volume, %
share industrial enterprises implementing innovations, %
Number of completed scientific and technical work, units
The share of innovatively active enterprises of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the total volume of enterprises in Ukraine, %

Describing the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, it should be noted that prior to the crisis in 2008, there was a positive trend in innovation development, but in terms of performance, in comparison with the leading regions of Ukraine, Crimea lags far behind. In recent years, the region's economy continues to slowly increase the lost indicators of innovative development, however, taking into account the fact that the depreciation of fixed assets in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea increases every year and the outdated material and technical base continues to be used, while reducing production efficiency, it is necessary to immediately intensify the process innovation activities, through the implementation of an effective state innovation policy.

The most important indicator of the innovativeness of the economy is the innovative activity of enterprises, among the factors that hinder innovative processes in enterprises, there are such as:

insufficiency of own funds (44.5%),

high monetary value of innovation costs (34.8%),

presence of more competitive organizations (20.3%),

lack of public funding (19.4%),

failure external funding(16.3%) and others (Table 2).

Table 2 - Distribution of factors hindering innovation processes in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

	Number of cases in % of their total number, when the enterprise indicated the proposed factor
Lack of funds within an organization or group
Innovation costs are too high
The market is dominated by well-equipped organizations
Insufficient public funding
Insufficient funding from sources outside the organization
Difficult to find cooperation partners
No need, as there is no demand for innovation
Not enough qualified personnel
There is no accurate information about the demand for innovative goods (services)
Not enough market information
Not enough information about technologies
No need as recent innovations have been introduced

Consequently, for autonomy enterprises, the most significant deterrent innovation process is the lack of funding, and all sources: own, state and other borrowed funds.

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea has a significant scientific, technical and innovative potential for the development of innovative activities, however, due to the accumulated unresolved problems, in particular, the growing gap between science and production; the protracted transformation of the administrative-command management of the economy into a market economy system; lack of benefits and preferences, as well as favorable conditions for financing innovation activities; lack of a consistent and systematic nature of the innovation management in the region, the innovative development of the region becomes extremely difficult.

Taking into account regional innovation priorities, analysis of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and consideration of existing problems in the development of innovation activity in the region, the following activities are necessary for the intensification and effectiveness of innovation activity:

formation of a regional system of innovation activity management;

formation of an effective innovation and investment strategy for the development of recreational and tourist complex- as a basic branch of the region's economy;

the formation of clusters of "innovative activity" - how effective tool activation of innovative activity.

In the current economic conditions of the development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, one of the main strategic priorities is the formation of a regional innovation system with a developed infrastructure and an effective regulatory mechanism. Efficient Management innovation process is necessary for the implementation of the following activities:

scientific research coordination,

stimulation of innovative activity,

improvement of the legislative framework,

target financing,

regulation of international cooperation, etc.

Improvement of the innovation management system should be based on the creation of systems of relevant bodies for managing innovation processes in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The main elements of which, in our opinion, can be:

regional innovation fund - the leading body for the intensification of innovation activity in the region;

regional venture fund supporting innovative business;

regional center for innovative development;

center for engineering and technology transfer;

council of scientific and technical activity;

center for technological research;

small and medium business support fund;

center for marketing and analytical research and expertise;

investment promotion agencies.

The main point in the formation of a regional innovation management system is to determine the fundamental role of the state in the implementation of financial support and the introduction of organizational and regulatory measures.

Taking into account the specifics of our peninsula, the program of socio-economic development of Crimea for 2011-2020, developed by the government, determines one of the most important strategic priorities - the effective functioning of the recreational tourist complex and its formation on innovative basis as the main branch of the republic's economy. Important in this direction is the formation of an effective innovation and investment strategy for the region, aimed at creating a favorable investment climate that increases the innovative attractiveness of the region for foreign investors, reforming tax legislation to enhance investment activity, updating investment in human resources, to increase the intellectual potential of the region.

An innovative direction for the development of the tourism industry in the Crimea should be the creation of resort towns in coastal cities. The organization of resort cities provides for the creation of free economic zones, and contributes to the development of urban infrastructure, the intensification of investment activity, and, consequently, the improvement of the investment climate. In this regard, it is advisable to give the Southern Coast of Crimea (SCC) the status of a tourist and recreational zone that is free from taxes and has various types of preferential taxation, which contributes to the emergence of a competitive tourism product, transferring the hospitality, leisure and travel industry to an innovative development path.

