Submarine Shch-139 and its crew
By the mid-30s of the XX century, the Soviet Union was making every effort to create a modern Navy capable of reliably covering the sea and ocean borders of the state. The lack of funds and the unpreparedness of domestic industry to create a powerful surface fleet forced the leadership of the USSR to launch the mass construction of submarines in order to create a threat to the fleets of a potential enemy with their help. Particularly relevant was the issue of defending oceanic frontiers for the Far East, where we then had practically no surface warships. In addition, there were no shipbuilding plants in the Far East. That is why it was decided to make submarines the basis of the combat power of the Pacific Fleet. New submarines were vigorously built at the factories of Leningrad and Nizhny Novgorod, then they were disassembled by special trains delivered to Vladivostok, where they were reassembled. The process is costly and dreary, but there was simply no other way out. In total, in 1932–1940, 86 submarines were transported to the Pacific Ocean by echelons. different projects. It was a truly titanic event, which, however, made it possible to create a powerful submarine fleet on the Far Eastern borders in a short time.
Submarines of the new X series, being rapidly built in the mid-30s, incorporated all the best that Soviet ship designers had achieved by that time. The pike, which received the name Shch-315, also belonged to the new series. This submarine is the main character of our story, and therefore we will get to know her better.
The surface displacement of the new submarine was 592 tons, underwater - 715 tons. With a length of 58 meters and a hull width of 6 meters, the “pike” had a draft of 4 meters - the armament of the Shch-315 included 3 45-mm guns, 4 bow and 2 stern torpedo tubes with a supply of 10 torpedoes and 2 machine guns to protect the boat from enemy aircraft. The maximum surface speed is 12 knots, underwater - 8 knots. The working depth of immersion is 75 meters, and the limit is 90 meters. The estimated autonomy of stay at sea was 20 days. However, it was at this time that Pacific submariners on "pikes" began to significantly overlap the calculated standard by two and three times. The crew of the new submarine was 37 people. In general, the new boat met the requirements of the times, although the speed left much to be desired.
The boat was laid down on December 17, 1934 at plant number 112 "Krasnoye Sormovo" in Nizhny Novgorod under serial number 85 and was built mainly from parts manufactured at the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant. April 27, 1935 a new "pike" launched. At first, Shch-315, like many of its predecessors, was also supposed to be sent in sections to the Far East, but then plans for the submarine changed. The fate of Shch-315 was decided differently.
On April 5, 1937 (according to other sources, in May 1937 or April 17, 193 on the 5th), the submarine was launched. On December 5, 1937, the naval flag was raised on Shch-315, and she became part of the submarine training division of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. The first commander of the boat was Senior Lieutenant V. A. Egorov.
On July 17, 1938, in connection with the introduction of a new numbering of submarines in the Soviet fleet, Shch-315 received a new designation - Shch-423. By the beginning of 1939, the boat had successfully completed the entire course of combat training and worked out the crew.
At that time, intensive development of the Northern Sea Route was underway in order to possibly test the inter-theater transfer of ships. The first successes of end-to-end voyages along the Northern Sea Route in both directions led the leadership of the Navy to the idea of transporting a submarine to the Far East in this way. Of course, there were certain doubts whether the boat would reach or be crushed by ice? But the foreign policy situation dictated that to test the possibility of such a faster and effective way the transfer of submarines to the Pacific Ocean is a must. Shch-423 was chosen to carry out this risky mission. There was also a change of commander, instead of the departed V. A. Yegorov, Shch-423 was taken under his command by Senior Lieutenant Keyserman.
On May 9, 1939, the submarine began crossing the White Sea-Baltic Canal from the Baltic to the North, and on June 21, 1939, it became part of the Northern Fleet. Here Senior Lieutenant Alexei Matveyevich Bysgrov took command of the submarine. However, it was not possible to immediately begin preparations for the most difficult transition through the Arctic seas. The war with Finland began, and Shch-423 was left in the warring Northern Fleet. Now she was part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade of the Northern Fleet.
Information about the participation of Shch-423 in the war varies. According to some sources, the boat was under repair, so it did not take part in hostilities, according to others, Shch-423 nevertheless went on a military campaign and patrolled off the coast of Norway, between the port of Varde and Cape Nordkin, however, to no avail, since Finnish ships never appeared in the area.
On May 20, 1940, immediately after the end of hostilities in Finland, a resolution was adopted by the Defense Committee under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on the transfer of one submarine of the Northern Fleet to the Pacific Ocean by the Northern Sea Route, which had never been done before. The choice of the commander of the Northern Fleet, Rear Admiral Drozd, fell on Shch-423. It was no accident. The friendly and close-knit crew of Shch-423 had great experience sailing in the icy Barents Sea in difficult weather conditions and in ice. The young commander of the ship, Senior Lieutenant A. Bystroe competently and confidently managed it. The entire personnel consisted of Komsomol members and communists. The military commissar was the senior political instructor V. Moiseev, the mechanical engineer - military technician of the 1st rank G. Solovyov. The submariners understood the difficulties and risks of the upcoming trip, but were proud of the responsible task. The command did not “strengthen the crew” with experienced specialists from other ships, breaking the ties and relationships that had developed in it, which, of course, had a positive effect on the mood of the people. No one needed to be reminded of the responsibility, quality of inspection and repair of mechanisms and devices.
Since May 25, the sailors, together with the workers of the Murmansk Shipyard, have been working 14-16 hours a day in order to complete the work envisaged by the plan on time and carefully. The ship engineer A. I. Dubravin supervised the preparation of the boat for difficult navigation, while the preparation of the Shch-423 was supervised by the commander of the Northern Fleet, Rear Admiral V. P. Drozd, who repeatedly visited the submarine, delving into all the details.
The military engineer of the 2nd rank A. Dubravin, appointed engineer of the special purpose expedition (EON-10), provided great practical assistance to the submariners. The constructive solutions proposed by him for additional protection of the hull, rudders and propellers were accepted and tested in the ice of the Arctic. The hull of the Shch-423 was sheathed with a mixed wooden-metal “fur coat” 150–200 mm thick, the bow horizontal rudders were removed, and instead of the standard stern rudders, removable rudders were installed on a shortened stock, which made it possible, if necessary, to shoot and staging them without docking. Bronze propellers were replaced with steel ones of smaller diameter with replaceable blades. At the upper bow and stern torpedo tubes, instead of breakwater shields, specially made ones were installed, which could be easily and quickly removed by ship's means. Upon completion of the work, the upper torpedo tubes were shot through with torpedo blanks, making sure that they could be used in the presence of a “fur coat”.
Taking into account the complexity of ice navigation, the poor knowledge of some areas along the transition route, the need for knowledge of the Pacific theater at the final stage, for the duration of the Arctic voyage, the Shch-423 crew was headed by an experienced submariner, Captain 3rd Rank I. Zaidulin, and Senior Lieutenant A. Bystroye became his understudy . The fate of Izmail Matigulovich, naval and human, is still waiting for its researchers.
From the memoirs of I. M. Zaidulin’s nephew, retired captain of the 1st rank I. Chefonov: “Reliable information and archival documents about I. M. Zaidulins are offensively few. A Tatar by nationality, a native of Adjara, forever connected his life with the sea, with the navy, in 1922 he entered the school named after M.V. Frunze. He knew both the submarine and surface fleets. After college, he commanded torpedo and patrol boats, was a signalman on the Frunze destroyer, and then went through all the stages, from navigator to submarine commander. Simple and dignified in communication, he was an excellent storyteller, possessed a well-aimed and sharp word, spoke directly about everything, even when it could affect his service, and, apparently, it was reflected. I think that as a submariner he may well be characterized by the fact that until 1940 he already commanded four types of submarines - "M", "Shch", "L" and "D". In 1936, commanding Shch-123, he more than three times exceeded the established norm for autonomous navigation for this type of ship, for which the entire crew was awarded orders, and Zaidulin was awarded the Order of the Red Star. But tragic years followed for the command staff of the Red Army and Navy. Together with the commander of the 5th Naval Brigade, G. Kholostyakov, some submarine commanders were also arrested. But even that unjust court was forced to admit that they were not guilty of sabotage, espionage, terrorism and treason, that “Buk, Zaidulin, Bauman and Ivanovsky are not guilty of sabotage, but only allowed official negligence ... Sabotage in navigation in ice is false , since now all brigades swim like this. We were just the first…” After the release of Izmail Matigulovich, who did not lose faith in justice and the triumph of truth, in October 1939 he was appointed commander of the submarine D-2 of the Northern Fleet and only after 7 months was confirmed in this position. Maybe these events influenced the fact that none of the submariners for the historic campaign of 1940 was ever awarded. Zaidulin in a short time won the authority of a competent, decisive and courageous commander and, like no one else, was suitable for this difficult transition.
On July 22 - 24, in the Motovsky Bay, they tested all the mechanisms and devices of the Shch-423 submarine, checked the controllability in the underwater (at a depth of 45 meters) and on the surface, stability, and maneuverability, which turned out to be quite satisfactory. After completing the training, the crew was given a three-day rest. It was August 5, 1940. The ship arrived to see off Rear Admiral Drozd, who had just been removed from the post of commander of the Northern Fleet, and Rear Admiral Golovko, newly appointed to this post. At 13:15 the boat departed from the Polyarny Pier. The ice voyage has begun.
The Barents Sea met the submariners unfriendly - it was stormy, at times the boat fell into thick fog. The difficult situation immediately demanded maximum attention from people in maintaining the mechanisms and managing the ship. On this segment of the journey, the submarine repeatedly sank and surfaced - it was necessary to maintain the diving skills of the crew for the duration of the journey in the ice.
According to ice reconnaissance, there was solid ice in the southwestern part of the Kara Sea, and therefore the "pike" went through the Matochkin Shar Strait, where it met with the icebreaker "Lenin" (since 1965 "Vladimir Ilyich") and transport "L Serov", also included in the EON-10. The ships had 250 tons of various cargoes and fuel for the expedition, including in case of forced wintering. On "L. Serov" also housed an emergency repair party, headed by junior military engineer N. Fedorov. Here, the stern horizontal rudders were removed from the submarine, which took 12-16 hours to install in place if necessary.
The expedition was led by military engineer 1st rank I. Sendik, who knew the Northern Theater well. To study the conditions of navigation in the Arctic seas, analyze and generalize his experience, the ships of the detachment were a teacher of the Naval Academy, Captain 1st Rank E. Shvede, later a professor, Doctor of Naval Sciences, and a student of the VMA, Lieutenant Commander M. Bibeev.
In the Kara Sea, submariners received an ice baptism. On August 12, the ice situation worsened to 8–9 points. I even had to stop moving. When forcing coarse ice, the list sometimes reached 7–8 °, and the trim up to 5–6 °. For many hours on the bridge, open to the wind that burns the face, the commanders had to carry out their difficult watch. You can’t turn away or hide from it - you had to carefully monitor the maneuvers of the icebreaker, prevent a dangerous approach to it, fit into its wake, avoid ice floes that suddenly appear from under the stern of the icebreaker so that they do not fall under the propellers of the submarine . In such an environment, the skill of the commanders, the coherence of the actions of the mechanics, who quickly worked out the commands of the machine telegraphs, were tested. When viewed on Dikson, there were no special comments on the submarine, which is the main indicator of its skillful control in the ice. But the transport found a breakdown of one propeller blade.
We continued moving east on August 17 - at first through clear water on our own, and from Tyrtov Island through the Vilkitsky Strait, under the assistance of icebreakers, we entered the Laptev Sea. On this section of the route, the thickness of the ice already reached 3-4 meters. When compressed, ice blocks crawled onto the hull of the submarine, creating a roll of up to 10 °. All the sailors free from the watch more than once cleared the narrow icy deck and each time came out victorious in the fight against the ice element. The low temperature of the air and sea water, high humidity in the compartments worsened the living conditions on the ship, required great exertion of the physical strength of the sailors, but even here they found a way out - from the F. Litke, steam was supplied through the hose for heating and dried all the compartments.
In this difficult situation, the Serov transport lost 2 more propeller blades. I had to reload the property of the expedition in the Tiksi Bay to the ship "Volga", which followed further as part of the EON. On August 31, the flight was continued.
The New Siberian Islands are left behind, and the boat is already in the East Siberian Sea. After the Bear Islands, heavy multi-year ice became more and more compact, reaching 9 - 10 points. I had to use the help of the icebreaker "Admiral Lazarev". A particularly difficult situation developed between Capes Shelagsky and Billings. In some areas, the icebreakers saw off the submarine and the Volga in a short tow one by one. But even these obstacles were overcome, and the "pike" entered the Chukchi Sea through the Long Strait. The experience of the way passed in the ice had an effect - the commanders were better oriented in the ice situation, carried out maneuvers in a timely manner, acted more in coordination with the captains of the icebreakers. Soon the EON-10 vessels reached the Bering Strait. The personnel of Shch-423 were built on the deck, shots were fired from her cannons - a salute in honor of the conquest of the Arctic.
At the new theater, the northerners were met by a detachment of submarines of the Pacific Fleet under the command of Captain 2nd Rank F. Pavlov: L-7, L-8 and L-17. By the way, it was I. Zaidulin who commanded the L-7 in 1938-1939... And such a meeting with the native ship! Behind Cape Dezhnev Shch-423 again had to take a serious test of maritime training - the ship was caught by a severe storm. The roll reached the 46th, sometimes the wave completely covered the wheelhouse, but both people and equipment passed the test. On September 9, the expedition arrived in Provideniya Bay, having completed the passage by the Northern Sea Route.
The personnel were given rest, the sailors finally washed in the bath. Aft horizontal rudders were installed on the boat, its sign and trim were made, it passed one mile at periscope depth. On the seventh day they went to sea. The hike continued. After calling at Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and a short rest, Shch-423 entered the Sea of Okhotsk through the 1st Kuril Strait. Soon the submariners were warmly welcomed in Sovetskaya Gavan.
Finally, the last section of the route was passed, and on October 17, 1940, at 7 hours 59 minutes, Shch-423 anchored in the Golden Horn Bay in Vladivostok. The task of the Motherland was carried out with honor. Behind the stern were eight seas and two oceans, 7227 miles, of which 681 were covered in ice conditions. An evening dedicated to this heroic transition took place at the floating base Saratov. Ahead was service in the Pacific Fleet. From now on, Shch-423 entered the annals of the history of the Russian fleet forever. Subsequently, according to the results of the transition, it was decided to transfer cruiser boats K-21, K-22 and K-23 in this way from Leningrad to the Pacific Ocean, but the Great Patriotic War prevented this, and the Katyushas were left to fight in the north.
The command of the Pacific Fleet congratulated the crew on the completion of this historic voyage. The People's Commissar of the Navy announced gratitude to the entire crew of the ship and awarded the participants of the campaign with the badge "Excellent worker of the RKKF". There is evidence that the captain of the 2nd rank Zaidulin was allegedly presented to the title of Hero Soviet Union, then they changed their minds and awarded ... all the same badge "Excellent worker of the RKKF".
How did it work out in further fate participants in this legendary transition? Captain 2nd rank I. Zaidulin during the Great Patriotic War served in a submarine brigade, was a senior naval commander in Gelendzhik and commander of the OVR of the Kerch Naval Base. In 1943, he became chief of staff of the training division of submarines of the Northern Fleet, preparing commanders for navigation and combat activities in the difficult conditions of the Arctic. No wonder his famous submariner, Hero of the Soviet Union I. Fisanovich considered him a senior friend and mentor. In 1943-1944. Zaidulin is already in the Red Banner Baltic Fleet - first in the diving department, and then in the OVR. During the landing operation in the Vyborg Bay, a cover detachment under his command sank 3 enemy ships “... with very limited forces and especially fire weapons in the face of strong artillery opposition from enemy ships and coastal batteries. Personally, Comrade Zaidulin himself showed himself in this military operation as an experienced and courageous naval officer ... ”On August 26, he tragically died at sea on a boat mistakenly attacked by our aircraft, without knowing that he had been awarded the rank of captain of the 1st rank and awarded the order Patriotic War 1st degree. The same order of the 2nd degree and also posthumously awarded the captain-lieutenant A. Bystrov, who died a heroic death in the Black Sea Fleet. On the Red Banner Guards submarine D-3 of the Northern Fleet, captain of the 3rd rank M. Bibeev died, and on minesweeper No. 118 in the Kara Sea, foreman of the 2nd article N. Nesterenko.
But back to Shch-423. Upon arrival in the Far East, Shch-423 became part of the 33rd Battalion of the 3rd Submarine Brigade of the Pacific Fleet based in Nakhodka.
