Kazan powder factory: history of formation. Kazan Gunpowder Plant Federal State Enterprise Kazan State Gunpowder Plant

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Kazan plant of synthetic rubber, Kazan powder plant
Federal state enterprise

Coordinates: 55°49′ s. sh. 49°02′ E / 55.817° N sh. 49.033° E d. / 55.817; 49.033(G)(O)(I)

Kazan State State Gunpowder Plant is a Russian military-industrial enterprise located in the Kirovsky district of Kazan.

1. History
- 1.1 18th century
- 1.2 19th century
- 1.3 XX century
- 1.4 21st century
2 Structure
3 Products
4 Leaders
5 Disasters
6 Notes
7 Literature
8 Links

Story

18th century

In 1772, “to the satisfaction of the Siberian department of gunpowder,” it was decided to build a gunpowder factory in Kazan.

In 1782, a decree was issued by the Office of the Main Artillery and Fortification on the selection of a place in the vicinity of Kazan for the construction of a plant with a production volume of 3-4 thousand pounds of gunpowder. 1783 was performed " long term plan”, then transferred to the Governing Senate. It was approved by Catherine II.

In January 1786, Lieutenant Colonel of Artillery Prince S. M. Barataev presented the “Plan for the appointed construction, at the adopted village of Yagodnoye, the place of the gunpowder factory ...”. Already in the summer of the same year, construction work began on the right bank of the Kazanka River.

The construction of the plant was facilitated by the head of artillery of Kazan - Major General P.P. Banner. The construction was carried out by Colonel of Artillery Prince S. M. Barataev under the supervision of Artillery Inspector Major General Vitovtov:676.

On June 24, 1788, after the solemn liturgy and the consecration of the plant by the priest of the Zakharyevskaya church, the plant of five runner factories was handed over to representatives of the Main Artillery and Fortification and began the regular production of gunpowder. during the first year, five running factories produced 5486 pounds of black powder - cannon, musket and rifle.

In 1789 the number of running factories was doubled; and over the next 17 years, the annual productivity of the plant ranged from 7,000 to 8,000 pounds.

19th century

Plan of the Kazan gunpowder factory in 1819.

In 1807, 27 more factories were added to the already existing ones, with a corresponding number of other powder-making buildings, and the possible annual productivity of the plant rose to 30,000 pd.

In the 19th century, the settlement of the factory workers, the Powder Sloboda, expanded significantly. Here the Powder Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the First Gunpowder Mosque "Barudia", the Second Gunpowder Mosque.

At the beginning of the century, the workers of the Kazan plant for saving resources and "dangerous work" repeatedly received bonuses to the established wages.

During the Crimean War of 1853-1856, the plant produced more than 60,000 pounds of gunpowder annually.

In May 1861, according to the "highest order" of Alexander II, a chemical laboratory was founded at the plant.

In 1866-1867, a general reconstruction of the enterprise was carried out with the transfer of mechanisms to mechanical drives, the creation modern system heating and lighting, replacement of all industrial premises with brick ones with provision further growth the production of black powder, the output of which was 70,000 pd.

Since 1872, the plant began the transition from compulsory labor to the volunteer.

The symbol of the enterprise is the jubilee arch "Red Gate", built in 1887, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Gunpowder Factory.

On June 24, 1887, the plant was visited by the Grand Dukes - artillerymen - Mikhail Nikolaevich and Sergei Mikhailovich: 224-225.

In 1888, the plant finally switched to mechanical engines (before that, some factories were "horse-operated"). In total, during the first century of its existence, the plant prepared about 2,000,000 pd of various types of gunpowder.

Plan of the Kazan gunpowder factory in 1888.

In the 1890s, a radical reorganization of the plant began to adapt it to the manufacture of smokeless powder. Since 1893, the gross production of pyroxylin gunpowder has been opened.

N.P. Zagoskin described the factory territory at the end of the 19th century as follows:

The Kazan Gunpowder Plant is a vast fenced grove, along which separate factories, workshops and other factory buildings are scattered. The place occupied by the plant bears the name of the "town" among the people - and this, indeed, is a whole small town with its own special world, its own administration, interests, topics of the day. Two of its settlements adjoin the plant - “near” and “far”. The plant has its own electric lighting, and a horse-drawn railway connecting its separate parts. A significant number of officers living in the town of the factory, who are in the service of it, even caused the establishment of a special “military assembly” here, in a word, the gunpowder factory, with its vast settlement, lives a life completely isolated from the life of the rest of the Kazan population.