A prerequisite for the development of a regional innovation model in the ARC is the use of a cluster strategy. The communication network characteristic of an innovation cluster will create favorable conditions for the diffusion of new technologies and is based on a combination of internal capabilities and external incentives for participants to enhance innovation. The implementation of structural transformations of the region based on the development of clusters is the formation of innovative clusters as an integral system for creating new products and technologies that are interconnected and concentrated in a certain economic space. It is advisable to create the following clusters of "innovative activity":

industrial parks (Bakhchisaray, Dzhankoy, Krasnoperekopsk),

agro-industrial complexes (Krasnogvardeyskoye, Dzhankoy),

science-intensive clusters (Simferopol, Sevastopol).

Conclusions. As a result of the study, the main aspects of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea were identified, priority measures were identified to enhance the innovation process in the region, in particular those related to the improvement of the innovation management system in the region, the creation of an effective innovation and investment strategy, the formation of innovative structures in the tourism industry, economic development region based on the cluster strategy. Carrying out these activities is aimed at enhancing the innovative development of the region, increasing its competitiveness, improving the socio-economic situation and ensuring sustainable development.

management innovation model activation

Bibliographic list used literature

1. Crimea in the context of globalization of the world economy: monograph / ed. Prof. A.M. Kleymenov. - Simferopol: KRP "Publishing House "Krymuchpedgiz", 2008. - 196 p.

2. Scientific activities in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea: stat. zb. - Simferopol: Golov. ex. statistics in the ARC, 2011. - 266 p.

3. Organization of territorial innovative structures (policies): [Electronic resource] // Proceedings of the Crimean Academy of Sciences. - Access mode: http://www.crimea.edu

4. Reznik V.G. The introduction of innovative technologies - a way to improve the competitiveness of small enterprises of the Crimea / V.G. Reznik // Science and business. Problems of development of small innovative entrepreneurship: materials of scientific. - pract. conf. - Simferopol: Ministry of Economy of the ARC, 2008. - 131 p.

5. Strategy for economic and social development Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2011-2020: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: www.minek-crimea.gov.ua

6. Tukhbatullina A.B. Regional innovation system as a basis for the formation of clusters in the region / A.B. Tukhbatullina // Socio-economic phenomena and processes. - 2008. - No. 4 (012). - S.79-82

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Khairova E.A.
Culture of the peoples of the Black Sea region. - 2012. - No. 219. - P.98-100.

Formulation of the problem. The world economy of the 21st century is characterized by the term "global knowledge economy" or "innovation economy", the main factors in the formation and development of which are knowledge and human capital.

In modern economic conditions, characterized by increased globalization and intensification of regionalization processes, increasing the competitiveness of national economic systems and regions becomes a priority task for economic development and is determined by the effectiveness of scientific, technical and innovative activities. In the context of the transition of the Ukrainian economy to an innovative path of development, the problem of the formation and implementation of a regional innovation policy is being updated.

In the domestic economic literature, the problems of the formation of national and regional innovation systems are devoted to the works of such scientists as: Z.O. Adamanova, L.L. Antonyuk, N.V. Apatova, V.S. Savchuk, N.Ya. Petrakov, SV. Kortov, N. Beketova, V. Podkolzina, A. Shabarova, L. Shakhovskaya.

The purpose of the article is to consider the main aspects of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the development of measures to improve the management system of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Research results. World experience shows that industrialized countries have made their breakthrough to the world market, primarily through the development of innovation and the mobilization of intellectual resources. In the conditions of global economic competition, the leading positions are occupied by states that provide the most favorable conditions for innovation and apply the most effective methods of managing innovation processes. The success of innovation activity is determined, first of all, by the effectiveness of the implementation of the state innovation policy.

The formation of an innovative model for the development of the region takes place under the influence of global and national trends, taking into account regional innovation priorities that do not contradict the state and correspond to the characteristics of production, resource, human and scientific potential. In this regard, the innovation system of the region can be considered as a subsystem of the country's innovation sector and socio-economic spheres of the region. Consequently, the creation of an innovation system involves the formation of a complex of scientific, technical, technological, socio-economic, legal conditions for the sustainable development of the economy, improving the living standards of the population based on the transformation of the region's economy and the creation of competitive products. Based on this, the main objectives of the region's innovation policy are:

Permanent increase of competitive advantages,
- activation of innovative processes,
- increasing the level of development of innovative potential,
- creating a favorable investment climate,
- Increasing innovation activity.