On the day the Great Patriotic War began, on June 22, 1941, Shch-423 was transferred to the 8th division of the 3rd brigade of submarines of the North Pacific Flotilla of the Pacific Fleet based on Sovetskaya Gavan. And on April 17, 1942, the submarine changed its name again. From now on, it became known as Shch-139.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War, the Pacific Fleet was considered rear, as it did not conduct combat operations. However, he suffered losses. In 1942, one after the other, two "babies" disappeared without a trace while going to sea. Presumably, both hit our own defensive minefields. Then another tragedy. On July 18, 1942, a powerful explosion thundered at the Shch-138 stationed in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. The reason for it was the detonation of the spare torpedo charging compartments in the 2nd compartment. The ship sank instantly, taking the lives of 35 crew members.
The Shch-118, which was standing next to it, also suffered. The suspicion that a sabotage occurred on the submarine intensified after it was found out that the assistant commander of the boat, Lieutenant P.S. Egorov, who was on the shore at the time of the explosion, had committed suicide. This gave reason to believe that it was he who committed sabotage and blew up the submarine. On September 29, the "pike" was raised with the help of the Telman rescue ship, but, taking into account the large amount of destruction, it was not restored.
On August 31, 1943, during night torpedo firing in America Bay, due to a gross violation by the Shch-128 commander of the rules of navigation, his boat rammed into the side of the Shch-130, which sank at a depth of 36 meters. Three days later, she was raised by the rescue ship Nakhodka. The personnel, with the exception of two who died in the collision, miraculously remained intact. The ship was repaired and commissioned in less than six months.
By the beginning of 1945, Shch-139 was part of the 2nd separate division of submarines of the Pacific Fleet and was based at the Vladimir-Oltanskaya naval base. The division was commanded at that moment not by anyone, but by one of the most legendary submariners of the Soviet Union, Captain 1st Rank A.V. Tripolsky. Tripolsky's name thundered throughout the country back in 1940, when he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for military deeds during the Soviet-Finnish war. During the Great Patriotic War, Tripolsky's experience was used to the fullest extent. In 1942, it was he who commanded the most difficult transition of a detachment of Pacific submarines across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans to the Northern Fleet. Prior to this, our submariners have never carried out such ocean crossings. Then another, no less important mission was entrusted to Tripolsky. He supervised the acceptance and transition from England to Polyarny of the B-type submarines handed over to us by the British, and after that he successfully commanded a division of these boats, personally going on military campaigns, and sinking enemy ships.
In the spring of 1945, it was no coincidence that Captain 1st Rank Tripolsky again ended up in the Pacific Fleet, in the position of commander of the pike division. There was simply no other second submariner with such vast ocean experience at that time in our fleet. Who, no matter how Trypolsky, to bring our submarines to the ocean for battles with the Japanese fleet!
The chief of staff of the 2nd separate division was a "native Pacific" and an experienced submariner, captain of the 2nd rank M.I. Kislov. Shch-139 itself was commanded by that time Lieutenant Commander I. A. Prydatko. But things on one of the most famous boats of the Pacific Fleet were already far from being as brilliant as they served in her best, as they say, "slipshod".
From the testimony of the former commander of the division, captain of the 2nd rank Mironov: “Before the arrival of Prydatko, Shch-319 was one of the best boats in the division, the personnel were soldered, the discipline on the ship was quite satisfactory, the organization of the service was good. With the advent of Prydatko, the discipline and organization of service on the ship deteriorated noticeably. The personnel and officers were opposed to him. Did not conduct educational work with personnel. By his activities on the shore, he undermined the authority of the officer - he sent personnel to collective farms "to earn money for the commander." He himself went with his subordinates "to work" on collective farms. When dividing the earnings, he argued with the personnel and almost got into fights. Spread gossip about higher commanders. He did not enjoy authority among the personnel and officers of both his own boat and other submarines. Prydatko's personal discipline was low; in 1944 he had 8 disciplinary action, and many offenses were limited to verbal instruction and instruction. Basically, all penalties were for poor organization on the ship. The ship was kept dirty, there was no struggle for the cleanliness of the ship.
From the special report of the special department of the NKVD for the Pacific Fleet: “The ship had serious shortcomings in the maintenance of the materiel, especially the engine and hold groups, as well as torpedo and artillery weapons. Precise equipment was not wiped with alcohol for 5–6 months, at the same time, when alcohol was dispensed on the boat for these purposes, Pridatko spent it for other purposes. The stern horizontal rudders were wedged by 15 degrees, as a result of which there were repeated cases of unacceptable trim of the submarine up to 30 degrees, which helped to lead to the death of the ship. Knowing this, Prydatko did not take any measures to eliminate the defects.
Witness Korneev this issue testified: “Once I remember a case, commander Pridatko did not release alcohol to wipe the batteries for a month and a half. Sergeant Major Samarin was forced to write about this in the battery log. When checking by divisional specialists, it was found that alcohol on the submarine was not used by the commander for its intended purpose.
Being in the next dock repair in December, Prydatko, despite the requirements of the commander of the BCH-1 senior lieutenant Cheremisin for a thorough check of the acoustic equipment installed by Svyazmortrest, did not provide a thorough check of the installation, rushing to go to his family in Rakushka Bay. Subsequently, it turned out that Svyazmortrest installed faulty acoustic equipment, the acoustic readings were incorrect, which was one of the reasons for the collision of a submarine with a boat during exercises in 1944.
In March 1944, due to the fault of Prydatko, there was a collision with a boat of the Ministry of Defense, as a result of which the boat and the boat were out of order for a long time, and the material damage to the state was determined in the amount of 100,000 rubles.
In October 1944, Prydatko, having invited specialists from plant No. 202, master Silchenko, builder Dorenko and senior master Morozov, to the boat, organized group drinking in the battery compartment of the boat. During the drinking, they smoked and burned matches, which could also lead to the death of the ship.
Witness Silchenko on this issue testified: “When we entered the boat, we went to the 3rd compartment, sat down to eat. Prydatko brought a can of alcohol and poured us alcohol in a mug, 300 grams each. Then the alcohol was diluted and drunk. Soon Prydatko poured us two more mugs. In the process of drinking, Prydatko gave me a pack of cigarettes, then took out a second pack and began to treat us. I, as well as the mechanic Uvarov, noticed Prydatko that it was forbidden to smoke on the boat, to which Prydatko said: “Who is the boss here? Since I allow it, smoke.” The mechanic then ventilated the boat.
Pridatko lit matches and gave us a light. I smoked, Prydatko, Dorenko and the paramedic. The drinking went on for four hours, Prydatko got drunk to an insensible state.
On December 3, 1944, on a ship submerged, as a result of a short circuit due to insulation failure, a fire broke out in the battery compartment, which could lead to the death of the ship, only due to the fact that the fire was quickly detected and eliminated, the death of the ship was prevented. When investigating this fact, it was found that the insulation failure occurred as a result of the fact that the battery batteries were poorly fixed, staggered, the square with insulating rubber touched the battery case. Prydatko, as a commander, knowing about this, did not take measures to eliminate it. The systematic leakage of solarium from pipelines in the area of the 3rd compartment also contributed to the fire. To eliminate the leak, 144 square meters were required. see plantar skin. Pridatko, despite repeated requests from the electricians of the boat, did not take any measures to eliminate this serious malfunction during the year. They went out to sea with a faulty pipeline system, hanging a jar of canned meat in the place where the solarium leaked. Prydatko hid the case of fire from the command, did not submit an extraordinary report on the emergency.
Pridatko at the investigation on this issue testified: “I did not submit an extraordinary report, therefore, in order not to show an extra case of an emergency on the boat and division.”
On the issue of the fire, witness Panarin testified: “With the outbreak of fire, things were transferred from the 3rd compartment to us in the 4th, and we began to transfer them to the 5th compartment. The fire lasted 10–15 minutes. There was a lot of smoke, especially in the central post, the smoke spread to other compartments. After the fire was extinguished, they surfaced and ventilated the submarine. I personally know that a solarium was leaking from the solar line and the 3rd compartment, and under the drops of the solarium they put a can of canned meat, approximately in the region of the 33rd frame, i.e., in the immediate vicinity of the battery.
Prior to taking command of the ship Prydatko Shch-319 was one of the best in the division. Prydatko, during his command, ruined the discipline and organization of service on the ship, drank, violated disciplinary practices, the ship's personnel used in a number of cases for personal purposes, putting personal interests above state ones.
Witness Patskov testified on this issue: “Prydatko put personal files above official ones and many times removed the personnel from boat work and ordered them to carry firewood to the apartment and saw them. I personally repeatedly had to carry and cut firewood in Prydatko's apartment. In addition, in 1944, in the spring, Prydatko ordered me, Pechenitsyn, Klyuev, Morozov and others to dig a garden with uprooting for him. The personnel did not want to serve under the command of Prydatko, expressed a desire to sign off with Shch-319. Prydatko often drank on the ship, I remember an incident in October 1944 at plant No. 202. Prydatko invited the workers of Dalzavol to the 3rd compartment, they drank, got drunk to the point of insensibility, smoked, burned matches and rowdy. With this, Prydatko lost his authority with the personnel.
Needless to say, the Shch-319 commander looks like an unsympathetic person. Any weak and poorly trained ship commander is a huge flaw in his direct superiors. Still, after all, expensive equipment and military weapons fall into the hands of a random person, the fate of dozens of people depends on him! In such a situation, which had developed by the spring of 1945 on Shch-319, something had to happen, and it did.
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From the author's bookSubmarine Pustovoitenko Nikolai Kupriyanovich Submarine M-32 Submarine type "M" XII series was laid down on August 31, 1938 at the shipyard No. 112 ("Krasnoe Sormovo") in Gorky under slipway number 259. railway
Development draft design Submarine of series III of medium displacement with torpedo-artillery armament, called "Pike", was carried out at NTMK with the participation of specialists in submarine shipbuilding B.M. Malinin and K.I. Ruberovsky. By the end of the work, S.A. Bazilevsky joined it.
The main tactical and technical elements of the Schuka submarine were approved at a meeting held under the leadership of the head of the Navy, R.A. Muklevich, on November 1, 1928. The development of the project of the Technical Bureau No. 4 was completed by the end of 1929.
A one and a half hull (with boules) submarine of riveted design was intended for mass construction. Therefore, when developing the project, much attention was paid to its all-round reduction in cost. It was supposed to replace the block assembly of submarines in the workshop, in the most favorable conditions to increase labor productivity and reduce costs.
The first version of the design assignment provided for the division of the durable hull of the submarine "Pike" into 5 compartments. The strength of all light flat bulkheads was calculated to be only 2 atm. The submarine, in the event of flooding of any compartment, would remain afloat, tk. its buoyancy reserve (22%) exceeded the volume of the largest of them - the bow. At the same time, calculations showed that when the bow compartment is flooded, if the main ballast tank adjacent to it is filled, a trim of more than 80 degrees will be formed. Therefore, the bow compartment was divided into two by an additional bulkhead installed between the torpedo tubes and spare torpedoes. The estimated trim after that decreased by about 10 degrees, which was considered satisfactory.
A simplified form of the light hull was adopted. Unlike the submarine of the "Leninets" type, it covered only two-thirds of the length of the strong hull. The main ballast tanks were located in the boules (hemispherical attachments) that ran along the sides, and the bow and stern tanks were located at the ends of the light hull. Only the medium tank, leveling tank and quick dive tank were inside the strong hull. This provided a simpler technology, a greater width of the main ballast tanks, and facilitated their assembly and riveting.
However, the Boolean form of the light hull of the medium submarine had both advantages over two- and one-and-a-half-hull submarines of the Decembrist and Leninets types, as well as disadvantages (it worsened propulsion). Tests of the head submarine of series III showed that at full speed two systems of transverse waves were formed in it: one was created by the main contours of the hull and extremities, the other by boules. Therefore, their interference should have increased the resistance to movement. Therefore, the shape of the boules for submarines of this type of subsequent series was improved. Their bow was pointed and raised up to the level of the waterline. By this, the entire system of transverse waves formed by the boules was shifted somewhat forward, further from resonance with the waves from the main body.
For submarines of the III series, a straight stem was adopted. In subsequent series of submarines of this type, it was replaced by an inclined, curved model of the submarine of the "Decembrist" type.
In the final version, the solid hull of the Shch type submarine of series III was divided by flat bulkheads into 6 compartments.
The first (nose) compartment is a torpedo one. It housed 4 torpedo tubes (two vertically and horizontally) and 4 spare torpedoes on racks.
The second compartment is battery. In the pits, covered with a removable flooring made of wooden shields, 2 groups of AB were located (56 elements of the "KSM" type each). In the upper part of the compartment were living quarters, under the battery pits - fuel tanks.
The third compartment is the central post, a solid cabin was installed above it, covered with a fence with a bridge.
In the fourth compartment, 2 four-stroke compressorless diesel engines of 600 hp were placed. with their mechanisms, systems, gas valves and devices.
The fifth compartment was occupied by 2 main propulsion motors of 400 hp each. and 2 electric motors of an economic course of 20 hp, which were connected to two propeller shafts belt elastic transmission, which contributed to the reduction of noise.
In the sixth (stern) compartment there were 2 torpedo tubes (located horizontally).
In addition to torpedo armament, the submarine had an anti-aircraft 37-mm semi-automatic gun and 2 machine guns of 7.62 mm caliber.
During the construction of the first submarines of the Shch type, sufficient attention was not paid to the phenomenon of hull compression by external water pressure. Insignificant on submarines of the "Bars" type with their shallower diving depth and large reserves of rigidity, it caused serious trouble on submarines under construction. For example, during the first deep-sea dive of the Shch-type submarine, the fillet of the aft torpedo-loading hatch was deformed. The resulting leak was a continuous veil of water, beating under great pressure because of the facing square, which connected the skin of the fillet with a strong body. Truth. The thickness of the water shroud was no more than 0.2 mm, but the length exceeded 1 m. Of course, such a leak did not create a threat of flooding of the 6th compartment, but the very fact of its appearance testified to the insufficient rigidity of the structure, compensating for the elliptical cutout in the robust body of a rather large length (cut several frames). In addition, the appearance of a leak had a negative psychological impact on the personnel. In this regard, it is appropriate to quote the words of one of the most experienced Soviet submariners: “Apparently, even a person far from underwater service can easily imagine what a powerful jet of water means, rushing under enormous pressure into a submarine located at a depth. There is nowhere to go from it
Either stop her at all costs or die. Of course, submariners always choose the first, no matter what it costs each of them."
The structure in the area of the junction of the fillet with the solid body was reinforced with additional removable beams.
Even in the process of testing the submarine "Decembrist" attention was drawn to the strong burying of the nose of the submarine into the oncoming wave at full surface speed. There were no deck tanks on the Shch-type submarines, as well as on the L-type submarines, and this further increased their desire for burying. Only later did it become obvious that such a phenomenon is inevitable for all submarines in the surface position and is caused by their low reserve of buoyancy. But when creating the submarines of the first series, they tried to fight this by increasing the buoyancy of the bow. For this purpose, a special "buoyancy tank" was installed on the submarine of the "Shch" type, filled, like the entire superstructure, through scuppers (holes with gratings), but equipped with ventilation valves for the main ballast bow tank. However, this only led to a reduction in the pitching period and an increase in its amplitude: after a sharp rise to the wave, the submarine's nose also fell sharply down and burrowed into its sole. Therefore, later on the submarines of the "Shch" type, the bow "buoyancy tanks" were eliminated.
The main ballast tanks were filled with outboard water by gravity through the kingstones located in special enclosures in the lower part of the light hull. They had only manual drives. The ventilation valves of these tanks were controlled by both pneumatic remote drives and manual drives.
Excessive simplification and the desire to reduce the cost led to the decision to abandon the series III submarines from blowing the tanks of the main ballast with turbochargers, replacing blowing with pumping centrifugal pumps. But this replacement turned out to be unsuccessful: the duration of the process of removing the main ballast increased to 20 minutes. This was absolutely unacceptable, and turbochargers were again installed on submarines of the Shch type. Later, on all submarines of this type, for the first time in domestic submarine shipbuilding, blowers were replaced by blowing the main ballast with diesel exhaust gases (low-pressure air system). Diesel engines in this case were driven by the main propulsion motor and acted as a compressor.