Satellite in Kazan. Illustrated pointer of sights and reference book of the city, 1895.:676

20th century

With the outbreak of the First World War, the Kazan Gunpowder Plant began to develop production to the fullest extent, and in 1915 it was decided to rebuild the plant, increasing the plant's capacity to 480,000 pd of gunpowder per year, or up to 40,000 pd per month:210.

For this purpose, in 1915-1916, another equally powerful plant was built next to the existing plant, put into operation at the beginning of 1917. However, in August of the same year, the old Kazan plant was destroyed to the ground by explosions that occurred from a fire that broke out at the Porohovaya station and then at the Kazan artillery depot. The explosions also damaged the new gunpowder factory, but after repairs it resumed the production of gunpowder and pyroxylin:211.

In the 1930s, at Lenin Plant No. 40, as it was then called, a practically new gunpowder plant was built, 4 times more powerful than the one that was during the First World War.

During the Great Patriotic War The government ordered the Kazan Powder Plant to develop new rocket charges. From the very first days of hostilities, the entire production of the plant was transferred to war footing. A 12-hour working day was introduced in two shifts; men who left in the ranks of the Red Army were replaced by women and teenagers. During the Great Patriotic War, more than 103,000 tons of gunpowder were manufactured, including about 22,000 tons of special delivery gunpowder during the war years. Up to 30% of the gross output were charges for Katyushas. A special technical bureau (sharashka) OTB-40 operated at the plant, where imprisoned engineers worked: the former director of the Kazan Powder Plant V. Shnegas, prominent specialists N. Putimtsev, R. Fridlender, A. Ryabov and others who created many samples during the war years new technology.

For valiant work during the war years, the plant was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree. in subsequent years, the plant was awarded two other orders - the Red Banner of Labor and the October Revolution, which were awarded to the enterprise staff for the restoration of the national economy, for the production of civilian products (haberdashery and toys, varnishes and enamels, adhesives, lamps and kitchen cabinets, vorsonite, synthetic leather and other products).

At the plant, chemical products were formed (now the Federal State Enterprise "State Research Institute of Chemical Products" (FKP "GosNIIKhP") - one of the leading centers for the development of weapons in the USSR. The Institute supervised 15 factories of the country, introducing new technologies and new products (for example, technologies for obtaining gunpowder and charges for the Pion, Giacint, ZIF-91 artillery systems, the Koster grenade launcher, the Metis and Cobra complexes).

By the end of the 1980s, all the production capacities of the enterprise were fully loaded, the range of manufactured products for both military and civilian purposes was continuously updated. The plant fully satisfied the needs for different types gunpowder and charges of all types of troops of the Soviet Army, the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries, some of the products were exported to various countries of the world.

With the collapse of the USSR, the company found itself in a difficult financial situation.

XXI Century

After the 1990s, when the plant was on the verge of bankruptcy, by the order of the Government of Russia dated August 26, 2002, it was decided to create on the basis of the property complex the liquidated Federal State unitary enterprise“Federal Research and Production Center “State Kazan Research and Production Enterprise named after V. I. Lenin” (Federal State Unitary Enterprise FSPC GK NPP named after Lenin) of the new Federal State Enterprise “Kazan State State State Gunpowder Plant” (FKP KGKPZ).

In 2003, the enterprise was allocated a subsidy on a gratuitous and irrevocable basis for settlements with its personnel on wages and creditors in the amount of 50 million rubles.

Since then, the company has been wholly owned Russian Federation and is strategic.

Structure

The scientific and technical center "Energy systems and resource-saving technologies" operates at the plant.

Since 2006, a branch of the Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology of Kazan State Technological University has been organized at the plant.

The plant has its own historical horse-drawn fleet of four dozen horses. Powder workers use horse-drawn transport as the safest - "spark-free" - method of transporting explosives.

Products

The main products of the enterprise are gunpowder and propellant charges for small arms, aviation, naval, artillery, tank weapons and melee systems.

Special Products:

gunpowder for small arms caliber 5.45-14.5 mm;
cartridges for land, aviation and naval artillery, caliber 23-30 mm;
gunpowder and propellant charges for shots of melee systems:
- charges for starting rocket engines grenade launchers of the RPG-26, RPG-27, RPG-29 systems;
gunpowder for sports and hunting cartridges.

Other products:

Cellulose nitrates;
Nitroenamels and varnishes;
Pyrotechnic products;

In addition, the Kazan Powder Plant produces grounding anodes intended for use as ground electrodes for cathodic protection stations for main pipelines and other underground metal structures.