1) reforming the sanatorium-resort and tourism sector, in particular, the comprehensive realization of the potential of sanatorium-resort treatment and tourism through the introduction of innovative technologies in recreational activities;
2) the formation of the agricultural sector of the XXI century, which involves the development of high-quality agricultural production based on modern science-intensive and environmentally friendly technologies;
3) modernization of the sectoral structure of industry, which involves the creation of a competitive industry based on the use of advanced achievements of science and technology in production activities;
4) development of transport potential, including increasing the level, quality and diversification of transport communications;
5) creation of conditions for raising the standard of living of the population.

The innovative development of the economy of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, taking into account the main directions of socio-economic development, involves:

Strengthening the innovative orientation of the economy, increasing the volume of production of competitive products, resort and reaction services and the development of the social sphere;
- ecologization of production, balanced use and restoration of recreational and other natural resources;
- accelerating the development of priority sectors of the economy that provide the population and the recreational and tourist complex with high-quality food, goods and services, expanding their export opportunities.

Table 1.

Indicators of innovative activity of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the period 2005-2010.

Indicators	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Number of innovatively active enterprises, units	33	24	33	40	31	37
The volume of sold innovative products, mln.	932,2	557,9	624	280,1	174,5	163
Costs for innovation activity, mln hryvnia	93,6	90,2	185	225,6	129,8	146,7
The volume of costs for research and development in industry, mln. UAH	1,5	2,8	9,4	12,3	21,2	12,7
Share of sold innovative products in industrial volume,%	14,5	7,9	6,5	2,3	1,4	1,1
Share of industrial enterprises implementing innovations, %	6,6	6,1	8,7	9,9	6,8	6,9
Number of completed scientific and technical works, units	2996	3053	1545	1304	1019	1005
The share of innovatively active enterprises of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the total volume of enterprises in Ukraine, %	11,9	11,2	14,2	13,0	12,8	13,8

The most important indicator of the innovativeness of the economy is the innovative activity of enterprises, among the factors that hinder innovative processes in enterprises, there are such as:

Insufficiency of own funds (44.5%),
- high monetary value of innovation costs (34.8%),
- availability of more competitive organizations (20.3%),
- lack of public funding (19.4%),
- lack of external funding (16.3%) and others (Table 2).

Table 2.

Distribution of factors constraining innovation processes in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Factor	Number of cases in % of their total number, when the enterprise indicated the proposed factor
Lack of funds within an organization or group	44, 5
Innovation costs are too high	34,8
The market is dominated by well-equipped organizations	20,3
Insufficient public funding	19,4
Insufficient funding from sources outside the organization	16,3
Difficult to find cooperation partners	16,3
No need, as there is no demand for innovation	8,8
Not enough qualified personnel	7,5
There is no accurate information about the demand for innovative goods (services)	6,6
Not enough market information	5,3
Not enough information about technologies	4
No need as recent innovations have been introduced	1,8

Consequently, for the enterprises of the autonomy, the most significant deterrent to the innovation process is the lack of funding, and all sources: own, state and other borrowed funds.

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea has a significant scientific, technical and innovative potential for the development of innovative activities, however, due to the accumulated unresolved problems, in particular, the growing gap between science and production; the protracted transformation of the administrative-command management of the economy into a market economy system; lack of benefits and preferences, as well as favorable conditions for financing innovation activities; the absence of a consistent and systematic nature of the implementation of innovative management in the region, the innovative development of the region becomes extremely difficult.

Formation of a regional system of innovation activity management;
- formation of an effective innovation and investment strategy for the development of the recreational and tourist complex - as the basic sector of the region's economy;
- formation of clusters of "innovative activity" - as an effective tool for enhancing innovative activity.

In the current economic conditions of the development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, one of the main strategic priorities is the formation of a regional innovation system with a developed infrastructure and an effective regulatory mechanism. Effective management of the innovation process is necessary for the implementation of the following activities:

Scientific research coordination,
- stimulation of innovative activity,
- improvement of the legislative framework,
- target financing,
- regulation of international cooperation, etc.

Regional Innovation Fund - the leading body for the intensification of innovation activities in the region;
- regional venture fund supporting innovative business;
- regional center of innovative development;
- center for engineering and technology transfer;
- council of scientific and technical activity;
- Center for technological research;
- support fund for small and medium-sized businesses;
- Center for marketing and analytical research and expertise;
- investment promotion agencies.