So 3 submarines of series III - "Pike", "Perch" and "Ruff" were laid down on February 5, 1930 in the presence of a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, head of the Navy R.A. Muklevich. He commented on the Shch-type submarines in this way: "We have the opportunity for this submarine to start a new era in our shipbuilding. This will provide an opportunity to acquire skills and train the necessary personnel for the deployment of production."
The builder of the submarines "Pike" and "Perch" was M.L. Kovalsky, the submarine "Ruff" - K.I. Grinevsky. The responsible deliverer of these three submarines under construction in Leningrad was G.M. Trusov, the delivery mechanic was K.F. Ignatiev. The state selection committee was headed by Ya.K. Zubarev.
The first 2 submarines entered service with the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea on October 14, 1933. A.P. Shergin and D.M. Kosmin became their commanders, and I.G. Milyashkin and I.N. Peterson became mechanical engineers.
The third submarine "Yorsh" was commissioned by the Baltic Fleet on November 25, 1933. A.A. Vitkovsky took command of it, V.V. Semin became a mechanical engineer.
The fourth submarine of series III was supposed to be called "Ide". But at the beginning of 1930, the Komsomol members of the country took the initiative to build one submarine for the 13-1 anniversary of the October Revolution and call it Komsomolets. They collected 2.5 million rubles for the construction of the submarine. The solemn laying ceremony was attended by the Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR S.S. Kamenev and the Secretary of the Komsomol S.A. Saltanov on February 23, 1930. The builder of this submarine was P.I. Pakhomov On May 2, 1931, the submarine was launched and then delivered along the Mariinsky water system to Leningrad for completion.
On August 15, 1934, the submarine "Komsomolets" was accepted from industry, and on August 24 it was enlisted in the Baltic Fleet. Its first commander was K.M. Bubnov, mechanical engineer - G.N. Kokilev.
TACTICAL - TECHNICAL ELEMENTS OF PLATES OF TYPE "SH" SERIES III
Displacement surface / underwater 572 t / 672 t
Length 57 m
Width overall 6.2 m
Surface draft 3.76 m
The number and power of the main diesel engines 2 x 600 hp
Number and power of the main electric motors 2 x 400 hp
Full surface speed 11.5 knots
Full speed underwater 8.5 knots
Surface cruising range at full speed 1350 miles (9 knots)
Surface cruising range at economic speed 3130 miles (8.5 knots)
Cruising range underwater economic speed 112 miles (2.8 knots)
Autonomy 20 days
Operating depth 75 m
Maximum immersion depth 90 m
Armament: 4 bow and 2 stern torpedoes, total ammunition 10 torpedoes
One 45 mm gun (500 rounds)
In accordance with the decision of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Government of the USSR in 1932, the construction of 12 submarines of the Shch type for the Pacific Ocean began. The first 4 submarines ("Karas", "Bream", "Karp" and "Burbot") were laid on March 20. At first, the new series began to be called submarines of the "Karas" type of series III, then the submarines of the "Pike" type - bis and, finally, the submarines of the "Pike" type of series V (in November 1933, the submarine "Karas" was named "Salmon").
On submarines of series III, the strength of the bulkhead between the first and second compartments was calculated, like other bulkheads, for an underwater accident. But the method of approximate calculation, which was used at the same time, did not take into account the possible overdeepening of the submarine when moving with trim. Therefore, another transverse bulkhead (at the 31st frame) was added to the submarine of the "Shch" series V, dividing the second compartment into two. As a result, the battery groups were isolated from each other, which increased the survivability of the battery. At the same time, the aft bulkhead of the bow compartment was moved 2 spaces into the bow (from the 24th to the 22nd frame).
It should be noted that electric welding was used in the manufacture of inter-compartment bulkheads. It was also used in the manufacture of some tanks and foundations of individual mechanisms inside a strong case. Electric welding was persistently introduced into submarine shipbuilding.
The total number of compartments of the V-series submarines increased to 7. However, spare torpedoes without charging compartments had to be stored in the second compartment, to assemble them before firing from the port side torpedo tubes (No. 2 and No. of the starboard devices (No. 1 and No. 3) to make the appropriate hatches in the new bulkhead.
The middle tank was moved to the double-hull space, which made it possible to lighten its design by increasing the test pressure by a factor of three.
These design changes were also dictated by the need to transport submarines of the Shch type to the Far East. Therefore, at the same time, the cutting of the skin and the set of a strong hull were changed, which was made of eight sections that corresponded to the railway dimensions.
The length of the V series submarine was increased by 1.5 m, resulting in a slight increase in displacement (592 tons / 716 tons). This was also facilitated by the installation of a second 45-mm gun and a doubling of ammunition (up to 1000 shells).
G.M. Trusov was the main builder of submarines of type "Shch" of series V. The idea of delivery to the Pacific Ocean in sections with subsequent assembly on site belonged to engineer P.G. Goinkis. The manufacture and shipment of sections was provided by K.F. Terletsky, who went to the Far East and supervised the assembly of submarines together with P.G. Goinkis.
The first railway echelon with sections of the V-series submarines was sent to the Far East on June 1, 1932. By the end of the year, 7 V-series submarines were in service. Their appearance in the Pacific Ocean caused serious concern to the Japanese government. Japanese newspapers launched the following information: "The Bolsheviks brought several worthless old submarines to Vladivostok."
In total, by the end of 1933, the Pacific Fleet received 8 submarines of the Shch type, series V (the acceptance certificate for the eighth submarine Trout, later Shch-108, was approved on April 5, 1934). An intense plan to put them into operation shipbuilding industry fulfilled by 112%.
G.N. Kholostyakov became the commander of the head submarine "Losos" of the V series (later "Shch-101"), which joined the MSDV on November 26, 1933, and V.V. Filippov became the mechanical engineer. The permanent commission for its testing and acceptance was headed by A.K. Vekman. On December 22, an act was signed by the Revolutionary Military Council of the Naval Forces of the Far East on the completion with overfulfillment of the program for commissioning submarines in 1933.
A further modification of the submarines of the "Sch" type was the submarines of the V-bis series (originally the VII series), V-bis 2, X and X-bis. Separate design changes were made to them, which improved survivability, the interior of mechanisms and devices, and somewhat increased tactical and technical elements. More advanced electronic navigation devices, communications and hydroacoustics were installed.
Of the 13 submarines of the V-bis series, 8 submarines were built for the Pacific Fleet, 2 submarines for the KBF, 3 submarines for the Black Sea Fleet. Of the 14 submarines of the V-bis series, 2 each 5 submarines received the KBF and Pacific Fleet, 4 submarines received the Black Sea Fleet.
By the time of designing the submarines of the V-bis series, it became possible to increase the power of the main diesel engines by 35% with virtually no change in their mass and dimensions. Together with the improvement in the shape of the boules, this gave an increase in the surface speed of the submarine by more than 1.5 knots. The lead submarine of the V-bis series "Militant Atheist", built with funds from voluntary contributions from members of this society, was laid down in November 1932 (builder and responsible deliverer - I.G. Milyashkin). When the KBF entered service on July 19, 1935, the submarine was given a new name "Lin" ("Shch-305"). The second submarine of the V-bis series was the Semga submarine ("Shch-308").
On submarines of the "Sch" type of the V - bis 2 series, the bow contours were somewhat improved by lengthening the boules. To store spare torpedoes in the assembly, the aft bulkhead of the second compartment (on the 31st frame) was made unusual - not vertical, but stepped along the profile, its upper part (above the battery pit) was moved one spacing into the stern.
The strength of the bulkheads of the central post, now located in the fourth compartment, was designed for 6 atm.
5 submarines of the V-bis 2 series - "Cod" (head, "Shch-307"), "Haddock" ("Shch-306"), "Dolphin" ("Shch-309"), "Belukha" ("Shch- 310") and "Kumzha" ("Sch-311") were laid down on the eve of the 16th anniversary of the October Revolution - November 6, 1933. The first two of them entered service with the Red Banner Baltic Fleet on August 17, 1935, the third - on November 20, 1935 The commander of one of the submarines of the V series - bis 2 described his submarine as follows: "equipped with the latest electrical navigation devices for that time, the Shch-309" ("Dolphin") submarine could sail in any weather far from its bases, both at sea and and in the ocean.
Possessing powerful torpedo armament, as well as systems, devices and devices that provide a covert exit to a torpedo attack, the submarine was able to act against large enemy warships, detect them in a timely manner - this allowed its surveillance equipment. The submarine radio station guaranteed stable communication with the command at a great distance from their bases.
Finally, the expedient arrangement of instruments and mechanisms in the submarine ensured not only the successful use and preservation of its survivability, but also the rest of personnel in their free time from duty.
The strength and reliability of submarines were tested in the harsh battles of the war of 1941-1945. The commander of the same submarine Shch-309 wrote about it from the fierce pursuit of his submarine by enemy anti-submarine ships in 1942: having let a single drop of water inside, she continued to carry out military service. And this is a considerable merit of the builders of the submarine."
Before the creation of the X-series submarines (first V-bis 3), the industry began to produce improved diesel engines of the 35-K-8 brand with an 800 hp power. at 600 rpm. As a result, the surface speed of the new Shch-type submarines increased by 0.5 knots compared to the V-bis series submarines. A slight increase in underwater speed was facilitated by the installation of a so-called limousine-shaped cabin on them, characterized by the inclination of its walls to the bow and stern. However, when sailing on the surface, especially in fresh weather, this form of felling allowed the oncoming wave to easily roll along the inclined wall and flood the navigation bridge. To eliminate this, on some submarines of the X series, reflective visors were installed that diverted the oncoming wave towards the side.
The measures taken to increase the surface and underwater speed of the Shch type submarines, however, did not give the desired results: the X-series submarines had the highest speed - 14.12 knots / 8.62 knots. "Pikes are good for everyone, only their move is too small. Sometimes it leads to distressing situations when the discovered convoy has to be accompanied only by strong expressions - the lack of speed did not allow reaching the salvo point," such was the opinion of the Hero of the Soviet Union I.A. Kolyshkin, a veteran of the Northern Fleet, in which the submarines of the "Shch" type of the X series operated during the war years.
One of the most serious problems in submarine shipbuilding has always been the supply of fresh water to submarines, because this directly affected its autonomy. Even during the construction of the "D" type submarine, the question was raised of creating an electric distiller capable of satisfying the crew's need for fresh water for drinking and cooking, as well as distilled water for topping up the batteries. For a long time the solution of this problem was difficult due to the insufficient reliability of the heating elements and the high consumption of electricity. But in the end, both issues were resolved: firstly, by improving the technology and quality of thermal insulation, and secondly, by introducing more complete heat recovery from waste water and steam. At the same time, ways were found to give desalinated water the desired taste and supply it with those microelements, without which the normal functioning of the human body is impossible. The first sample of the electric desalination plant, which met the requirements, was installed on a submarine of the "Shch" type of the X series.
The lead submarine of the X series "Sch-127" was laid down on July 23, 1934. It was built for the Pacific Fleet. On the same day, the construction of another submarine of the X series ("Shch-126") began. The first 4 submarines of this series entered service with the Pacific Fleet on October 3, 1936.
In total, the industry gave the USSR Navy 32 submarines of the Shch type of the X series, which were distributed among the fleets as follows:
KBF - 15 PL, Black Sea Fleet - 8 PL, Pacific Fleet - 9 PL.
Before the start of the war, 75 submarines of the Shch type of series II, V, V - bis, V - bis -2 and x were put into operation. 13 submarines of the X-bis series were under construction, of which 9 submarines were enrolled in the Navy until the end of the war.
In total, out of 88 submarines that the industry built, 86 submarines entered the USSR Navy, two submarines were dismantled after the war for ship repair.
Despite some shortcomings, submarines of the Shch type had high tactical and technical elements than foreign submarines of similar types, they were distinguished by their simplicity of design, the reliability of mechanisms, systems and devices, and they had a large margin of safety. They could sink and emerge with a wave of up to 6 points, did not lose their seaworthiness in a storm of 9 - 10 points. They were equipped with Mars-type noise direction finders and Vega-type sound communication equipment with a range of 6 to 12 miles.
"Having 10 torpedoes, a Shch-type submarine 60 meters long could sink a battleship or an aircraft carrier in the ocean. Due to their relatively small size, Shch-type submarines were very agile and almost elusive for submarine hunters"
For submarines of this type of different series, an extremely eventful fate was characteristic, in which the definition common to many of them - "the first" - is most often repeated.
The first submarines of the Naval Forces of the Far East (since January 11, 1935, - Pacific Fleet) were the submarines "Salmon" ("Shch-11", since 1934 - "Shch-101") and "Bream" ("Shch-12", from 1934 - "Shch-102") of the V series, which raised the naval flag on September 23, 1933. Subsequently, the lead submarine of the Pacific Fleet under the command of D.G. Chernov took first place based on the results of combat and political training and was awarded an honorary Komsomol badge. An enlarged image of him, cast in bronze, was fixed on the cabin of the submarine. Not a single warship was awarded such a distinction.
At the beginning of 1934, the submarine "Bream" (commander A.T. Zaostrovtsev), leaving the bay for combat training, was the first to sail under the ice, passing about 5 miles. In the same year, the submarines "Karp" ("Shch-13", later "Shch-103") and "Burbot" ("Shch-14", later "Shch-104"), commanded by N.S. Ivanovsky and S. .S. Kudryashov, were the first to make a long-distance training trip along the coast of Primorye. During the long voyage, the equipment worked flawlessly.
In March - April 1935, the Shch-117 (Mackerel) submarine, the lead submarine of the V-bis series, was in autonomous navigation, the commander of which was N.P. Egipko.
In August - November, she completed a long trip of the submarine "Sch-118" ("Mullet"), the commander of which was A.V. Buk.
In the second half of the same year, the submarine "Shch-103" ("Karp") of the V series under the command of E.E. Poltavsky made a continuous 58-hour underwater voyage, passing more than 150 miles under the electric motors of an economical course, which significantly exceeded the design norm.
In 1936, People's Commissar of Defense K.E. Voroshilov set the task for submariners - to work out the navigation of submarines for their full autonomy. Among the submariners, a movement of innovators has unfolded to increase the standards of autonomy established in the design. To do this, it was necessary to find ways to increase the supply of fuel, fresh water, and food on the submarine, in combination with training in the habitability of personnel.
Practice has shown that submarines of the Shch type had large hidden reserves. The submariners of the Pacific Fleet, for example, managed to increase autonomy in comparison with the norm by 2 - 3.5 times. Submarine "Sch-117" (commander N.P. Egipko) was at sea for 40 days (at a rate of 20 days), also setting a record for staying under water on the move - 340 hours 35 minutes. During this time, Shch-117 covered 3022.3 miles, of which 315.6 miles were under water. The entire personnel of this submarine was awarded orders. This submarine became the first ship in the Soviet Navy with a fully decorated crew.
In March - May of the same year, the submarine "Sch-122" ("Saida") of series V - bis-2 under the command of A.V. Buk was on a 50-day autonomous campaign, in April - June - the submarine "Shch-123" ("Eel") of the same series under the command of I.M. Zainullin. Her campaign lasted 2.5 months - one and a half times longer than the Shch-122 submarine and almost 2 times longer than the Shch-117 submarine.
In July - September, the submarines "Shch-119" ("Beluga") series V - bis and "Shch-121" ("Zubatka") series V - bis-2 made a long trip.
In August - September, 5 submarines of the Shch type, accompanied by the Saratov mother ship, under the command of Captain 2nd Rank G.N. Kholostyakov, carried out a long joint voyage. They were the first in the history of submarines to visit Okhotsk, Magadan and other settlements in the Sea of Okhotsk.
In the period from September 14 to December 25, 1936, they completed a 103-day trip of the submarine "Shch-113" ("Sterlet") series V - bis, commanded by M.S. Klevensky. The same submarine was the first to go under diesel engines at periscope depth for an hour. Air for the operation of diesel engines was supplied through a corrugated hose (its upper end was fixed at the head of the anti-aircraft periscope, and the lower end was connected to the external ventilation valve of the surge tank) through the internal ventilation valve of the tank. This curious experiment was carried out to find out the possibility of scuba diving diesel submarines without consuming electricity reserves.
Up to 40 days (on average) the autonomy of submarines of the Shch type of the X series in the Baltic fleet was increased.
In 1936, a division of such submarines under the command of Captain 2nd Rank N.E. Eikhbaum spent 46 days on the campaign. The new terms of autonomy of the most numerous submarines of the Shch type in the Soviet Navy, doubled compared to the previous ones, were officially approved by the People's Commissar of Defense.