Leaders

Commanders and directors:

1786-1787 - Colonel Prince S. M. Barataev
1787-1798 - lieutenant colonel Banner
1806-1826 - Major General Reslaine
1836-1847 - Lieutenant General Tebenkov
1857-1882 - Major General M. M. Svechnikov
1882-1885 - M. I. Shatilov
1885-1917 - Lieutenant General Vsevolod Vsevolodovich Luknitsky (commander of the Kazan Powder Factory since 1885, director in 1909-1917)
1918-1919 - Vladimir Vladimirovich Shnegas
1919-1924 - A. Zharko
1932-1936 - E. Mikiton
1936-1937 - D. Ravich
1937-1938 - M. Fedoseev
1938-1939 - A. Yakushev
1939-1941 - K. Ioffe
1941-1942 - A. Yakushev
1942-1944 - V. Ivchenkov
1944-1947 - V. Mosin
1947-1952 - N. A. Borisov
1952-1955 - V. S. Slastnikov
1955-1967 - A. V. Gryaznov
1967-1994 - Sergey Georgievich Bogatyrev (director and CEO)
1994-1997 - F. F. Gazizov - (CEO)
1997-2003 - Sergey Eduardovich Mezheritsky (general director)
2003 - present - Khalil Zinnurovich Giniyatov (CEO)

Chief Engineers:

Moisei Mikhailovich Tropp - chief engineer of the plant in 1943-1949.
Onishchenko Georgy Prokhorovich - chief engineer of the plant 1955 - 1961.

Khusainov
Shapovalov Evgeniy Vasilyevich - Chief Engineer / Production Director
Borbuzanov Vitaly Gennadievich - chief engineer (? - present).

catastrophes

At the gunpowder factory, fires and explosions happened more than once.

The largest explosions in the history of the plant in the 19th century were in 1830 and 1884.

The devastating fire that destroyed a million shells and more than ten thousand machine guns in August 1917 is known as the "Kazan catastrophe". During it, many workers of the plant and residents of the Powder Settlement suffered, the director of the plant, Lieutenant General V.V. Luknitsky, died.

Notes

Natalia Fedorova. Kazantsev will be let in on a cannon shot: the Kazan Powder Plant proposed its concept for the revival of the Admiralteiskaya Sloboda // Moskovsky Komsomolets. - 2013. - September 25.
1 2 3 Giniyatov Kh.Z. Kazan Powder Plant: past and present // News of Tatarstan. - 2008. - June 20.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Yakimovich A. A. Kazan Powder Plant // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
1 2 3 Zagoskin N.P. Satellite in Kazan. Illustrated index of sights and reference book of the city. - Kazan: Typo-lithography of the Imperial University, 1895.
1 2 3 4 5 Shamil Mulayanov. New of the old plant // Republic of Tatarstan. - No. 200 (26317). - October 4, 2008.
See: Lukyanov P. M. The history of chemical industries and the chemical industry of Russia until the end of the 19th century: 5 vols. - M.-L., 1948-1955. - T. III. (1951). - S. 476-477.
Nikolaev A. Gunpowder laboratory - 140 years // Republic of Tatarstan. - No. 105 (24402). - May 25, 2001.
1 2 Barsukov E. Z. Artillery of the Russian army (1900-1917): 4 volumes. - M.: Military Publishing House of the MVS USSR, 1948-1949. - Volume II. (1949). - 344 p.
History // Official site of the FKP KGKPZ.
Evgeny Panov. With "Katyushas" to Berlin // Time and Money. - 2009. - No. 82-83 (3029-3030). - 8 May.
Kazan will open the monument to "Katyusha" // News of the Fatherland. - 2005. - No. 17 (293). - May 4th.
About the enterprise // Official website of the Federal State Enterprise "State Research Institute of Chemical Products".
Olga Lyubimova. Kazan creators of Russian gunpowder // Time and Money. - 2006. - No. 62 (2272). - April 12th.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 601 dated September 26, 2003 "On approval of the Rules for the provision in 2003 of subsidies to federal state-owned enterprise"Kazan state state-owned gunpowder plant" // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. - 2003. - No. 40. - Art. 3894.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1009 dated August 4, 2004 "On Approval of the List strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies» // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. - 2004. - No. 32. - Art. 3313.
Ruslan Mukhamedshin. Kazanians keep their gunpowder dry // Without buldyrabyz! (We can!). - 2008. - No. 7 (July).
Special products // Official site of FKP KGKPZ.
Nitrocellulose // Official site of FKP KGKPZ.
Paint and varnish production // Official site of FKP KGKPZ.
Fireworks // Official site of the FKP KGKPZ.
Grounding anodes // Official site of FKP KGKPZ.
Management // Official site of the FKP KGKPZ.
Svetlana Malysheva. Fire on Powder, or "Kazan catastrophe" // Scientific and documentary journal "Gasyrlar Avaza - Echo of the Ages". - 1998. - No. 3-4.