Taking into account the specifics of our peninsula, the program of socio-economic development of Crimea for 2011-2020, developed by the government, defines one of the most important strategic priorities - the effective functioning of the recreational and tourist complex and its formation on an innovative basis as the main sector of the economy of the republic. Important in this direction is the formation of an effective innovation and investment strategy for the region, aimed at creating a favorable investment climate that increases the innovative attractiveness of the region for foreign investors, reforming tax legislation to enhance investment activity, updating investment in human resources, to increase the intellectual potential of the region.

An innovative direction for the development of the tourism industry in the Crimea should be the creation of resort towns in coastal cities. The organization of resort cities provides for the creation of free economic zones, and contributes to the development of urban infrastructure, the intensification of investment activity, and, consequently, the improvement of the investment climate. In this regard, it is advisable to grant the Southern Coast of Crimea (SCC) the status of a tourist and recreational zone that is free from taxes and has various types of preferential taxation, which contributes to the emergence of a competitive tourism product, transferring the hospitality, leisure and travel industry to an innovative development path.

Industrial parks (Bakhchisaray, Dzhankoy, Krasnoperekopsk),
- agro-industrial complexes (Krasnogvardeyskoye, Dzhankoy),
- knowledge-intensive clusters (Simferopol, Sevastopol).

Conclusions. As a result of the study, the main aspects of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea were identified, priority measures were identified to enhance the innovation process in the region, in particular those related to the improvement of the innovation management system in the region, the creation of an effective innovation and investment strategy, the formation of innovative structures in the tourism industry, economic development region based on the cluster strategy. Carrying out these activities is aimed at enhancing the innovative development of the region, increasing its competitiveness, improving the socio-economic situation and ensuring sustainable development.

Sources and literature

1. Crimea in the context of globalization of the world economy: monograph / ed. prof. A.M. Kleymenov. - Simferopol: KRP "Publishing House" Krymuchpedgiz ", 2008. - 196 p.
2. Scientific activities in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea: stat. zb. - Simferopol: Golov. ex. statistics in the ARC, 2011. - 266 p.
3. Organization of territorial innovative structures (policies): [Electronic resource] // Proceedings of the Crimean Academy of Sciences. – Access mode: http://www.crimea.edu
4. Reznik V.G. The introduction of innovative technologies is a way to increase the competitiveness of small enterprises of the Crimea / V.G. Reznik // Science and business. Problems of development of small innovative entrepreneurship: materials of scientific-practical. conf. - Simferopol: Ministry of Economy of the ARC, 2008. - 131 p.
5. Strategy for economic and social development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2011-2020: [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: www.minek-crimea.gov.ua
6. Tukhbatullina A.B. Regional innovation system as a basis for the formation of clusters in the region / A.B. Tukhbatullina // Socio-economic phenomena and processes. - 2008. - No. 4 (012). - P.79-82.

The speaker on the concept of creating a cluster was a member of the Public Council under the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, an expert of the Advisory Council of the State Duma Committee on Energy, the head of the section "Science, Innovation and Training in the Field of Energy Saving" of the Scientific and Expert Council under working group on monitoring the implementation of legislation in the field of energy, energy saving and energy efficiency of the Federation Council Sergey Krents.

The conference was attended by representatives of leading research institutes in the field of innovations of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, representatives educational institutions participating in the training of specialists and managers for innovative companies in the region, representatives of innovative companies of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.

In his report, Sergey Krents noted that for the Republic of Crimea, the introduction of mechanisms to enhance the innovative activities of business entities in all areas of economic activity is considered as the most important condition for the structural restructuring of the economy, creating an attractive investment image, and solving social issues of the Republic of Crimea.

Realizing the priority of the development of the resort and recreational sector, it should be noted that the basic basis of the economy of the Republic of Crimea is industrial, transport, communications and fuel and energy enterprises, providing about 40% of revenues to the budgets of all levels. The Republic of Crimea has a fairly developed infrastructure of industrial production - these are 275 enterprises of the extractive industry, mechanical engineering, shipbuilding and ship repair, food and chemical industry, production and distribution of electricity, gas, heat and water.

An analysis of innovative activity in the industrial sector over the past 10 years has shown that about 400 new progressive technologies have been introduced into production. technological processes, of which the third part is resource-saving (117). The volume of sold innovative products for this period amounted to about 12 billion rubles.

The largest number of innovation-active enterprises are machine-building enterprises. Fiolent Plant, Simferopol Plastics Plant OJSC, Pnevmatika OJSC, Feodosia State Optical Plant, Kerch Switch Plant LLC, SELMA Machine-Building Plant OJSC, Krym Pak UTOS UPP.