In 1937, the submarine "Shch-105" ("Keta") of the V series under the command of Captain 3rd Rank A.T. Chebanenko was first used in the Far East for scientific voyages. While sailing in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, she carried out gravimetric surveys - the determination of the acceleration of gravity on the earth's surface.
Among the first submarines of the Northern Fleet were "Shch-313" ("Shch-401"), "Shch-314" ("Shch-402"), "Shch-315" ("Shch-403"), "Shch-316" ("Sch-404") of the X series, which arrived in 1937 from the Baltic to the North. The following year, the submarines "Shch-402" and "Shch-404" took part in the rescue operation of the first in the history of the Arctic research station "North Pole".
Submarines "Shch-402" (commander lieutenant commander B.K. Bakunin), "Shch-403" (commander lieutenant commander F.M. Eltishchev) and "Shch-404" (commander lieutenant commander V.A. Ivanov ) were among the first four Soviet submarines that were the first to sail in 1939 from the Arctic to the North Sea. In the Barents Sea, they withstood the most severe storm (wind force reached 11 points). On the Shch-404 submarine, several metal sheets of the light hull superstructure and an underwater anchor were torn off by waves, but none of the submarine mechanisms failed.
Submarines of the Shch type successfully withstood a severe combat test during the Soviet-Finnish war in the winter of 1939-1940. They are the first of Soviet ships used their weapons. The combat account was opened by the submarine "Shch-323" of the X series under the command of Art. Lieutenant F.I. Ivantsov, sinking the Kassari transport (379 brt) on December 10 in stormy conditions with artillery shells. At the end of the same day, the crew of the Shch-322 submarine under the command of Lieutenant Commander V.A. Poleshchuk won. The torpedo sank the transport "Reinbek" (2804 brt), which did not stop for inspection in the Gulf of Bothnia. The submarine "Shch-311" ("Kumzha") of series V - bis-2 under the command of Lieutenant Commander F.G. Vershinin successfully operated in the Gulf of Bothnia. On December 28, on the approaches to the port of Vasa, she damaged the Siegfried transport in packed ice, and a few hours later destroyed the Vilpas transport (775 brt) with shells and torpedoes.
Submarine "Sch-324" of the X series, commanded by Captain 3rd Rank A.M. Konyaev, when leaving the Gulf of Bothnia on January 19, for the first time in a combat situation, crossed the Serda-Kvarken Strait (South Kvarken) under the ice, breaking 20 miles.
On February 7, 1940, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the Shch-311 submarine with the Order of the Red Banner. She was (along with the S-1 submarine) one of the first Red Banner submarines in the USSR Navy.
On April 21, 1940 "Shch-324" became the third Red Banner submarine. This submarine of the X series made, in the period from August 5 to September 9, 1940, the first in the history of diving by the Northern Sea Route from the Polar to the Bay of Reduction (Bering Sea). She was commanded by the captain of the 3rd rank I.M. Zainullin, the military engineer of the 1st rank G.N.Soloviev was a mechanical engineer. On October 17, the Shch-423 submarine entered Vladivostok. She passed through 8 seas and became the first submarine that passed along the northern and eastern maritime borders of the USSR throughout their entire length.
It should be noted that the Shch-212 and Shch-213 submarines of the Black Sea Fleet were the first Soviet submarines equipped in 1940 with bubbleless torpedo firing devices (BIS). At the same time, after the release of the torpedoes from the TA, as it was before, an air bubble did not appear on the sea surface, which unmasked the torpedo attack and the location of the submarine.
The first of the Soviet submarines in the Great Patriotic War was the combat success of the Shch-402 submarine of the X series (commander senior lieutenant N.G. Stolbov) of the Northern Fleet. On July 14, 1941, she sank an enemy transport by penetrating into the roadstead of the port of Honningsvåg. The first result in anti-submarine warfare was achieved by the crew of the Shch-307 submarine of the V-bis-2 series (commander captain-lieutenant N.I. Petrov) of the KBF. On August 10, 1941, the German submarine "U-144" was sunk by her in the area of the Soelazund Strait.
Of the submarines of the Black Sea Fleet, the submarine "Shch-211" of the X series (commander captain-lieutenant A.D. Devyatko) was the first to succeed, having sunk the transport "Peles" on August 15, 1941 (5708 brt).
Painting by Oleg Yudin: Submarine "Pike" X-series
The first ships of the Soviet Navy in the war, awarded the state award - the Order of the Red Banner, were two. One of them is the Shch-323 submarine (commander lieutenant commander F.I. Ivantsov) of the KBF.
In 1942, for the first time, a KBF submarine had to break through a powerful enemy anti-submarine line in the Gulf of Finland. The first to successfully complete this task was the submarine Shch-304 (Komsomolets), commanded by Captain 3rd Rank Ya.P. Afanasiev. This last submarine of the III series showed high combat stability under the blows of various types of anti-submarine weapons. She broke through the minefield, she was attacked more than once and mercilessly pursued by enemy ships. Shch-322 crossed the lines of enemy mines 22 times, was attacked by aircraft 7 times and fired upon by coastal artillery three times, had 7 encounters with enemy patrol ships, two with German submarines. She was pursued 14 times by enemy anti-submarine ships, dropping over 150 depth charges. Submarine "Shch-304" returned from a campaign with a victory, having sunk on June 15, 1942, near the Porcallan-Kalboda lighthouse, the floating base of motorized minesweepers MRS-12 (the former transport ship "Nuremberg" with a displacement of 5635 gross tons. In the same year, the submarine "Shch- 101 "(" Salmon ") of the V series of the Pacific Fleet was equipped with an onboard mine device, which made it possible to receive 40 mines of PLT. At the same time, she retained her torpedo armament.
Of the three submarines of the KBF, awarded the guards title on March 1, 1943, 2 submarines of the "Shch" type - "Shch-303" ("Ruff") series III and "Shch-309" ("Dolphin") series V-bis-2 . On the same day, the submarine "Sch-205" ("Nerpa") of the series - bis-2 became the first guards submarine of the Black Sea Fleet.
In 1943, the first to overcome the anti-submarine defense of the enemy reinforced by the enemy in the Gulf of Finland was the guards submarine Shch-303. She reached the Nargen-Porkallaudd position, where the enemy additionally installed 2 lines of steel anti-submarine nets, along which ship patrols were deployed, and underwater sonar stations operated on the flanks. Submarine "Shch-303" stubbornly tried to break through the anti-submarine net barrier, which the German command gave the name "Walros". She was repeatedly entangled in nets, subjected to fierce attacks by enemy ships and aircraft. Berlin radio hastened to report the sinking of the Soviet submarine, but she returned safely to the base. During the military campaign, more than two thousand depth charges were dropped on it. Many times the submarine corps touched mine minrepov. The average stay under water is 23 hours a day.
The submarine "Shch-318" of the X series of the KBF, commanded by Captain 3rd Rank L.A. Loshkarev, also had a chance to pass the test of structural strength in extreme situations.
At about 4 o'clock in the morning on February 10, 1945, off the coast of Courland, at the time of an urgent dive, she was rammed by a German ship that suddenly appeared from the snowy haze. The blow fell on the stern of the left side of the submarine. The stern horizontal rudders were wedged, a trim was formed on the stern, and the Shch-318 began to rapidly fail. After an emergency blowing of the main ballast, it was possible to stop its fall at a depth of 65 m. The submarine practically could not move under water - the vertical rudder was also disabled. It was possible to maintain a given depth only with the help of bow horizontal rudders, and the course - by changing the mode of operation of the propeller motors. An hour later, when the hydroacoustic reported that the "horizon" was clear, Shch-318 surfaced. The water around the submarine, the upper deck and the bridge were covered with a layer of solarium. The damage received as a result of a ramming strike turned out to be significant: the drives of the aft horizontal rudders and the vertical rudder were broken, and the latter was wedged in the port side position, the aft ballast tank was pierced, and the left aft TA was damaged. Troubleshooting at sea was out of the question. Returning to the base, the submarine could only be on the surface, constantly at risk of meeting with enemy anti-submarine forces. The subordinates of the commander of the BC-5, engineer-captain-lieutenant N.M. Gorbunov, kept the submarine on a given course by changing the speed of each of the two diesel engines. On February 14, Shch-318 independently arrived in Turku, where the Soviet submarines of the KBF were based after Finland left the war. "Sch-318" withstood the test of strength, while the German transport "August Schulze" ("Ammerland - 2") with a displacement of 2452 gross tons, which rammed her, sank on the same day from the received damage.
During the Great Patriotic War, Shch-type submarines sank 99 enemy ships with a total displacement of 233488 gross tons, 13 warships and auxiliary ships, damaged 7 ships with a total displacement of 30884 gross tons and one minesweeper. On their combat account, 30% of the enemy's sunk and damaged tonnage. Soviet submarines of other types did not have such a result.
The most successful have been:
Submarine "Shch-421" series X (commanders captain 3rd rank N.A. Lunin and captain-lieutenant F.A. Vidyaev) of the Northern Fleet sank 7 transports with a total displacement of 22175 brt;
Submarine "Shch-307" ("Cod") - the lead submarine of series V - bis-2 (commanders captain-lieutenants N.O. Momot and M.S. Kalinin) of the Baltic Fleet sank 7 ships with a total displacement of 17225 gross weight;
Submarine "Shch-404" series X (commander captain 2nd rank V.A. Ivanov) of the Northern Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 16,000 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-407" of the X-bis series (commander captain-lieutenant P.I. Bocharov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 13775 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-402" of the X series (commanders captain 3rd rank N.G. Stolbov and A.M. Kautsky) of the Northern Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 13482 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-309" sank 13775 brt;
Submarine "Sch-402" of the X series (commanders captains 3rd rank I.S. Kabo and P.P. Vetchinkin) of the Baltic Fleet sank 4 ships with a total displacement of 12457 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-211" series X (commander lieutenant commander A.D. Devyatko) Black Sea Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 11862 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-303" ("Yorsh" _) of series III (commanders captain-lieutenant I.V. Travkin and captain 3rd rank E.A. Ignatiev) of the Baltic Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 11844 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-406" - the lead submarine of the X-bis series (commander captain 3rd rank E.Ya. Osipov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 11660 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-310" of the V-bis-2 series (commanders captains of the 3rd rank D.K. Yaroshevich and S.N. Bogorad) of the Baltic Fleet sank 7 ships with a total displacement of 10995 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-317" of the X series (commander Lieutenant Commander N.K. Mokhov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 10931 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-320" series X (commander captain 3rd rank I.M. Vishnevsky) of the Baltic Fleet sank 3 ships with a total displacement of 10095 gross tons.
They were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the submarines Shch-307, Shch-310, Shch-320, Shch-323, Shch-406 of the KBF, Shch-201, Shch-209 Black Sea Fleet, Shch-403, Shch-404, Shch-421 of the Northern Fleet.
They were awarded the guards rank of submarines Shch-303, Shch-309, the Baltic Fleet, Shch-205, Shch-215 of the Black Sea Fleet, Shch-422 of the Northern Fleet, and the submarine Shch-402 of the Northern Fleet became Red Banner Guards Ship.
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The development of a draft design of a submarine of series III of medium displacement with torpedo-artillery weapons, called "Pike", was carried out at NTMK with the participation of submarine shipbuilding specialists B.M. Malinin and K.I. Ruberovsky. By the end of the work, S.A. Bazilevsky joined it.
The main tactical and technical elements of the Schuka submarine were approved at a meeting held under the leadership of the head of the Navy R.A. Muklevich on November 1, 1828. The development of the project of the Technical Bureau No. 4 was completed by the end of 1929.
A one and a half hull (with boules) submarine of riveted design was intended for mass construction. Therefore, when developing the project, much attention was paid to its all-round reduction in cost. It was supposed to replace the block assembly of submarines in the workshop, in the most favorable conditions to increase labor productivity and reduce costs.
The first version of the design assignment provided for the division of the durable hull of the submarine "Pike" into 5 compartments. The strength of all light flat bulkheads was calculated to be only 2 atm. The submarine, in the event of flooding of any compartment, would remain afloat, tk. its buoyancy reserve (22%) exceeded the volume of the largest of them - the bow. At the same time, calculations showed that when the bow compartment is flooded, if the main ballast tank adjacent to it is filled, a trim of more than 80 degrees will be formed. Therefore, the bow compartment was divided into two by an additional bulkhead installed between the torpedo tubes and spare torpedoes. The estimated trim after that decreased by about 10 degrees, which was considered satisfactory.
A simplified form of the light hull was adopted. Unlike the submarine of the "Leninets" type, it covered only two-thirds of the length of the strong hull. The main ballast tanks were located in the boules (hemispherical attachments) that ran along the sides, and the bow and stern tanks were located at the ends of the light hull. Only the medium tank, leveling tank and quick dive tank were inside the strong hull. This provided a simpler technology, a greater width of the main ballast tanks, and facilitated their assembly and riveting.
However, the Boolean form of the light hull of the medium submarine had both advantages over two- and one-and-a-half-hull submarines of the Decembrist and Leninets types, as well as disadvantages (it worsened propulsion). Tests of the head submarine of series III showed that at full speed two systems of transverse waves were formed in it: one was created by the main contours of the hull and extremities, the other by boules. Therefore, their interference should have increased the resistance to movement. Therefore, the shape of the boules for submarines of this type of subsequent series was improved. Their bow was pointed and raised up to the level of the waterline. By this, the entire system of transverse waves formed by the boules was shifted somewhat forward, further from resonance with the waves from the main body.
For submarines of the III series, a straight stem was adopted. In subsequent series of submarines of this type, it was replaced by an inclined, curved model of the submarine of the "Decembrist" type.
In the final version, the solid hull of the Shch type submarine of series III was divided by flat bulkheads into 6 compartments.
The first (nose) compartment is a torpedo one. It housed 4 torpedo tubes (two vertically and horizontally) and 4 spare torpedoes on racks.
The second compartment is battery. In the pits, covered with a removable flooring made of wooden shields, 2 groups of AB were located (56 elements of the "KSM" type each). In the upper part of the compartment were living quarters, under the battery pits - fuel tanks.
The third compartment is the central post, a solid cabin was installed above it, covered with a fence with a bridge.
In the fourth compartment, 2 four-stroke compressorless diesel engines of 600 hp were placed. with their mechanisms, systems, gas valves and devices.
The fifth compartment was occupied by 2 main propulsion motors of 400 hp each. and 2 electric motors of an economic course of 20 hp each, which were connected to two propeller shafts by an elastic belt drive, which helped to reduce noise.
In the sixth (stern) compartment there were 2 torpedo tubes (located horizontally).
In addition to torpedo armament, the submarine had an anti-aircraft 37-mm semi-automatic gun and 2 machine guns of 7.62 mm caliber.
During the construction of the first submarines of the Shch type, sufficient attention was not paid to the phenomenon of hull compression by external water pressure. Insignificant on submarines of the "Bars" type with their shallower diving depth and large reserves of rigidity, it caused serious trouble on submarines under construction. For example, during the first deep-sea dive of the Shch-type submarine, the fillet of the aft torpedo-loading hatch was deformed. The resulting leak was a continuous veil of water, beating under great pressure because of the facing square, which connected the skin of the fillet with a strong body. Truth. The thickness of the water shroud was no more than 0.2 mm, but the length exceeded 1 m. Of course, such a leak did not create a threat of flooding of the 6th compartment, but the very fact of its appearance testified to the insufficient rigidity of the structure, compensating for the elliptical cutout in the robust body of a rather large length (cut several frames). In addition, the appearance of a leak had a negative psychological impact on the personnel. In this regard, it is appropriate to quote the words of one of the most experienced Soviet submariners: “Apparently, even a person far from underwater service can easily imagine what a powerful jet of water means, rushing under enormous pressure into a submarine located at a depth. There is nowhere to go from it
Either stop her at all costs or die. Of course, submariners always choose the first, no matter what it costs each of them."
The structure in the area of the junction of the fillet with the solid body was reinforced with additional removable beams.
Even in the process of testing the submarine "Decembrist" attention was drawn to the strong burying of the nose of the submarine into the oncoming wave at full surface speed. There were no deck tanks on the Shch-type submarines, as well as on the L-type submarines, and this further increased their desire for burying. Only later did it become obvious that such a phenomenon is inevitable for all submarines in the surface position and is caused by their low reserve of buoyancy. But when creating the submarines of the first series, they tried to fight this by increasing the buoyancy of the bow. For this purpose, a special "buoyancy tank" was installed on the submarine of the "Shch" type, filled, like the entire superstructure, through scuppers (holes with gratings), but equipped with ventilation valves for the main ballast bow tank. However, this only led to a reduction in the pitching period and an increase in its amplitude: after a sharp rise to the wave, the submarine's nose also fell sharply down and burrowed into its sole. Therefore, later on the submarines of the "Shch" type, the bow "buoyancy tanks" were eliminated.