Literature

Glinsky A.S. 100 years of the Kazan gunpowder factory. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Artillery Journal, 1888.
Kuleshova S. Red Gates // Soviet Tatarstan. - 1979. - August 31.
Kazakov V.S. 210 years in the service of the motherland: Kazan powder factory. - Kazan, 1998.
Belov S.G. Kazan Powder Plant // Tatar Encyclopedia. - T.3. - Kazan, 2006. - S. 105.

Kazan Powder Plant Information About

Year of foundation: 1788

Industry: chemical industry, defense industry

Manufactured products: gunpowder, flame powder, pyrotechnic products, varnishes, paints, solvents, nitrocelluloses, colloxins, ether, alcohol, glue, products of high-silicon cast iron - ferrosilide (pumps, fittings, grounding anode), consumer goods (consumer goods).

CEO: Livshits Alexander Borisovich

Federal State Enterprise "Kazan State State Gunpowder Plant"(FKP KGKPZ) is one of the leading manufacturers of gunpowder for small arms and mortar weapons. It is the oldest gunpowder factory in Russia with a two-century history of the development of powder making, founded in 1788 by the personal decree of Empress Catherine II.

In the 30s of the twentieth century at the plant number 40 named. Lenin, as it was then called, a practically new gunpowder factory was built, 4 times more powerful than the one that was during the First World War. And everything that was done during this reconstruction was the basis that made possible the labor feat of the team during the Second World War, when the plant remained the only one that worked uninterruptedly at full capacity of those that produced pyroxylin gunpowder.

On September 1, 2003, the oldest defense enterprise in Russia regained its original status and is now called the Kazan State Treasury Powder Plant.

At present, the plant is a diversified enterprise producing a variety of pyroxylin gunpowder and charges for almost all types of weapons, hunting and sporting gunpowder, pyrotechnic products and fireworks, nitrocellulose, lacquer colloxylin, casting from anti-corrosion silicon cast iron (ferrosilide), adhesives, paints and varnishes. For some powders, the plant is a Russian monopoly, for example, for gunpowder for charges for grenade launchers and certain nomenclatures for tank shots.

Permanent participation in international exhibitions enables the company to enter into trade relations with foreign firms, to sell sports gunpowder and nitrocellulose abroad.

The enterprise conducts its own research and development activities. The plant has one of the oldest chemical laboratories in the industry, dating back more than 140 years, which constantly monitors the quality of each batch of gunpowder.

MANAGEMENT

CEO - Alexander B. Livshits

* data from the report of the General Director of the enterprise at a meeting of the Board of the Volga Department of Rostekhnadzor

Federal State Enterprise "Kazan Powder Plant" - large enterprise OPK, specializing in the production of gunpowder, charges, pyrotechnic products and other products. Over the 228-year history, millions of tons of explosives for various purposes have been fired here.

Company foundation

With the development of the eastern lands of Russia, there was a need to build a gunpowder plant closer to the main consumers: explorers, merchants, miners. Kazan was chosen as a place for construction, which is located in the center of water and land routes. Ammunition was delivered along the Kama to the Urals, then to Siberia, and along the Volga to the Caucasus and the Caspian.

The Kazan gunpowder factory started operating in 1788. Considering the fire hazard of the enterprise, at first they entrusted to work on it people responsible and able to handle ammunition: soldiers and officers. Later, a specialized school was organized, where the children of military personnel were taught a dangerous craft. A Powder settlement was formed around the workshops, here the workers were allocated allotments for housing.

Support of the fatherland

Kazansky was loaded with work during military conflicts, with which Russian history is rich. Wars with Sweden, Turkey, Napoleon, European campaigns demanded an increase in productivity. This was achieved by expanding production. The enterprise grew, new workshops were opened, later it was carried out to the plant and Railway. During the first 100 years of operation, the plant produced 2 million pounds of gunpowder.

By the end of the 19th century, the KPZ carried out a number of upgrades and mastered the production of smokeless pyroxylin powder. Every year, the enterprise produced volumes unprecedented for that time - up to 500,000 pounds.