Manufacturers need not just ideas and scientific developments, but specific technologies, design documentation and prototypes with indicators that can ensure the global competitiveness of goods.

It will be possible to talk about a breakthrough in the high-tech sphere only when scientific institutions and higher educational establishments will consider this work one of the main tasks when the enterprises are engaged in the production of new products based on new knowledge, when an organized innovation infrastructure will become a full-fledged link at all stages of the production of an innovative product.

We need a system of selection and expert evaluation of the proposals of scientists and specialists. This will enable the development innovative projects and business plans that are understandable and attractive to investors.

Creation of favorable conditions for investing in industrial production is considered as a priority direction of the industrial policy of the Republic of Crimea.

In the field of industrial production, it is necessary to form a portfolio of investment and innovative projects that are aimed at a radical reconstruction and modernization of production, the introduction of new technological processes and energy-saving equipment.

Creation of a regional innovation-industrial cluster in the field of industrial technologies, production building materials, renewable and distributed energy in the Republic of Crimea will greatly contribute to the development and re-equipment of existing industrial productions in the Republic of Crimea, solving the urgent tasks facing enterprises to reduce dependence on imports, carry out restoration repairs, introduce high-tech science-intensive industries, and develop renewable and distributed energy.

In accordance with the decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the cluster approach provides the competitive potential for the development of the region, high level cooperation of large corporations and defense industry organizations, on the one hand, with micro, small and medium-sized businesses, scientific organizations of FASO and the Russian Academy of Sciences, universities, on the other hand. There is a large technological, scientific and educational backlog in the field of industry, production of building materials, renewable and distributed energy.

The main goals of creating an innovation-industrial cluster of the Republic of Crimea:

1. Attracting investments, both foreign and domestic, for the implementation by investors of production, research, innovation and other entrepreneurial activity, not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation on the basis of the organization of the production infrastructure, as well as on the basis of the developed special legislation that will regulate the activities of the cluster, including the provision of certain specific benefits.

2. Development of innovative activity that meets the priorities in the development of industry and services, aimed at creating competitive high-tech products.

3. Creation of new jobs, increase in wages.

Fundamentally important for the successful and sustainable development of the innovation cluster is the presence of a powerful research core capable of ensuring the development of its own innovative products.

The characteristic features of the created cluster can be: providing communications of all types necessary for the organization production process; production, storage and office space within the territory of the cluster (there may be a hotel); professional and efficient system organization of access roads, parking lots for trucks and cars, loading and unloading zones, checkpoints, etc.; system for organizing the work of the cluster, including the provision of various kinds services to resident companies of the innovation-industrial cluster, including information, consulting and legal services; cluster development support local authorities self-government and executive bodies authorities; proximity to major transport corridors (motorways, Railway, airports, pipelines, etc.); availability of acceptable-professional level and cost work force; the possibility of summing up the necessary communications; proximity to raw materials and material resources.

The priority of creating the production activity of the cluster will be determined within the framework of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of cluster policy, as well as investment and innovation activities.

The following areas are relevant for the Republic of Crimea: resource-saving technologies and new energy sources; mechanical engineering and instrument making; microelectronics; development of chemical and biotechnologies; high-tech development Agriculture and processing of agricultural products; construction, production of building materials and small-scale mechanization; medical equipment and technology; production of household goods and products for the resort and recreational sector. Fundamentally important for successful development The innovation cluster is the presence of a powerful research core, covering a fairly wide range of fundamental and applied research that can ensure the development of innovative products.

Consideration of the main factors for ensuring the innovative growth of high-tech industries in Russia on the basis of available examples allows us to conclude that in modern conditions support for promising industries can be effective. Requires government support fundamental research, basic research and development (R&D), the process of updating the production base through budget financing and the state order for the relevant products. Government decisions should provide favorable conditions for the development and promotion of products of innovative clusters, technology platforms.

Formation of the cluster system in Russia, its focus on economic efficiency, innovative specialization is gradually beginning to influence the formation of Russia's development strategy. At the same time, it should be understood that the system of Russian innovation clusters will be effective and in full demand only when major development projects are implemented throughout the country. At the same time, first of all, Russia's own scientific, industrial, and human resources should be in demand.

Following the discussions of the proposed project on organizing a cluster in the field of industrial technologies, production of building materials, renewable and distributed energy in the Republic of Crimea, it was decided to turn to the Head of the Republic of Crimea S. V. Aksenov with a request to support the idea of creating a cluster and make a petition to the Ministry of Industry and trade Russian Federation on granting the project the status of "pilot" and the allocation of funding for the organizational costs of creating a cluster.