The main ballast tanks were filled with outboard water by gravity through the kingstones located in special enclosures in the lower part of the light hull. They had only manual drives. The ventilation valves of these tanks were controlled by both pneumatic remote drives and manual drives.
Excessive simplification and the desire to reduce the cost led to the decision to abandon the series III submarines from blowing the tanks of the main ballast with turbochargers, replacing blowing with pumping centrifugal pumps. But this replacement turned out to be unsuccessful: the duration of the process of removing the main ballast increased to 20 minutes. This was absolutely unacceptable, and turbochargers were again installed on submarines of the Shch type. Later, on all submarines of this type, for the first time in domestic submarine shipbuilding, blowers were replaced by blowing the main ballast with diesel exhaust gases (low-pressure air system). Diesel engines in this case were driven by the main propulsion motor and acted as a compressor.
So 3 submarines of series III - "Pike", "Perch" and "Ruff" were laid down on February 5, 1930 in the presence of a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, head of the Navy R.A. Muklevich. He commented on the Shch-type submarines in this way: "We have the opportunity for this submarine to start a new era in our shipbuilding. This will provide an opportunity to acquire skills and train the necessary personnel for the deployment of production."
The builder of the submarines "Pike" and "Perch" was M.L. Kovalsky, the submarine "Ruff" - K.I. Grinevsky. The responsible deliverer of these three submarines under construction in Leningrad was G.M. Trusov, the delivery mechanic was K.F. Ignatiev. The state selection committee was headed by Ya.K.Zubarev.
The first 2 submarines entered service with the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea on October 14, 1933. A.P. Shergin and D.M. Kosmin became their commanders, and I.G. Milyashkin and I.N. Peterson became mechanical engineers.
The third submarine "Yorsh" was commissioned by the Baltic Fleet on November 25, 1933. A.A. Vitkovsky took command of it, V.V. Semin became a mechanical engineer.
The fourth submarine of series III was supposed to be called "Ide". But at the beginning of 1930, the Komsomol members of the country took the initiative to build one submarine for the 13-1 anniversary of the October Revolution and call it Komsomolets. They collected 2.5 million rubles for the construction of the submarine. The solemn laying ceremony was attended by the Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR S.S. Kamenev and the Secretary of the Komsomol S.A. Saltanov on February 23, 1930. The builder of this submarine was P.I. Pakhomov On May 2, 1931, the submarine was launched and then delivered along the Mariinsky water system to Leningrad for completion.
On August 15, 1934, the submarine "Komsomolets" was accepted from industry, and on August 24 it was enlisted in the Baltic Fleet. Its first commander was K.M. Bubnov, mechanical engineer - G.N. Kokilev.
TACTICAL - TECHNICAL ELEMENTS OF PLATES OF TYPE "SH" SERIES III
Displacement surface / underwater 572 t / 672 t
Length 57 m
Width overall 6.2 m
Surface draft 3.76 m
The number and power of the main diesel engines 2 x 600 hp
Number and power of the main electric motors 2 x 400 hp
Full surface speed 11.5 knots
Full speed underwater 8.5 knots
Surface cruising range at full speed 1350 miles (9 knots)
Surface cruising range at economic speed 3130 miles (8.5 knots)
Cruising range underwater economic speed 112 miles (2.8 knots)
Autonomy 20 days
Operating depth 75 m
Maximum immersion depth 90 m
Armament: 4 bow and 2 stern torpedoes, total ammunition 10 torpedoes
One 45 mm gun (500 rounds)
In accordance with the decision of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Government of the USSR in 1932, the construction of 12 submarines of the Shch type for the Pacific Ocean began. The first 4 submarines ("Karas", "Bream", "Karp" and "Burbot") were laid on March 20. At first, the new series began to be called submarines of the "Karas" type of series III, then the submarines of the "Pike" type - bis and, finally, the submarines of the "Pike" type of series V (in November 1933, the submarine "Karas" was named "Salmon").
On submarines of series III, the strength of the bulkhead between the first and second compartments was calculated, like other bulkheads, for an underwater accident. But the method of approximate calculation, which was used at the same time, did not take into account the possible overdeepening of the submarine when moving with trim. Therefore, another transverse bulkhead (at the 31st frame) was added to the submarine of the "Shch" series V, dividing the second compartment into two. As a result, the battery groups were isolated from each other, which increased the survivability of the battery. At the same time, the aft bulkhead of the bow compartment was moved 2 spaces into the bow (from the 24th to the 22nd frame).
It should be noted that electric welding was used in the manufacture of inter-compartment bulkheads. It was also used in the manufacture of some tanks and foundations of individual mechanisms inside a strong case. Electric welding was persistently introduced into submarine shipbuilding.
The total number of compartments of the V-series submarines increased to 7. However, spare torpedoes without charging compartments had to be stored in the second compartment, to assemble them before firing from the port side torpedo tubes (No. 2 and No. of the starboard devices (No. 1 and No. 3) to make the appropriate hatches in the new bulkhead.
The middle tank was moved to the double-hull space, which made it possible to lighten its design by increasing the test pressure by a factor of three.
These design changes were also dictated by the need to transport submarines of the Shch type to the Far East. Therefore, at the same time, the cutting of the skin and the set of a strong hull were changed, which was made of eight sections that corresponded to the railway dimensions.
The length of the V series submarine was increased by 1.5 m, resulting in a slight increase in displacement (592 tons / 716 tons). This was also facilitated by the installation of a second 45-mm gun and a doubling of ammunition (up to 1000 shells).
G.M. Trusov was the main builder of submarines of type "Shch" of series V. The idea of delivery to the Pacific Ocean in sections with subsequent assembly on site belonged to engineer P.G. Goinkis. The manufacture and shipment of sections was provided by K.F. Terletsky, who went to the Far East and supervised the assembly of submarines together with P.G. Goinkis.
The first railway echelon with sections of the V-series submarines was sent to the Far East on June 1, 1932. By the end of the year, 7 V-series submarines were in service. Their appearance in the Pacific Ocean caused serious concern to the Japanese government. Japanese newspapers launched the following information: "The Bolsheviks brought several worthless old submarines to Vladivostok."
In total, by the end of 1933, the Pacific Fleet received 8 submarines of the Shch type, series V (the acceptance certificate for the eighth submarine Trout, later Shch-108, was approved on April 5, 1934). The shipbuilding industry fulfilled the tense plan for putting them into operation by 112%.
G.N. Kholostyakov became the commander of the head submarine "Losos" of the V series (later "Shch-101"), which joined the MSDV on November 26, 1933, and V.V. Filippov became the mechanical engineer. The permanent commission for its testing and acceptance was headed by A.K. Vekman. On December 22, an act was signed by the Revolutionary Military Council of the Naval Forces of the Far East on the completion with overfulfillment of the program for commissioning submarines in 1933.
A further modification of the submarines of the "Sch" type was the submarines of the V-bis series (originally the VII series), V-bis 2, X and X-bis. Separate design changes were made to them, which improved survivability, the interior of mechanisms and devices, and somewhat increased tactical and technical elements. More advanced electronic navigation devices, communications and hydroacoustics were installed.
Of the 13 submarines of the V-bis series, 8 submarines were built for the Pacific Fleet, 2 submarines for the KBF, 3 submarines for the Black Sea Fleet. Of the 14 submarines of the V-bis series, 2 each 5 submarines received the KBF and Pacific Fleet, 4 submarines received the Black Sea Fleet.
By the time of designing the submarines of the V-bis series, it became possible to increase the power of the main diesel engines by 35% with virtually no change in their mass and dimensions. Together with the improvement in the shape of the boules, this gave an increase in the surface speed of the submarine by more than 1.5 knots. The lead submarine of the V-bis series "Militant Atheist", built with funds from voluntary contributions from members of this society, was laid down in November 1932 (builder and responsible deliverer - I.G. Milyashkin). When the KBF entered service on July 19, 1935, the submarine was given a new name "Lin" ("Shch-305"). The second submarine of the V-bis series was the Semga submarine ("Shch-308").
On submarines of the "Sch" type of the V - bis 2 series, the bow contours were somewhat improved by lengthening the boules. To store spare torpedoes in the assembly, the aft bulkhead of the second compartment (on the 31st frame) was made unusual - not vertical, but stepped along the profile, its upper part (above the battery pit) was moved one spacing into the stern.
The strength of the bulkheads of the central post, now located in the fourth compartment, was designed for 6 atm.
5 submarines of the V-bis 2 series - "Cod" (head, "Shch-307"), "Haddock" ("Shch-306"), "Dolphin" ("Shch-309"), "Belukha" ("Shch- 310") and "Kumzha" ("Sch-311") were laid down on the eve of the 16th anniversary of the October Revolution - November 6, 1933. The first two of them entered service with the Red Banner Baltic Fleet on August 17, 1935, the third - on November 20, 1935 The commander of one of the submarines of the V series - bis 2 described his submarine as follows: "equipped with the latest electrical navigation devices for that time, the Shch-309" ("Dolphin") submarine could sail in any weather far from its bases, both at sea and and in the ocean.
Possessing powerful torpedo armament, as well as systems, devices and devices that provide a covert exit to a torpedo attack, the submarine was able to act against large enemy warships, detect them in a timely manner - this allowed its surveillance equipment. The submarine radio station guaranteed stable communication with the command at a great distance from their bases.
Finally, the expedient arrangement of instruments and mechanisms in the submarine ensured not only the successful use of weapons and the preservation of their survivability, but also the rest of personnel in their free time from duty.
The strength and reliability of submarines were tested in the harsh battles of the war of 1941-1945. The commander of the same submarine Shch-309 wrote about it from the fierce pursuit of his submarine by enemy anti-submarine ships in 1942: having let a single drop of water inside, she continued to carry out military service. And this is a considerable merit of the builders of the submarine."
Before the creation of the X-series submarines (first V-bis 3), the industry began to produce improved diesel engines of the 35-K-8 brand with an 800 hp power. at 600 rpm. As a result, the surface speed of the new Shch-type submarines increased by 0.5 knots compared to the V-bis series submarines. A slight increase in underwater speed was facilitated by the installation of a so-called limousine-shaped cabin on them, characterized by the inclination of its walls to the bow and stern. However, when sailing on the surface, especially in fresh weather, this form of felling allowed the oncoming wave to easily roll along the inclined wall and flood the navigation bridge. To eliminate this, on some submarines of the X series, reflective visors were installed that diverted the oncoming wave towards the side.
The measures taken to increase the surface and underwater speed of the Shch type submarines, however, did not give the desired results: the X-series submarines had the highest speed - 14.12 knots / 8.62 knots. "Pikes are good for everyone, only their move is too small. Sometimes it leads to distressing situations when the discovered convoy has to be accompanied only by strong expressions - the lack of speed did not allow reaching the salvo point," such was the opinion of the Hero of the Soviet Union I.A. Kolyshkin, a veteran of the Northern Fleet, in which the submarines of the "Shch" type of the X series operated during the war years.
One of the most serious problems in submarine shipbuilding has always been the supply of fresh water to submarines, because this directly affected its autonomy. Even during the construction of the "D" type submarine, the question was raised of creating an electric distiller capable of satisfying the crew's need for fresh water for drinking and cooking, as well as distilled water for topping up the batteries. For a long time, the solution to this problem was difficult due to the insufficient reliability of the heating elements and the high consumption of electricity. But in the end, both issues were resolved: firstly, by improving the technology and quality of thermal insulation, and secondly, by introducing more complete heat recovery from waste water and steam. At the same time, ways were found to give desalinated water the desired taste and supply it with those microelements, without which the normal functioning of the human body is impossible. The first sample of the electric desalination plant, which met the requirements, was installed on a submarine of the "Shch" type of the X series.
The lead submarine of the X series "Sch-127" was laid down on July 23, 1934. It was built for the Pacific Fleet. On the same day, the construction of another submarine of the X series ("Shch-126") began. The first 4 submarines of this series entered service with the Pacific Fleet on October 3, 1936.
In total, the industry gave the USSR Navy 32 submarines of the Shch type of the X series, which were distributed among the fleets as follows:
KBF - 15 PL, Black Sea Fleet - 8 PL, Pacific Fleet - 9 PL.
Before the start of the war, 75 submarines of the Shch type of series II, V, V - bis, V - bis -2 and x were put into operation. 13 submarines of the X-bis series were under construction, of which 9 submarines were enrolled in the Navy until the end of the war.
In total, out of 88 submarines that the industry built, 86 submarines entered the USSR Navy, two submarines were dismantled after the war for ship repair.
Despite some shortcomings, submarines of the Shch type had high tactical and technical elements than foreign submarines of similar types, they were distinguished by their simplicity of design, the reliability of mechanisms, systems and devices, and they had a large margin of safety. They could sink and emerge with a wave of up to 6 points, did not lose their seaworthiness in a storm of 9 - 10 points. They were equipped with Mars-type noise direction finders and Vega-type sound communication equipment with a range of 6 to 12 miles.
"Having 10 torpedoes, a Shch-type submarine 60 meters long could sink a battleship or an aircraft carrier in the ocean. Due to their relatively small size, Shch-type submarines were very agile and almost elusive for submarine hunters"
For submarines of this type of different series, an extremely eventful fate was characteristic, in which the definition common to many of them - "the first" - is most often repeated.
The first submarines of the Naval Forces of the Far East (since January 11, 1935, - Pacific Fleet) were the submarines "Salmon" ("Shch-11", since 1934 - "Shch-101") and "Bream" ("Shch-12", from 1934 - "Shch-102") of the V series, which raised the naval flag on September 23, 1933. Subsequently, the lead submarine of the Pacific Fleet under the command of D.G. Chernov took first place based on the results of combat and political training and was awarded an honorary Komsomol badge. An enlarged image of him, cast in bronze, was fixed on the cabin of the submarine. Not a single warship was awarded such a distinction.
At the beginning of 1934, the submarine "Bream" (commander A.T. Zaostrovtsev), leaving the bay for combat training, was the first to sail under the ice, passing about 5 miles. In the same year, the submarines "Karp" ("Shch-13", later "Shch-103") and "Burbot" ("Shch-14", later "Shch-104"), commanded by N.S. Ivanovsky and S. .S. Kudryashov, were the first to make a long-distance training trip along the coast of Primorye. During the long voyage, the equipment worked flawlessly.
In March - April 1935, the Shch-117 (Mackerel) submarine, the lead submarine of the V-bis series, was in autonomous navigation, the commander of which was N.P. Egipko.
In August - November, she completed a long trip of the submarine "Sch-118" ("Mullet"), the commander of which was A.V. Buk.
In the second half of the same year, the submarine "Shch-103" ("Karp") of the V series under the command of E.E. Poltavsky made a continuous 58-hour underwater voyage, passing more than 150 miles under the electric motors of an economical course, which significantly exceeded the design norm.
In 1936, People's Commissar of Defense K.E. Voroshilov set the task for submariners - to work out the navigation of submarines for their full autonomy. Among the submariners, a movement of innovators has unfolded to increase the standards of autonomy established in the design. To do this, it was necessary to find ways to increase the supply of fuel, fresh water, and food on the submarine, in combination with training in the habitability of personnel.
Practice has shown that submarines of the Shch type had large hidden reserves. The submariners of the Pacific Fleet, for example, managed to increase autonomy in comparison with the norm by 2 - 3.5 times. Submarine "Sch-117" (commander N.P. Egipko) was at sea for 40 days (at a rate of 20 days), also setting a record for staying under water on the move - 340 hours 35 minutes. During this time, Shch-117 covered 3022.3 miles, of which 315.6 miles were under water. The entire personnel of this submarine was awarded orders. This submarine became the first ship in the history of the Soviet Navy with a fully decorated crew.
In March - May of the same year, the submarine "Sch-122" ("Saida") of series V - bis-2 under the command of A.V. Buk was on a 50-day autonomous campaign, in April - June - the submarine "Shch-123" ("Eel") of the same series under the command of I.M. Zainullin. Her campaign lasted 2.5 months - one and a half times longer than the Shch-122 submarine and almost 2 times longer than the Shch-117 submarine.
In July - September, the submarines "Shch-119" ("Beluga") series V - bis and "Shch-121" ("Zubatka") series V - bis-2 made a long trip.