After the chaos of the Civil War, the enterprise gradually gained momentum. Active rearmament in the 30s contributed to the development of the material and technical base. The Kazan Gunpowder Factory met World War II fully armed. Ammunition was sorely lacking. Day and night, seven days a week, workers produced the necessary gunpowder and charges. Most of the men went to defend their homeland, women and teenagers stood behind the machines.

The war showed that the army needed more effective ammunition. The engineers of the Special Technical Bureau No. 40 took up the development of new components. They created samples of "revolutionary" explosives with characteristics that were unique for that time. Artillerymen praised the products of the bullpen for reliability and highest quality. The charges for the Katyushas were a special pride of the factory workers.

Newest time

In the 1990s, the company faced a lack of demand for products. Management confusion led to the threat of bankruptcy. In 2002, the government decided to restore production. The Kazan State State Gunpowder Plant acquired its current name in 2002 after a large-scale reorganization. In 2003, a much-needed $50 million subsidy was made available to pay off debts and restart ammunition production. Today, the KPZ is a strategic, federally owned plant.

emergency

For two centuries, accidents have happened more than once in explosive production. History knows the fires that led to the massive detonation of ammunition in 1830 and 1884.

On August 14, 1917, a real disaster occurred - due to a fire, the Kazan powder factory literally flew into the air. The director, Lieutenant General Luknitsky, almost the entire administration, hundreds of factory workers, dozens of residents of the Powder Sloboda died. 10,000 machine guns and millions of ready-made shells were destroyed. We had to set up production with clean slate.

On March 24, 2017, a charge detonated in shop No. 3, which frightened the residents of Kazan. The flaming flames and cubes of smoke were visible from all areas of the city. People died.

Modernization

The gunpowder plant (Kazan) was included in the list of defense industry enterprises, where it is planned to re-equip production by 2020. Last time significant reconstruction at the bullpen was carried out 30 years ago. General Director Khalil Giniyatov claims that by 2020 it will be a modern, high-tech, safe plant for the production of high-energy gunpowder.

At a number of sites, automated complexes replaced tens and hundreds of workers. For example, in the nitration department new complex controls the operation of several key units: (pulp crusher), acid wetting agent and 20 cc reactor. Previously, all dangerous operations were carried out manually. Today, one operator monitors the entire process in complete safety on a computerized control panel.

Production

Kazan Powder Plant is actively working on the domestic and foreign markets. It produces 100 tons of gunpowder per month. Production provides income for 2000 people.

For military purposes, the KPZ produces:

gunpowder of various types;
paint and varnish products;
nitromastics;
others chemical materials to organize the production of ammunition.

The KPZ also sells “peaceful” products:

hunting and sporting cartridges;
grounding anodes for cathodic protection of pipelines and underground metal structures.

The geography of deliveries is extensive. These are defense and civil enterprises of Russia (Yoshkar-Ola, Izhevsk, Sarapul, Votkinsk, Klimovsk, Sergiev Posad, Lyubertsy, Khimki, Yekaterinburg, Severouralsk), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Cyprus, Venezuela, India, Algeria, Uganda and other countries. For the stable production of high-quality and safe products for the consumer, the gunpowder plant (Kazan) in 2012 was awarded the highest award of the Quality Leader competition by the government of Tatarstan.

CSKA and Ak Bars were supposed to meet in the final. Many people think so Russian specialists and fans. Despite the fact that neither team won the regular season, it is Muscovites and Kazan that show the most mature and inspiring game today.

Both teams went through the first round of the playoffs in the same breath, not allowing their opponents to win a single match. The army team completely drove around the Chelyabinsk Tractor, almost in every match, loading six goals into its gates.

But such is the will of the hockey gods: CSKA Vyacheslav Bykov and Ak Bars Zinetula Bilyaletdinov crossed sticks already at the quarterfinal stage. Confrontation on the coaching bridge of two former teammates Soviet Union- great defender and striker - subtle strategists were overshadowed by the battles in the other three pairs of the ¼ finals.

The first duel on the day of his 53rd birthday on the opponent's ice with a full house, which happens extremely rarely at the CSKA Ice Palace of Sports, was brilliantly won by Bilyaletdinov. More precisely, his wards won. The score 6:0 does not at all reflect the events that took place that evening on the ice rink of the CSKA Sports Palace. There was no “Massacre of a Baby”, there were heroes.