For the sustainable development of enterprises agro-industrial complex the growth of innovative activity is of decisive importance, which includes the development and implementation of innovations, as well as the skillful use of the achievements of scientific and technical progress.

Agriculture is one of the main sectors of the agro-industrial complex of Crimea. The introduction of innovations in agricultural enterprises is associated primarily with a high degree the risk of invested funds, since there is a risk of uncertainty in obtaining an increased result.

Innovative activity in agriculture can bring both positive results for the agro-industrial complex, and put an agro-industrial enterprise in a difficult position if innovations turn out to be lower than expected results. .

In this connection, one of the main conditions for the development of agricultural production in modern market relations is to increase the efficiency of innovation in agriculture.

Innovation is the main element in the development of a market economy, it is an innovation that ensures the functioning of new processes or the development of products that are in demand on the market.

The innovative strategy for the development of agriculture is directly related to the development and development of innovations that ensure the competitiveness of agricultural products. .

The development of innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex is impossible without financial support and a phased restoration of agricultural production. Therefore, there are a number of factors influencing the development of innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex, which can be represented as follows (see table 1).

Table 1

Factors influencing the development of innovation activity in the agro-industrial complex

The complexity of introducing innovations in the agricultural sector is determined by the strengthening of the role of the state in stimulating innovations, a combination of various types and methods of innovation management.

The development and implementation of innovations in the agro-industrial complex of Crimea is carried out in accordance with the strategy for the development of innovative activities in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for the period up to 2020, developed on the basis of the Strategy for the economic and social development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for the period up to 2020.

Currently, the agricultural complex is focused on providing crop and livestock products mainly to local domestic markets serving the sanatorium and tourist complexes.

The main problems hindering the development of innovations are the lack of modern infrastructure agricultural market; low investment attractiveness and unsatisfied state of innovation in agricultural production. Agricultural enterprises are characterized by a low level of processing of agricultural products domestic production and its inconsistency international standards quality.

The main goal of the strategy for the development of innovative activities of agribusiness enterprises is to achieve a sustainable level and quality of life based on an innovative socio-economic system, which will be carried out in the following areas:

Development of a high quality agricultural product;

Formation of the base of modern environmentally friendly technologies;

Increase in export capital;

Formation of effective information support;

Introduction of cluster principles of economic organization of agricultural enterprises.

The innovative strategy of an enterprise is determined by such important components as the object and resources that an agro-industrial complex enterprise has, market positions and general economic structure (controlled market share, access to sources of financing and raw materials, competitiveness).

The development of high-quality agricultural production based on modern environmentally friendly technologies that can ensure food security for the population and recreants and increase export potential traditional industries of the region, as well as to revive social sphere villages is one of the priority directions of the strategy for the development of innovative activities of the agro-industrial complex of Crimea. .

Low endowment innovative technologies processing and storage of products shows the predominant development of raw materials in agricultural production, most agricultural producers do not have the opportunity to supply agricultural products to markets.

The market economy, which is characterized by intense competition, requires a special approach to innovation. With the goal of increasing efficiency, innovation opens up broad prospects for the development of modern entrepreneurship. Successful innovation activity enables the enterprise to form positive image, improve competitiveness, make better use of limited resources, increase profits. The development of an innovative development strategy ensures the progressive, proportional, effective development of the enterprise, its economic stability and security. In modern economic conditions, it is necessary to ensure the food security of Ukraine, which is one of the priorities of the region's development strategy. Food security can only be achieved stable job domestic agricultural producers, this is possible only if state support innovative activity of the agro-industrial complex. Therefore, the direct participation of the state in the widespread use of modern modernized innovative technologies is necessary.

Thus, the basis for achieving the economic success of agricultural enterprises is the development of an appropriate innovation strategy, improving the manufacturability of production, economical effect and the results of the introduction of innovative renewal of the enterprise. The current level of development of innovative activities of the agroindustrial complex of Crimea directly depends on the attraction of extrabudgetary sources of financing, the implementation of microcredit at the state level, as well as the formation of agro-industrial clusters.

Used sources

1. Lukinov I.I. Strategy and mechanisms for reforming the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. / I.I. Lukinov "3rd birnik of sciences., worker of KhDAU" No. 5, 2001, p. 26.

2. Strategy for socio-economic development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2011-2020. No. 1-1/1790 dated August 12, 2010

Innovative activity of Crimean enterprises. Innovation cluster in the Republic of Crimea

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