In August - September, 5 submarines of the Shch type, accompanied by the Saratov mother ship, under the command of Captain 2nd Rank G.N. Kholostyakov, carried out a long joint voyage. They were the first in the history of submarines to visit Okhotsk, Magadan and other settlements in the Sea of Okhotsk.
In the period from September 14 to December 25, 1936, they completed a 103-day trip of the submarine "Shch-113" ("Sterlet") series V - bis, commanded by M.S. Klevensky. The same submarine was the first to go under diesel engines at periscope depth for an hour. Air for the operation of diesel engines was supplied through a corrugated hose (its upper end was fixed at the head of the anti-aircraft periscope, and the lower end was connected to the external ventilation valve of the surge tank) through the internal ventilation valve of the tank. This curious experiment was carried out to find out the possibility of scuba diving diesel submarines without consuming electricity reserves.
Up to 40 days (on average) the autonomy of submarines of the Shch type of the X series in the Baltic fleet was increased.
In 1936, a division of such submarines under the command of Captain 2nd Rank N.E. Eikhbaum spent 46 days on the campaign. The new terms of autonomy of the most numerous submarines of the Shch type in the Soviet Navy, doubled compared to the previous ones, were officially approved by the People's Commissar of Defense.
In 1937, the submarine "Shch-105" ("Keta") of the V series under the command of Captain 3rd Rank A.T. Chebanenko was first used in the Far East for scientific voyages. While sailing in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, she carried out gravimetric surveys - the determination of the acceleration of gravity on the earth's surface.
Among the first submarines of the Northern Fleet were "Shch-313" ("Shch-401"), "Shch-314" ("Shch-402"), "Shch-315" ("Shch-403"), "Shch-316" ("Sch-404") of the X series, which arrived in 1937 from the Baltic to the North. The following year, the submarines "Shch-402" and "Shch-404" took part in the rescue operation of the first in the history of the Arctic research station "North Pole".
Submarines "Shch-402" (commander lieutenant commander B.K. Bakunin), "Shch-403" (commander lieutenant commander F.M. Eltishchev) and "Shch-404" (commander lieutenant commander V.A. Ivanov ) were among the first four Soviet submarines that were the first to sail in 1939 from the Arctic to the North Sea. In the Barents Sea, they withstood the most severe storm (wind force reached 11 points). On the Shch-404 submarine, several metal sheets of the light hull superstructure and an underwater anchor were torn off by waves, but none of the submarine mechanisms failed.
Submarines of the Shch type successfully withstood a severe combat test during the Soviet-Finnish war in the winter of 1939-1940. They were the first of the Soviet ships to use their weapons. The combat account was opened by the submarine "Shch-323" of the X series under the command of Art. Lieutenant F.I. Ivantsov, sinking the Kassari transport (379 brt) on December 10 in stormy conditions with artillery shells. At the end of the same day, the crew of the Shch-322 submarine under the command of Lieutenant Commander V.A. Poleshchuk won. The torpedo sank the transport "Reinbek" (2804 brt), which did not stop for inspection in the Gulf of Bothnia. The submarine "Shch-311" ("Kumzha") of series V - bis-2 under the command of Lieutenant Commander F.G. Vershinin successfully operated in the Gulf of Bothnia. On December 28, on the approaches to the port of Vasa, she damaged the Siegfried transport in packed ice, and a few hours later destroyed the Vilpas transport (775 brt) with shells and torpedoes.
Submarine "Sch-324" of the X series, commanded by Captain 3rd Rank A.M. Konyaev, when leaving the Gulf of Bothnia on January 19, for the first time in a combat situation, crossed the Serda-Kvarken Strait (South Kvarken) under the ice, breaking 20 miles.
On February 7, 1940, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the Shch-311 submarine with the Order of the Red Banner. She was (along with the S-1 submarine) one of the first Red Banner submarines in the USSR Navy.
On April 21, 1940 "Shch-324" became the third Red Banner submarine. This submarine of the X series made, in the period from August 5 to September 9, 1940, the first in the history of diving by the Northern Sea Route from the Polar to the Bay of Reduction (Bering Sea). She was commanded by the captain of the 3rd rank I.M. Zainullin, the military engineer of the 1st rank G.N.Soloviev was a mechanical engineer. On October 17, the Shch-423 submarine entered Vladivostok. She passed through 8 seas and became the first submarine that passed along the northern and eastern maritime borders of the USSR throughout their entire length.
It should be noted that the Shch-212 and Shch-213 submarines of the Black Sea Fleet were the first Soviet submarines equipped in 1940 with bubbleless torpedo firing devices (BIS). At the same time, after the release of the torpedoes from the TA, as it was before, an air bubble did not appear on the sea surface, which unmasked the torpedo attack and the location of the submarine.
The first of the Soviet submarines in the Great Patriotic War was the combat success of the Shch-402 submarine of the X series (commander senior lieutenant N.G. Stolbov) of the Northern Fleet. On July 14, 1941, she sank an enemy transport by penetrating into the roadstead of the port of Honningsvåg. The first result in anti-submarine warfare was achieved by the crew of the Shch-307 submarine of the V-bis-2 series (commander captain-lieutenant N.I. Petrov) of the KBF. On August 10, 1941, the German submarine "U-144" was sunk by her in the area of the Soelazund Strait.
Of the submarines of the Black Sea Fleet, the submarine "Shch-211" of the X series (commander captain-lieutenant A.D. Devyatko) was the first to succeed, having sunk the transport "Peles" on August 15, 1941 (5708 brt).
The first ships of the Soviet Navy in the war, awarded the state award - the Order of the Red Banner, were two. One of them is the Shch-323 submarine (commander lieutenant commander F.I. Ivantsov) of the KBF.
In 1942, for the first time, a KBF submarine had to break through a powerful enemy anti-submarine line in the Gulf of Finland. The first to successfully complete this task was the submarine Shch-304 (Komsomolets), commanded by Captain 3rd Rank Ya.P. Afanasyev. This last submarine of the III series showed high combat stability under the blows of various types of anti-submarine weapons. She broke through the minefield, she was attacked more than once and mercilessly pursued by enemy ships. Shch-322 crossed the lines of enemy mines 22 times, was attacked by aircraft 7 times and fired upon by coastal artillery three times, had 7 encounters with enemy patrol ships, two with German submarines. She was pursued 14 times by enemy anti-submarine ships, dropping over 150 depth charges. Submarine "Shch-304" returned from a campaign with a victory, having sunk on June 15, 1942, near the Porcallan-Kalboda lighthouse, the floating base of motorized minesweepers MRS-12 (the former transport ship "Nuremberg" with a displacement of 5635 gross tons. In the same year, the submarine "Shch- 101 "(" Salmon ") of the V series of the Pacific Fleet was equipped with an onboard mine device, which made it possible to receive 40 mines of PLT. At the same time, she retained her torpedo armament.
Of the three submarines of the KBF, awarded the guards title on March 1, 1943, 2 submarines of the "Shch" type - "Shch-303" ("Ruff") series III and "Shch-309" ("Dolphin") series V-bis-2 . On the same day, the submarine "Sch-205" ("Nerpa") of the series - bis-2 became the first guards submarine of the Black Sea Fleet.
In 1943, the first to overcome the anti-submarine defense of the enemy reinforced by the enemy in the Gulf of Finland was the guards submarine Shch-303. She reached the Nargen-Porkallaudd position, where the enemy additionally installed 2 lines of steel anti-submarine nets, along which ship patrols were deployed, and underwater sonar stations operated on the flanks. Submarine "Shch-303" stubbornly tried to break through the anti-submarine net barrier, which the German command gave the name "Walros". She was repeatedly entangled in nets, subjected to fierce attacks by enemy ships and aircraft. Berlin radio hastened to report the sinking of the Soviet submarine, but she returned safely to the base. During the military campaign, more than two thousand depth charges were dropped on it. Many times the submarine corps touched mine minrepov. The average stay under water is 23 hours a day.
The submarine "Shch-318" of the X series of the KBF, commanded by Captain 3rd Rank L.A. Loshkarev, also had a chance to pass the test of structural strength in extreme situations.
At about 4 o'clock in the morning on February 10, 1945, off the coast of Courland, at the time of an urgent dive, she was rammed by a German ship that suddenly appeared from the snowy haze. Ular fell into the stern of the left side of the submarine. The stern horizontal rudders were wedged, a trim was formed on the stern, and the Shch-318 began to rapidly fail. After an emergency blowing of the main ballast, it was possible to stop its fall at a depth of 65 m. The submarine practically could not move under water - the vertical rudder was also disabled. It was possible to maintain a given depth only with the help of bow horizontal rudders, and the course - by changing the mode of operation of the propeller motors. An hour later, when the hydroacoustic reported that the "horizon" was clear, Shch-318 surfaced. The water around the submarine, the upper deck and the bridge were covered with a layer of solarium. The damage received as a result of a ramming strike turned out to be significant: the drives of the aft horizontal rudders and the vertical rudder were broken, and the latter was wedged in the port side position, the aft ballast tank was pierced, and the left aft TA was damaged. Troubleshooting at sea was out of the question. Returning to the base, the submarine could only be on the surface, constantly at risk of meeting with enemy anti-submarine forces. The subordinates of the commander of the BC-5, engineer-captain-lieutenant N.M. Gorbunov, kept the submarine on a given course by changing the speed of each of the two diesel engines. On February 14, Shch-318 independently arrived in Turku, where the Soviet submarines of the KBF were based after Finland left the war. "Sch-318" withstood the test of strength, while the German transport "August Schulze" ("Ammerland - 2") with a displacement of 2452 gross tons, which rammed her, sank on the same day from the received damage.
During the Great Patriotic War, Shch-type submarines sank 99 enemy ships with a total displacement of 233488 gross tons, 13 warships and auxiliary ships, damaged 7 ships with a total displacement of 30884 gross tons and one minesweeper. On their combat account, 30% of the enemy's sunk and damaged tonnage. Soviet submarines of other types did not have such a result.
The most successful have been:
Submarine "Sch-421" series X (commanders captain 3rd rank N.A. Lunin and captain-lieutenant F.A. Vidyaev) of the Northern Fleet sank 7 transports with a total displacement of 22175 brt;
Submarine "Sch-307"("Cod") - the lead submarine of the V series - bis-2 (commanders captain-lieutenants N.O. Momot and M.S. Kalinin) of the Baltic Fleet sank 7 ships with a total displacement of 17225 gross weight;
Submarine "Sch-404" series X (commander captain 2nd rank V.A. Ivanov) of the Northern Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 16,000 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-407" the X-bis series (commander captain-lieutenant P.I. Bocharov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 13,775 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-402" series X (commanders captain 3rd rank N.G. Stolbov and A.M. Kautsky) of the Northern Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 13482 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-309" sank 13775 brt;
Submarine "Sch-402" series X (commanders captains 3rd rank I.S. Kabo and P.P. Vetchinkin) of the Baltic Fleet sank 4 ships with a total displacement of 12457 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-211" series X (commander captain-lieutenant A.D. Devyatko) the Black Sea Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 11862 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-303"("Ruff" _) series III (commanders captain-lieutenant I.V. Travkin and captain 3rd rank E.A. Ignatiev) of the Baltic Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 11844 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-406"- the lead submarine of the X-bis series (commander captain 3rd rank E.Ya. Osipov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 11660 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-310" series V-bis-2 (commanders captains 3rd rank D.K. Yaroshevich and S.N. Bogorad) of the Baltic Fleet sank 7 ships with a total displacement of 10995 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-317" series X (commander captain-lieutenant N.K. Mokhov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 10931 gross tons;
Submarine "Sch-320" series X (commander captain 3rd rank I.M. Vishnevsky) of the Baltic Fleet sank 3 ships with a total displacement of 10095 brt.
They were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the submarines Shch-307, Shch-310, Shch-320, Shch-323, Shch-406 of the KBF, Shch-201, Shch-209 of the Black Sea Fleet , Shch-403, Shch-404, Shch-421 of the Northern Fleet.
They were awarded the guards rank of submarines Shch-303, Shch-309, the Baltic Fleet, Shch-205, Shch-215 of the Black Sea Fleet, Shch-422 of the Northern Fleet, and the submarine Shch-402 of the Northern Fleet became Red Banner Guards Ship.
The main area of operations of submarines of type C, Shch, V
8.2.1. S-14 series IX bis
Lieutenant Commander, Captain 3rd Rank V.P. Kalanin
Laid down in 1938 at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod). Launched in 1939. By the beginning of World War II, the ship had a readiness of 94.7%. In the autumn of 1941, the submarine was transferred to the Caspian, where it was completed in Astrakhan and passed acceptance tests in Baku. In 1942 he entered service as part of the Caspian military flotilla.
14.04.-25.05.43
"S-14" as part of a separate detachment of submarines made the transition from Baku to the North along the route: Astrakhan - Volga - Rybinsk - North Dvinsky Canal - Kubenskoye Lake - Sukhona - Northern Dvina - Arkhangelsk and was enlisted in the 2nd division of the submarine brigade of the Northern Fleet .
18.06.43
the ship, by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, received the name "Heroic Sevastopol".
07-09.43
refurbishment and combat training course.
28.09.43
the submarine arrived at Polyarnoye.
01.44
the first combat exit took place in the area between Vardø and the North Cape. During the cruise, the submarine detected targets only twice: on the afternoon of January 8, a minesweeper and on the evening of January 9, a motorboat, but both times the submarine commander refused to attack, for the first time due to heavy seas; the second, considering the target of little value. The following patrols in the same January in the area of \u200b\u200bLakse Fjord did not produce results.
02-03.44
patrol at Cape Nordkin.
04.44
patrolling also did not bring results, in connection with which the command was very dissatisfied with the actions of the S-14 commander, considering them unsatisfactory.
11.07.44
in this fifth military campaign, which took place in the Porsangerfjord area, the submarine left under the tutelage of the commander of the 5th submarine division, captain 2nd rank P.I. Egorova. On the afternoon of July 11, the S-14 successfully evaded an attack by an unknown (no enemy data) submarine, and on the morning of July 12, having received intelligence about the passage of an enemy convoy, moved to Cape Harbaken. In the course of the shift in the evening in the Berlevog-Makkaur area, in two steps, she discharged bow torpedo tubes at a single vessel, which in fact turned out to be a Natal transport thrown out by a storm and sitting on stones, which had already been fired by torpedoes M-201, M- 104" and "M-105".
08.08.44
S-14 being on the sixth combat campaign in the Kongsfjord area. No results. On the morning of August 9, off Cape Mackaur, the S-14 fired four torpedoes at the transport, escorted by two minesweepers. Soon, an explosion was recorded on the submarine (only two crew members heard it due to the whistle in the speaking pipes), and when examining the horizon through the periscope, one of the minesweepers was not observed, which caused the victorious report. As a result, the command of the minesweeper attacked by the submarine was considered only “damaged”, and the German convoy, consisting of the Reinhard L.M. Russ" under the protection of the guards "Nki-03" and "Nki-05" (see) arrived at their destination without loss.
09.44
the exit to the Tanafjord area again became inconclusive. The submarine spent a significant part of the patrol time at the waiting position, as the submarine commander misinterpreted the order of the commander of the Northern Fleet (what exactly is not indicated in the source).
13.10.44
as part of the Petsamo-Kirkin operation, the S-14 submarine left the base and took up a position at the North Cape. On the afternoon of October 16, S-14 attacked a group of minesweepers. As a result of the attack, according to the report of the submarine commander, one of the ships was literally torn to pieces, the second received a torpedo under the bridge. In response, the "sunk" minesweepers "M-302", "M-321" and "M-322" from the 22nd flotilla subjected the submarine to a 3-hour pursuit, dropping three dozen depth charges on it at a safe distance. The second S-14 attack took place on the morning of October 20, when the submarine fired 4 torpedoes at the protected transport near the North Cape. After 120 seconds, a strong explosion was heard on the submarine, and when examining the horizon through the periscope, the target was not detected. The enemy does not comment on this attack, probably the torpedoes were fired at a ship from a group of Norwegian coasters, the fact of the death of which can neither be confirmed nor denied now. Urom October 22 "S-14" arrived in Polyarnoye.
In October 1944 the end point of German communications was Tormsø, which was in the UK's area of operational responsibility. From November 1944, the entry of submarines of the Northern Fleet into positions ceased.
11.11.44 "S-14" got up for current repairs.
The ship met the Victory Day at the side of the Krasny Gorn floating workshop.