Such, for example, can be called the goalkeeper of Kazan, Robert Ash, who has become, perhaps, the most valuable acquisition of the "leopards" this season. The American was spinning like a squirrel in a wheel, helping out his partners in seemingly unthinkable situations. What is only a five-on-three game of the army team for almost two minutes in the second period. The defense of Ak Bars, led by Ash, bent, but did not bend. We survived through dedication. This moment was the key in the match, after which the Muscovites became discouraged, deciding to save their strength for the next battle. After all, on Friday the game will start with a clean slate. The battle of the titans will continue.

Another factor in Kazan's success was their strong start.Already by the tenth minute of the meeting, the forward of the first link of Ak Bars Danis Zaripov scored a double. At the beginning of the third period, Jukka Hentunen made the score large in favor of the guests, using the removal of Peter Schastlivy. In the third period, Kazan three more times lit the light behind the gates of the young Ivan Kasutin, who in the second period replaced Thomas Lawson at the last frontier of the army.

Thus, the score in the series of up to three victories became 1:0 in favor of the vice-champion, on March 14 in Moscow the teams will fight again. Bykov, by all means, needs to be rehabilitated and take revenge - after all, the team coach.

The rest of the matches of the quarterfinals of the Russian Championship among Superleague teams were held in Ufa, Magnitogorsk and Yaroslavl. The victories in them were celebrated by Salavat Yulaev, Metallurg and SKA. The Ufimians beat the main opening of the playoffs Cherepovets Sevrestal with a score of 3:1, Magnitogorsk only in a series of post-match shootouts broke the resistance of Dynamo Moscow - 4:3, and Yaroslavl Lokomotiv unexpectedly lost big to St. Petersburg on its ice SKA with a score of 0:4. On March 14, the teams will continue to sort things out in the second matches of the best-of-three series.

CSKA (Moscow) — Ak Bars (Kazan) — 0:6(0:2, 0:1, 0:3). March 13. Moscow. Ice Palace of Sports of CSKA. 5,700 spectators. Judge - Biryukov (Moscow). The score in the series is 0:1.

Goals: Zaripov, 9, 10; Hentunen, 22; Buravchikov, 46; Chayanek, 52; Arkhipov, 57.

Timur Latypov, Aleksef Luchnikov, Lyubov Shebalova and Dmitry Katargin “Gunpowder, goodbye: Manturov is ready to exile the KGKPZ from Kazan to Udmurtia. Kazan powder shop may become a victim of disarmament programs: pro et contra”, in which it is reported that the recent forecast of experts that the issue of moving the Kazan powder factory outside the Republic of Tatarstan will be raised in the near future was quite unexpectedly realized yesterday at an event with the participation of Vladimir Putin. As Minister of Industry of the Russian Federation Denis Manturov told the President, Udmurtia is ready to accept Kazan production. How realistic this is, the correspondents of "BUSINESS Online" found out.

Federal State Enterprise "Kazan State State Gunpowder Plant" (c) "BUSINESS Online"

GUNPOWDER FROM KAZAN - SAVE PRODUCTION IN UDMURTIA

The day of September 27 in a sense became historical for Russia - it destroyed the last chemical munitions. The project, which lasted 20 years, spent 290 billion rubles, including the construction of state-of-the-art enterprises equipped with the latest technology for recycling (7 in total). On one of them - "Object" Kizner "" in Udmurtia - yesterday the last kilograms of "poison" were destroyed. The question arose logically: what to do with these plants next? Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation Denis Manturov yesterday proposed to President Vladimir Putin, who was watching the disposal process, to develop a program to eliminate the consequences of the destruction of chemical weapons.

It looks like the FKP Kazan State State Gunpowder Plant (KGKPZ) may fall victim to it. The Kizner facility, where the last supply of chemical arsenal was destroyed today, is expected to be used for the production of gunpowder and explosives. At the same time, we are ready to close the Gunpowder Plant in the center of Kazan, transferring all these competencies to a completely new site, ”the Kremlin press service quotes Manturov. And Mikhail Babich, permanent representative of the President of Russia in the Volga Federal District, told reporters that the transfer of the Gunpowder Plant from Kazan to Kizner is the main option for further use of the facility's capacity.

Such a turn in the fate of the gunpowder looks quite unexpected. There was not the slightest hint of such an option at the presentation of the new general director of the enterprise, Alexander Livshits, to the team last week. Dmitry Kapranov, Director of the Department for the Industry of Conventional Arms, Ammunition and Special Chemistry of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, then stressed that the plant's workload is high, and will be even higher. Minister of Industry and Trade of the Republic of Tatarstan Albert Karimov emphasized the need to optimize technologies for the growing needs of customers.

However, all these appointments-statements are taking place against the backdrop of thoughts literally floating in the air that “in any case, something needs to be done with Kazan Powder”. Recall that after another fatal tragedy that occurred at the plant in March, the Volga Department of Rostekhnadzor published a report, part of which was devoted to the situation at the KNKPZ. The document emphasized that since 2013, the plant had 7 accidents (only in 2016 - three), of which two were fatal. It was stated that in 2013-2017, 841 violations were detected there, and the deterioration of the main technological equipment reached 90%.

But even then, there was no talk of moving the enterprise outside Kazan, the need for which once again was discussed by many, and, as a source of BUSINESS Online in the military-industrial complex, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian government Dmitry Rogozin said at a defense industry meeting in April promised to allocate necessary funds for the modernization of the enterprise. The information of our source about the Rogozin instruction was indirectly confirmed by Dmitry Kapranov, Director of the Department of Conventional Arms Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. In response to a request from BUSINESS Online, he said that a number of investment projects aimed at automating and mechanizing hazardous production processes which will be carried out practically without human intervention.

And in general, it’s clear: what kind of a move if the KGKPZ is the main gunpowder “arsenal” of Russia, or rather the only universal plant for the production of pyroxylin gunpowder? The management of the enterprise has repeatedly emphasized that after Sergei Shoigu joined the Ministry of Defense, an increase in production volumes began and the demand for KGKPZ products is increasing every year, and, probably, not without good reasons. Most likely, the leadership of the Republic of Tatarstan is not enthusiastic about the idea of closing the plant, because, after all, about 1.8 thousand people work at the enterprise.

KAZAN DREAMS

However, earlier one of the experts of BUSINESS Online, the leading expert of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies Maxim Shepovalenko, assured that the question of the very location of the Gunpowder Plant within the city would inevitably be raised - chemical production with all the consequences. “I think that this is the type of production that Tatarstan could completely painlessly part with,” Shepovalenko noted. - The Republic needs to hold on to aircraft and shipbuilding, KAMAZ, and if gunpowder had gone from you to the same Tambov region, then you would not have lost anything. I think this topic will be raised. In a word, the big question is whether it is worth modernizing the plant in Kazan.”

Recall that in fat times, in 2007, they talked about the relocation of Porokhovy to Mendeleevsk almost as a decided project. This conversation took place at the level of the then President of the Republic of Tatarstan Minitimer Shaimiev and the head federal agency on industry Boris Alyoshin. While in Kazan, the latter said that "there is an idea to create a new plant, which will be built in Mendeleevsk." This project, according to him, is dictated, among other things, by the need to switch to new, more advanced technologies, create new production capacity. The choice of Mendeleevsk as the location of the new enterprise is predetermined, as Aleshin noted, by its good personnel capabilities and the reputation of "a historically recognized chemical industry place." Shaimiev then emphasized that we are not talking about the imminent closure of the Kazan gunpowder plant: “The question of what will happen to the old plant can only be raised when a new one is built, also because the production of military products cannot be stopped. . The process of creating a new production is very long. Even when the new plant is built, it will take a long time to make this production site flawless for future use.” Now, it seems, such an “almost flawless” platform has been found.

Who will benefit from the departure of Powder? Theoretically, this is Kazan. BUSINESS Online's source in the plant's management says that the Kazan mayor's office has long dreamed of such an option, provided that the issue is resolved at the federal, and not republican or city expense. In response to our newspaper's inquiry, the administrations of the Kirovsky and Moskovsky districts replied that they did not know anything about the plans to transfer the Gunpowder Plant to another location. At the same time, officials noted that the territory of Porokhovy is attractive both for creating recreational areas and for building. In addition, if earlier construction in the Kirovsky district ran into sewage problems, then after the commissioning of the Zarechye sewage pumping station, there will be no more obstacles.

“They wanted to move the Kazan powder plant for a long time, and this is rational,” Alexander Dembich, an ardent supporter of this idea, the head of the urban planning department of the Kazan State University of Civil Engineering, a member of the presidium of the board of the Union of Architects of the Republic of Tatarstan, told BUSINESS Online. “Firstly, the technologies there are very outdated, and I think, when it is transferred, everything will be done using new technologies. Secondly, of course, a new site of almost 500 hectares will be vacated. Housing can be built there, and anything else. ” The architect added that the territory of Porokhovy is almost one forest area, and since the enterprise was closed, the forest is in good condition. “The fact that the environment is bad there is a myth,” Dembich assured, “there was no such impact, especially in the last 15-20 years.” According to him, the construction of housing on this territory will make it possible to build a complex comparable to Salavat Kupere, and it will be located much closer to the center of Kazan. “Of course, this is a very big gift for the city,” he says. But this is federal land. If it is handed over to the city, there will be an interesting area for development.” He believes that the territory on which the plant is located is worth 25 billion.