8.2.2. S-15 series |X- bis
Captain 3rd rank A.I. Madisson (22.04.43-24.02.44),
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank G.K. Vasiliev (24.02.44-09.05.45).
19.02.44
Submarine "S-15" went on a military campaign. The next day, the submarine returned to the base due to the illness of the commander, and four days later, on February 24, 1944, Captain 3rd Rank A.I. Madisson committed suicide. In 1938 A.I. Madisson was unreasonably repressed and spent more than a year in prison, after which he returned to the fleet. He met the Second World War as a lieutenant commander in the position of commander of the Ronis submarine, which was under repair in Liepaja on June 22, 1941. Due to the threat of the enemy capturing the ship, on the orders of the senior commander, he blew up his boat and, together with the crew members, went to his own. Madisson was lucky enough to survive the defense of Liepaja. On April 22, 1943, he received under his command the S-15 submarine of the Caspian military flotilla, which he then transferred to the North.
03.44
Lieutenant Commander Georgy Konstantinovich Vasiliev was appointed commander of the S-15.
25.05.44
By the evening, "S-15" under the command of Lieutenant Commander G.K. Vasiliev received a message from air reconnaissance about the discovery of an enemy convoy in the area of Cape Nordkin.
The convoy consisting of 5 transports and 25 escort ships (5 EM, 6 SKR, 10 SK, 4 TS) was heading east. To approach the enemy, the S-15 was in full swing on the surface. On the way to the minefields, the S-15 sank and then proceeded under water. At the end of the day, she arrived at the calculated point near Cape Kharbaken. The convoy was discovered around 04-00. After 30 minutes, from a distance of 14 cab "S-15" fired four torpedoes at the terminal ship. Later it turned out that the boat sank the German transport "Solviken" (3500 brt) with three torpedoes. ( Although the commander claimed to have heard the explosions of all four torpedoes.). Wanting to make sure of success, Vasilyev gave the command to surface under the periscope, but a strong wave threw the nose of the "eska" to the surface. The Germans immediately counterattacked. In a few hours, hunters Uj-1209, Uj-1219 and Uj-1220 (see) dropped about 80 depth charges on S-15. From the explosions, the tightness of the ballast tank was broken, the diesel cooling pump, the lifting device of the anti-aircraft periscope were out of order, and eight storage tanks were broken. Then, at the moment of crossing the minefield, the electrolyte caught fire on the boat. The fire was extinguished but further presence in the position became impossible.
Before the S-15 attack late at night, the convoy had already successfully attacked the M-201 submarine, which also received information from aerial reconnaissance. TFR sunk and transport damaged. Then she was pursued. In just 5 hours on the M-201, 52 close and two and a half hundred distant explosions were counted; just at that time, Soviet aircraft bombed the convoy (The results are not known).
08.44
another sixth operation was carried out using the tactical technique of an overhanging curtain, in which four submarines (“S-15”, “S-51”, “S-103” and “M-201) participated in the option of using the heterogeneous forces of the Northern Fleet on communications enemy, operation "RV-7". This operation saw the first use of traceless electric torpedoes by submarines.
The essence of the operation was to deliver coordinated strikes against enemy convoys along the entire route from Tromsø to Varangerfjord, including ports of loading and unloading, by the diverse forces of the fleet.
Operations usually lasted two or three weeks and were timed to coincide with periods of the most intensive movement of convoys. The maximum possible number of submarines, aircraft, and surface ships took part in the operations.
From January 16 to October 18, 1944, the Northern Fleet carried out seven operations "RV" ("The Defeat of the Enemy"). "RV-1" January 16-February 5, "RV-2" February 20-30, "RV-3" May 16-31, "RV-4" June 10-25, "RV-5" July 9-17 , "RV-6" August 19-28, "RV-7" September 24-October 18. The results of the participation of submarines, MA and NK in the "RW" operations are rather sparingly reflected in the relevant sections and paragraphs due to lack of data. Moreover, in the open literature, no analysis of the results of each individual “RW” operation as a whole was found (in terms of the composition of forces, the system and means of controlling heterogeneous forces, the results of detection and enemy attacks, etc.). 
The basis for the success of the operation was considered continuous reconnaissance, which was carried out by all forces and means. They were supposed to mutually inform each other about the movement of the discovered convoy and direct strike groups at it. In the intervals between operations, which usually lasted two to three months, everyday (systematic) combat operations were carried out. Nevertheless, there were separate examples of such actions.
August 23 the submarine "S-15" (commander captain 3rd rank G, K. Vasiliev) received a notification from a reconnaissance aircraft about the movement of an enemy convoy. Having forced a minefield at a depth of 80 m, the boat approached the shore near Cape Sletnes. On the morning of August 24, the commander in the periscope discovered a convoy consisting of three transports and 14 escort ships. Having approached a distance of 10 cabs, the S-15 attacked the largest ship in the area of \u200b\u200bCape Omgang with four traceless torpedoes. Two torpedoes hit the target. Two torpedoes hit the target, the Dessau transport (about 6000 GRT) sank (see table at the end of the page). The S-15 submarine (Captain 3rd Rank G.I. Vasiliev) carried out the first attack in the Northern Fleet using electric torpedoes. 
8.2.3. S-16 series |X-bis
captain 2nd rank I.K. Century (11.42-13.06.44),
captain 3rd rank A.V. Lepeshkin (13.06.44-09.05.45).
20.02.44
entered service and became part of the Caspian flotilla.
15.03.44
the submarine left Baku.
24.04.44
By order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, the ship received the name "Hero of the Soviet Union Nurseites."
20.05.44
arrived in Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk). On the same day, the submarine was enrolled in the Northern Fleet.
13.06.44
Captain 3rd rank Lepeshkin Alexei Vasilievich was appointed commander of the S-16.
19.10.44
arrived in Polyarnoye.
07.11.44
"S-16" entered the position in the area between Tanafjord and North Cape. The first combat campaign of the submarine was provided by the commander of the 2nd division, captain 2nd rank I.F. Kucherenko. On the morning of November 8, the submarine occupied the specified area.
10.11.44
the submarine, by order of the command, moved to the area of Cape Nordkin, where on the afternoon of November 10, due to a large heading angle, it could not attack the convoy.
12.11.44
the submarine crossed into the mouth of the Porsangerfjord.
19.11.44
"S-16" interrupted the campaign and headed to the base. On a submarine, a high-pressure air compressor coil burst.
21.11.44
"S-16" arrived in Polyarnoe. Went in for repairs.
10.44 the end point of German communications was Tormsø, which was in the zone of operational responsibility of the allies, the exit of the submarines of the Northern Fleet to attack the convoys was soon stopped. However, until the end of the Second World War, German submarines operated off our coast. Apparently the command of the Northern Fleet at that time was not mature enough to use our submarines in droves to search for and destroy German submarines, and yet the S-54 twice went to sea in order to search for enemy submarines, and although on August 23 the S-54 discovered an enemy "U-bot", but anticipate success "S-101" failed and the boat returned to base.
So, S-16 made 1 combat campaign. In torpedo attacks did not go out.
8.2.4. S-51 series |X
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd, 2nd rank Hero of the Soviet Union I.F. Kucherenko (06.12.41-04.43),
captain 3rd rank K.M. Kolosov (04.43 -09.05.45).
11/15/44 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
06.12.41
S-51
05.11.42
together with "S-54", "S-55", and "S-56" began the transition from the Pacific Ocean to the North. The commander of the submarine division, Hero of the Soviet Union, captain 1st rank Tripolsky, who was on board the S-51, commanded the transition. Having covered 17,000 miles in 2,200 sailing hours, two oceans and nine seas, on January 24, 1943, the boat arrived in Polyarnoye.
09.05.43
"S-51" went on its first combat campaign. On May 13, she unsuccessfully attacked the Africana transport with torpedoes, after which she was counterattacked by enemy PLO forces.
06.43
the next two campaigns also ended in vain, although the boat went on the attack twice (June 23 and 27).
03.09.43
in the fourth combat campaign in the Kongsfjord area, S-51 attacked a convoy from Kirkenes with four torpedoes (1 transport, 2 minesweepers were identified by the boat commander. In fact, S-51 attacked a detachment of warships - 3 hunters for submarines from the 12th flotilla. As a result, the hunter "Uj-1202" "Franz Dankworth" went to the bottom. Undercover intelligence confirmed the sinking of the German TFR at the point 70.47 N / 29.35 E Uj 1202 "Franz Dankworth". From the composition of its crew, 15 people died, 7 were wounded.The S-51 submarine was unsuccessfully counterattacked by the remaining ships of the detachment, hunters for submarines - Uj 1209 and Uj 1214, who dropped 7 depth charges at a safe distance from the submarine. attacked on September 5 and 8, but both times failed.
10.09.43
"S-51" returned to the base and got up for repairs, which lasted until February 1944.
18.03.44
"S-51" went on a combat campaign to attack the battleship "Tirpitz", which, according to intelligence, was supposed to return to Germany after eliminating the damage inflicted on it by British small submarines (see paragraph 4.14.), But the battleship did not go to sea, and "S-51" returned to base and
got up for repairs
and its commander, captain of the 2nd rank, I.F. Kucherenko, began to command the 2nd Division of the submarine of the Northern Fleet. June 8, 1945 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Captain 3rd rank Konstantin Mikhailovich Kolosov, who previously commanded the M-119, was appointed the new commander of the boat. The last two campaigns with the new commander were unsuccessful.
According to the report on the combat activities of the submarine "S-51" 1944 August 17 - September 2
“... At 20-14 on 17.08, she went on the sixth military campaign in the Porsangerfjord area in sector No. 1 according to the plan of operation “RV-7” as part of an overhanging curtain. 19.08. The submarine did not have time to take a position in time to intercept the convoy, arriving there only on the afternoon of August 19, and at the same time had a discrepancy of 45 miles to the east. 26.08. at 07-58 to the north of the mouth of the Porsangerfjord, it was unsuccessfully attacked by the German submarine "U-711". 28.08. in the evening she was unable to attack the convoy in the area of Cape Sletnes due to the long distance and unfavorable heading angle. 29.08. the cable of the commander's periscope broke and the periscope went out of position. 01.09. at 01-07 began the return. 02.09. at 04-45 arrived in Polyarnoye.
So, S-51 made 7 combat. 1 warship sunk 09/03/1943 TFR "Uj-1202" ("Franz Dankvord").
8.2.5. S-54 series |X-bis
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank D.K. Brother
05.01.42
became part of the Pacific Fleet.
05.10.42
began the transition from the Pacific Ocean to the North through the Panama Canal, and on June 7, 1943 arrived in Polyarnoye.
27.06.43
on the night of "S-54" went on its first combat campaign. The submarine was to operate in the Berlevog-Persfjord area. 
The baptism of fire for the crew of the submarine was provided by the commander of the 2nd division of the submarine of the Northern Fleet, captain 1st rank A.V. Tripolsky. On the afternoon of June 28, at Cape Mackaur, the S-54 attacked with four torpedoes patrol ship an enemy from a group of hunters following to join the convoy. 90 seconds after the launch of the torpedoes, a dull explosion was recorded on the submarine; a German anti-submarine ship recorded the explosions of three torpedoes on the coastal rocks. Since the enemy did not observe the point of salvo, nor the trail of torpedoes, the submarine was not pursued.
On the morning of June 30"S-54" moved to the area of the Berlevog-North Cape position. On the same day, when crossing a probable minefield for the first time in the Northern Fleet, using the Dragon sonar installed during the submarine’s stay in England, the submarine carried out mine reconnaissance of the area. Later, during combat patrols, the S-54 repeatedly (July 3, 5, 7 and 9) detected enemy mines with the help of the Dragon. In torpedo attacks did not go out, despite the repeated detection of targets; On June 30, a detachment consisting of two minesweepers and a patrol ship was missed, on the night of July 4, a group of minesweepers was not attacked, and an hour later the schooner, on the evening of July 6, the commander refused to attack the patrol ship, and on the evening of July 8, the schooner was missed. The reasons for the refusal to attack were the poor training of the submarine's personnel (the helmsman group did not keep the boat at depth), and, as a result, the commander's assumptions that the submarine had been discovered. On the evening of July 11, S-54 completed its first combat campaign.
07-08.43
The submarine completed two exits to the sea in order to search for enemy submarines. The submarine spent the end of July north of Cape Nordkin, but found nothing but faint noises and oil stains of unknown origin on the surface of the water. The submarine spent the rest of August at the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya in the area of Cape Zhelaniya, but this time, although the submarine twice had contact with enemy submarines (on the morning of August 23 using hydroacoustics, and then visually, and on the evening of August 24, it detected the transmission of light identification signal), due to the long distance and thick fog, she could not go on the attack. It was not possible to repeat the success of the S-101, the submarine returned to Polyarnoye and soon got up for the current repairs, which lasted until the end of 1943.
02.44
"S-54" under the flag of the commander of the 2nd division, captain 1st rank A.V. Tripolsky went out for cruising in the area of Vardø - Cape North Cape. The enemy was detected only once, on the morning of February 12, but stormy weather and a long distance to the target prevented the attack.
05.03.44
"S-54" went on its last trip to the Kongsei Fjord area to Cape Berleog. 
March 10, 1944 the boat reported that it was going to the base after the battle with the enemy, but did not arrive at the base.
05 — 20.03.1944
there are two versions about the death of the S-54: either it died on the mine of the NW-31 barrier in the Kongsfjord area - Cape Sletnes, which was set by the Ostmark mine layer in July 1943, or the boat died as a result of received damage from combat with the enemy on the way to the base. There were 50 people on board the S-54 at the time of its death.
So, S-54 made 5 combat campaigns. Didn't get results.
8.2.6. S-55 series |X-bis
captain 3rd rank L.M. Sushkin (until 12/21/43?).
22.08.41
became part of the Pacific Fleet.
05.10.42
under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Sushkin Lev Mikhailovich, she began moving to the North through the Panama Canal, and on March 8, 1943, arrived in Polyarnoye.
24.03.43
The S-55, together with the destroyer Uritsky, ensured the return to Polyarnoye of the M-174, which was blown up by a mine in the Varanger Fjord.
28.03.43
"S-55" went on its first combat campaign. The submarine operated northwest of Vardø and already 9 hours after the submarine occupied the designated area, it launched the first attack.
Four torpedoes were fired at once on two converging ships of an enemy convoy heading west. Soon, two deaf explosions were recorded on the submarine, both targets were considered hit. However, the convoy vessels, the Lieselotte Esberger tanker and the Kifissia transport noticed one of the torpedoes fired by the Soviet submarine in time and managed to carry out an evasive maneuver. The hunters "Uj-1103", "Uj-1104" and "Uj-1109" accompanying the convoy counterattacked the submarine, adding 21 more depth charges on the tip of the aircraft, which marked the place of launch of torpedoes by dropping two bombs. However, soon the Germans had to stop the pursuit; the convoy was attacked by aviation of the Northern Fleet (there is no data on the results of this attack by naval aviation in section 6). The bombs dropped by planes on the convoy were attributed to the submariners at their own expense, considering them (107 explosions were recorded on the submarine) for the continued pursuit by PLO forces. Having received any serious damage (several outboard valves were blown up, several lighting bulbs were broken) as a result of a counterattack by PLO ships, the submarine continued to operate in the designated area.
On the night of April 1, 1943"S-55" landed a reconnaissance group on the coast of the enemy, but the next day the campaign had to be interrupted. When forcing the Sperre-IV minefield at a depth of 60 m, the submarine touched the minrep, winding the 85-meter cable around the left propeller; the left line of the shaft is jammed, the electric motor burned out, because the electric motor was not stopped in violation of the instructions. Fortunately, the mine did not explode, and the submarine received permission to return to base in the evening.
22.04.43 after a short renovation
S-55 left in the evening for operations between Nordkapp and Nordkin. The submarine had been patrolling the area for more than five days when, on the evening of April 29, it discovered a convoy, according to the submarine commander, consisting of two transports guarded by three guards and six minesweepers. (The actual composition of the convoy: four transports, a minesweeper, six guards and hunters). Four torpedoes were fired at two colliding targets, and soon three explosions were recorded on the submarine, considering that hits were achieved on both ships. Meanwhile, the German collier "Schturzsee" (708 brt) with a cargo of iron ore caught two torpedoes and quickly went under water. The Klaus Howald transport, which became the second target, escaped with a slight fright; the torpedo that jumped to the surface exploded, passing in front of the ship. The minesweeper M-343, which noticed the point of the torpedo salvo, counterattacked the submarine, quite accurately dropping 15 depth charges; their explosions threw the submarine 10 meters up, then the Uj-1207 and Uj-1208 hunters joined the anti-submarine search, dropping another 72 depth charges at a safe distance from the submarine in three hours. Breaking away from the pursuit and surfacing, the submariners found that on the submarine, the bow of the light hull was completely destroyed - the stem was torn off before the third frame. In addition, the bombing on the S-55 damaged the front covers of the bow torpedo tubes, the kingstones of the bow ballast tanks, and the echo sounder failed.