Presumably, the residents of Kazan will also benefit. And although the management of Porokhovy regularly declares that the plant is not dangerous for the city, a completely different view of this has developed in society. “I have only general thoughts on this issue: such an enterprise within the city is bad, we need to find an opportunity to move it,” said Oleg Morozov, a member of the Federation Council from Tatarstan, in a conversation with BUSINESS Online. “Location within the city of a million people of an enterprise with such a dangerous production, where accidents constantly occur, carries the potential for great problems and dangers.” “The fact that the Kazan Gunpowder Plant needs to be moved was discussed 10 years ago,” said the general director of the association industrial enterprises RT Alexey Pakhomov. “God forbid if that happens. The plant needs modernization. Accidents there occur, including for a technical reason, many questions arise about it.”

"THE GOLDEN MEAN WILL BE FOUND"

As you know, the KGKPZ is skeptical about talking about the need to move production out of the city, since it is both extremely complicated and extremely expensive - about 70 billion rubles ... Today, the KGKPZ could not comment on Manturov's statement, saying only that the general director is on a business trip in Moscow. Khalil Giniyatov, Livshits's predecessor as general director of the enterprise, did not expand on this topic either. “I’m at a meeting right now, I can’t talk,” he said and hung up. After that, his phone did not answer. Giniyatov's predecessor, Sergei Mezheritsky (who headed the Kazan Powder Plant in 1997-2003, now heads the state research institute Kristall in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region), also avoided assessing the plans of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. “I can’t comment on Denis Manturov’s statement,” he limited himself to a laconic phrase.

But the other day, Mezheritsky told BUSINESS Online that literally two months ago he was introduced into the interdepartmental working group on the assessment of the state of the AGCP, which is headed by the chairman of the scientific and technical council military-industrial commission Defense industry of the Russian Federation Yuri Mikhailov - Rogozin ordered to create a group. “I was included because I was still the director of the Kazan Powder Factory and I know a lot of things that others don’t know,” Mezheritsky said. According to him, the task of the group is to determine what to do with the Kazan Gunpowder Plant, what are its development prospects. In particular, he immediately said: “In Tatarstan, the issue of moving the plant to another place has always been discussed. I myself wrote in the article that Kazan is on a powder keg.” To the question “Is this not a utopian idea, because moving will require huge funds?” Mezheritsky replied: “I think that some kind of golden mean will be found. It is not practical to transfer all production. Kazan powder should remain in its place, but, perhaps, not in those volumes that are especially dangerous.

The same is being suggested by the recent talk about the need to consolidate the ammunition industry. This, in particular, was voiced by Rogozin. Rumor has it that Kazan powder, among other ammunition production, will be given to the Rostec holding Tekhmash. “The Ministry of Industry and Trade submitted this proposal to the government apparatus. The decision has not yet been made, ”Mezheritsky confirmed this information in a conversation with BUSINESS Online. “I have seen this structure and fully support it. Ammunition enterprises should have one owner, who will determine who, what and in what volumes to do. There is a Kazan powder plant, Tambov, Aleksinsky, the Kommunar plant. If the manager knows who, what and how much to produce, there will probably be order. We are returning to what used to be the head office, which determined who and what range of products to produce.

And adviser to the Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan Nazir Kireev, in an interview with BUSINESS Online, noted that today there were “millions” of talks about the transfer of the Powder Plant and, in general, this idea is unpromising and dangerous from the point of view of the country's defense capability. “How many such plans were! he recalled. — Yes, they once talked about Mendeleevsk. Why exactly about him, no one knows. They explained that, they say, since there are chemists there, there will also be personnel. But, according to Kireev, this is the main argument against moving the plant: “The gunpowder plant rests on people - that's the main thing. You can not reset this personnel factor. We know the fate of the aircraft industry: now it is necessary to build aircraft, but there are no personnel. In Russia, the production of its civil aircraft has been discontinued for the entire model range. What else to talk about? Entire industries are dying. Name at least one normally working industry! The same will happen in the case of Porokhov ... As for the statements, there have already been so many of them, but in the end, so little came out of the cases ... "