In this state of the ship, it was impossible to continue the campaign; on the evening of April 30, the S-55 arrived at Polyarnoye.
30.04.43-15.09.43 emergency and current repairs,
during which the Dragon-129 sonar was installed on the submarine
30.09.43
in the evening the submarine left for action in the area of \u200b\u200bthe island of Seryo. On the night of October 6, the submarine landed a reconnaissance group on the enemy coast, after which it continued operations in the Porsangerfjord area. On the morning of October 12, 1943, the S-55 discovered an enemy convoy. As in previous attacks, the submarine commander fired torpedoes at two targets at once: ships of 8-10 and 3-4 thousand tons. The enemy noticed the attack of the submarine only thanks to the aircraft circling over the convoy, he was the first to drop depth charges at the salvo point. Meanwhile, the Ammerland transport (5281 brt) was already sinking; and the German Lapland grouping lost almost 2,400 tons of food and fodder. The hunters Uj-1206, Uj-1207 and Uj-1208, who came up to search for the submarine, only had to carry out a restrictive bombing, preventing the submarine from repeating the attack, dropping 40 depth charges at a safe distance from the submarine. Safely breaking away from the pursuit, "S-55" at the end of October 14 went to the base. For the entire time of patrolling, the submarine, using the Dragon, crossed German minefields 14 times. All passages between enemy mines were carried out in violation of the instructions in the surface or positional position.
04.12.43
in the evening, "S-55" went on its last campaign, its actions were to take place in the Tanafjord area. On the morning of December 8, 1943, at the mouth of the Tanafjord, an unexploded torpedo hit the stern of the Norwegian ship Valer (1016 brt). The escort ships of the convoy did not leave their place in the order, since the attack of the submarine was discovered too late. Further actions"S-55" unknown, the submarine never got in touch, she did not respond to the order to return, given to her on the evening of December 21.
Probably, "S-55" died on one of the minefields "NW-27", "NW-28" or "Karin", which the commander of "S-55" (judging by the previous campaign), trusting the sonar, forced into dangerous positions. It is possible that the wreck of a submarine discovered in 1996 at the bottom near Cape Sletnes is a mass grave for 52 crew members of the S-55.
So, the S-55 made 4 combat campaigns (65 days). Results: 2 transports (6089 brt) sunk, 1 transport damaged (presumably).
8.2.7. S-56 series |X-bis
07.11 41
became part of the Pacific Fleet.
05.10.42
under the command of Lieutenant Commander Shchedrin G.I., together with S-51, S-54 and S-55 under the general command of Captain 1st Rank Hero of the Soviet Union A.V. Panama Canal to the North. The boats passed two oceans and nine seas (Japanese, Okhotsk, Bering, Caribbean, Sargasso, Northern, Greenland, Norwegian and Barents), passing 17,000 miles in 2,200 sailing hours.
08.03.43
"S-56" arrived in Polyarnoye. 
Lieutenant commander, captain of the 3rd rank, captain of the 2nd rank Hero of the Soviet Union Shchedrin Grigory Ivanovich commander of the S-56 submarine until 05/09/45. Northern Fleet. During the Great Patriotic War, he sank 9 enemy ships. In terms of the effectiveness of combat activities, it occupies the 6th place among domestic submariners.
On March 31, 1944, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
23.02. 45 converted into guards.
04.43
the first combat campaign of the boat was unsuccessful, although the S-56 went on the attack twice (April 10 and 14, 1943), but both times the torpedoes missed the target. On both occasions, the Germans unsuccessfully counterattacked the boat, dropping a total of 39 depth charges on it. On April 5, 1943, the S-56 submarine approached the shore in the landing area of the reconnaissance group before dark and lay down on the ground. With the onset of darkness, she surfaced in a positional position and, having received a prearranged signal, approached the shore. After the landing, which lasted about an hour, the S-56 headed for the search and destruction area for enemy transport ships.
14.05.43
"S-56" went on the second campaign, which brought real results. 
On May 17, in Tana Fjord, she attacked a convoy. Of the four torpedoes fired, two exploded before reaching the target, one hit the Wartheland transport, but, unfortunately, did not explode. But the fourth torpedo from the boat sent the tanker "Oirostadt" (1118 brt), carrying oil products, to the bottom. In response, the Germans pursued the boat, dropping 70 depth charges on it, but the S-56 managed to escape, and on May 29 returned safely to base.
07.43
The next trip was even more successful. On July 17, 1943, S-56 attacked German ships that were returning from minelaying, and although the Ostmark minelayer managed to dodge the torpedo, the M-346 minesweeper did not manage to do this. On July 19, 1943, a boat in the area of Cape Gamvik (see the figure above, item 24.08.44 for S-15) attacked the convoy with four torpedoes, as a result of which the NKi-09 (Alane) guard ship was sunk. Twenty minutes later, the S-56 attacks the transport again, and although torpedo explosions were heard on the boat, the result of this attack is not clear. 
On July 21, S-56 returned safely to Polyarnoye and immediately got up for repairs, which lasted until the end of 1943.
18.01.44
out on the next trip. January 20, carried out a torpedo attack on an enemy convoy. Unfortunately, the torpedoes missed. The next day, "S-56" itself became the object of attack by enemy PLO forces. Success came only on January 28, when the S-56 sent two torpedoes to the bottom of the Heinrich Schulte transport (in some sources, Henriet Schulze) with a displacement of 5056 gross tons.
04.09.44
The next four campaigns at the beginning did not give results, although the boat repeatedly launched attacks on enemy ships and transports. The torpedoes either went past, or exploded before reaching the target, or the target itself evaded the torpedo.
September 24, 1944 in the last campaign, a convoy was discovered and attacked, next to the Varanger fjord. The attack was successful - one transport was sunk. The results were reported to the command. The command of the fleet decided, under cover and with the assistance of aviation, to destroy the remaining ships of the convoy by attacking torpedo boats. The convoy was destroyed (see).
September 27, 1944"S-56" returned from her last military campaign, and on November 5, her commander, Captain 2nd Rank G.I. Shchedrin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union
After the end of WWII the boat served in the North.
Summer 1953"S-56" along the Northern Sea Route made the transition to the Far East, thereby completing the circumnavigation, which began in 1942. November 6, 1953 "S-56" again became part of the Pacific Fleet.
May 9, 1975 The S-56 is installed on the Ship Embankment in Vladivostok as a memorial and a branch of the Pacific Fleet Museum.
8.2.8. S-101 series |X-bis
captain 3rd rank, captain 2nd rank I.K. Vecke (until 02.12.42),
captain 3rd rank P.I. Egorov (02.12.42-07.43).
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank E.N. Trofimov (07.43-17.08.44),
captain-lieutenant, captain of the 3rd rank) N.T. Zinoviev (17.08.44-09.05.45).
05/24/45 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
22.06.41
WWII met on the Baltic Fleet in Ust-Dvinsk.
27.06.41
"S-101" entered the position in the western part of the Irben Strait. For 17 days, the boat rested on the ground, only occasionally surfacing under the periscope. Naturally, there were no meetings with the enemy. For passivity in this campaign, the commander received a reprimand from the command. When returning to the base, "S-101" was attacked by an enemy aircraft. The two bombs he dropped, fortunately, did not explode, although the pilot achieved a direct hit (the bomb hit the barbette of a 100-mm gun and pierced the tank of the main ballast). This campaign was one of many cases in the combat career of the S-101, which was nicknamed the "bomb catcher". Upon returning from the campaign, the boat was urgently prepared for the passage along the White Sea Canal to the North, which the S-101 successfully did in mid-August 1941. The transition was commanded by Captain 3rd Rank Khomyakov Mikhail Fedorovich, senior for the transfer of boats to the North (together with the S-101, the S-102 was relocated there), who later became the commander of the submarine division, which included the Baltic "eski" and the submarine "D- 3″.
08.09.41
the boat arrived in Belomorsk.
September 17, 1941 became part of the Northern Fleet.
07.10.41
the boat leaves for Polyarnoye, but along the way it was mistakenly attacked by two Soviet MBR-2 aircraft. One bomb exploded not far from the boat. On the S-101, some mechanisms moved from the foundations, and the boat itself, having begun an urgent dive, fell to a depth of 45 meters. After 45 minutes, the S-101 surfaced and headed for Arkhangelsk, where I got up for repairs.
Only on December 13, 1941, the boat arrived at Polyarnoye.
31.01.42
S-101 went on its second combat campaign, which became the first in the Northern Fleet. The enemy could not be found in it, although on February 6 the boat attacked the transport, but it turned out to be the Mimona steamer, washed ashore by a storm on January 11, 1942.
11.04.42
went on the next military campaign in order to cover the allied convoys "PQ-14" and "QP-10". Due to an error by the operator of the headquarters of the Northern Fleet, the S-101 patrol area turned out to be directly on the course of the convoys. Fortunately, several dozen depth charges, which were dropped on the boat by British escorts, did not cause any damage to the S-101.
17.05.42
The fourth campaign (17 - 27.5.1942) for the S-101 almost became the last. On the morning of May 25, the boat launched an attack on an enemy convoy in the area of Cape Nordkin. 
Her torpedoes passed next to the Meteor hospital ship. The convoy proceeded further, and the enemy command sent a group of hunters to the area. Finding them, Vekke decided to attack them. The Germans spotted the boat and arranged a 22-hour hunt for it, during which the UJ-1102, Uj-1105, Uj-1108 and Uj-1109 dropped about two hundred depth charges and inflicted severe damage on the submarine: one periscope failed, the tightness was broken fuel tank No. 2, part of the cans with electrolyte broke. Until the evening, the "eska" rested at the bottom, but then surfaced and tried to come off in a submerged position. From 4 am on the 26th, the crew began to feel an acute lack of oxygen. Two hours later, the commander decided to surface and take the fight on the surface, just in case, preparing the boat for an explosion. Fortunately, the pursuers fell behind, and the submarine was able to return to base and stood up for repairs.
06.42
The submarine once again confirmed its nickname "bomb catcher", having received damage during a German air raid on Murmansk.
07 and 11.42 went out twice to ensure the passage of single ships from Novaya Zemlya to Iceland. The enemy was not detected in both cases.
Then the boat got up for overhaul,
and on December 2, 1942, the commander was replaced on it. They became the captain of the 3rd rank Pavel Ilyich Yegorov, and the captain of the 2nd rank Vekke was transferred to the S-16 submarine.
22.03.43
"S-101" went on the next combat campaign with a new commander. On March 22, she unsuccessfully attacked the Drau transport. Success came only a week later, when, as a result of the S-101 attack, the Ajax transport (2997 brt) went to the bottom. The enemy PLO forces subjected the boat to a long pursuit, dropping 60 depth charges on it without causing any damage to it.
04-05.43
in this campaign, the S-101 unsuccessfully attacked the Neukuren transport, and the enemy PLO forces also unsuccessfully dropped 46 depth charges on the boat.
11-25.06.43
In this campaign, the S-101 launched attacks on enemy convoys 4 times (June 13, 14, 19 and 21), damaging only the V-6104 guard on June 14, 1943. In July 1943, the commander changed again on the S-101, Egorov began to command the 5th Division of the Northern Fleet, and the captain-lieutenant (then captain of the 3rd rank) Evgeny Nikolaevich Trofimov came to the boat as commander.
07.08.43
S-101 went on another combat campaign to Cape Zhelaniya (northern current of the Novaya Zemlya islands). (the former commander Yegorov Pavel Ilyich came out to provide support). On August 28, the S-101 noise direction finder discovered an enemy submarine. The attack was led by Yegorov. At 20-50, he fired a three-torpedo volley, which sent the German submarine U-639 to the bottom. This is how the historian Sergey Kovalev describes this attack on the Internet “Swastika over Taimyr”, Submarine S-101 (commander - lieutenant commander Yevgeny Trofimov) on August 7, 1943 left Polyarny to a position cut by it near the ice rocks of Cape Konstantin Novaya Zemlya. In the boundless Arctic, the polar summer was ending, during the day - with fogs, snow and rain squalls, and short nights - with prickly frosts. Daily underwater watches in the deadly light of dim red lamps resembled one another, they gradually accumulated psychological and physical fatigue among the submariners. But the acoustics continued to tirelessly listen to the sea depths, and the commanders of the watch - to examine the boundless expanse of the sea, knowing full well that the same underwater, but fascist "hunter" could look for his prey somewhere in the neighborhood, for example, near the Gulf of Natalia or at the Ice Harbor . What was the surprise of the commander and senior on the campaign, when through the periscope, instead of an enemy raider, they saw several icebergs surrounded by strips of broken ice. Meanwhile, not a single enemy ship was nearby. True, given the current knowledge about the actual location of Nazi submarines and their support vessel off the coast of Novaya Zemlya, it is quite realistic to accept the fact that the Severomorians really heard the underwater enemy, and not icebergs at all. And yet on that day the enemy was not detected, and the submariners dispersed into compartments. The tedious hours of underwater search stretched again
Early morning August 28 , when the Soviet submarine was not far from the Novaya Zemlya Cape Konstantin, the vigilance of her "hearers" was rewarded. At 10:20 am, the sonar officer on duty, the Red Navy sailor I. Larin, heard a barely audible, but gradually growing "singing" of ship diesel engines among the blue-white silence. Such a sonorous sound was typical for a submarine going at maximum speed. But there could be no Soviet submarines in the Kara Sea. On combat alert, the crew again quickly scattered through the boat compartments. Very soon, through the periscope in the turbidity of the snow charge, Lieutenant Commander Trofimov saw the low silhouette of an enemy submarine with an anti-network "saw" and snow-white "mustache" at the stem. And then - her barrel-shaped felling. There was no doubt - this was a fascist submarine "ringing" with diesel engines in the silence of the icy desert. And S-101, as if on cat's paws, began to approach the enemy. Half an hour later, when six cable torpedoes remained before the white and blue silhouette of the stranger, three torpedoes flew out of the bow torpedo tubes of the 101st, as if spring-loaded. At the same time, Lieutenant Commander Trofimov provided for various options for the development of the battle. All three torpedoes had different travel depth settings: one was prepared for a target going at a depth of two meters, the other two were for a target that, if torpedoes approaching it, would begin to sink, that is, they went with installations of five and eight meters, respectively. And fifty seconds later, the roar of an explosion was heard over the sea. The huge water column stopped for a moment in its upward movement, and then began to fall. Suddenly, a swirling yellow-brown swelling appeared inside this pillar: either torpedo ammunition or artillery shells detonated on board the enemy ship. Another second, and there was dead silence over the sea. Only the eerie guttural gurgling and the distinct metallic crackle of the bulkheads of the Nazi submarine breaking under the monstrous pressure gradually subsided in the cold depths. A few minutes later, the Soviet "eska" surfaced under the wheelhouse and under the electric motors went to the point where until recently there was a white and blue silhouette of the enemy. Here, slightly swaying on the surface of calm water, the disfigured corpses of two German submariners in rubberized suits floated, and around them a huge iridescent spot of solarium spread. Before it surrounded the Soviet submarine, the Severomorians managed to fish out a signal book, a diary and a jacket of the commander of U-639, Lieutenant Walter Wichmann, individual drawings of the boat and a whole lifeline. It turned out that the German submarine U-639 was sunk, returning after laying mines in the Gulf of Ob and raiding in the Kara Sea. It can be assumed that, in addition to the main crew, there could actually be either a shift of meteorologists or a shift service personnel one of the secret bases. And the boat itself did not go to Norway, but to Franz Josef Land.
18.10.43
went on her last campaign in 1943. Having unsuccessfully attacked a couple of minesweepers on October 26, the boat returned safely to the base and got up for repairswhich lasted almost a year.
August 17, 1944 captain-lieutenant (then captain of the 3rd rank) Nikolai Trofimovich Zinoviev, who was previously the first mate on the S-15, was appointed commander of the boat.
26.10.44
As part of the Petsamo-Kirkin operation, S-101 went on its last combat campaign. On October 31, she unsuccessfully attacks a pair of German destroyers from the 4th flotilla,
and a few hours later, just as unsuccessfully, the hunters "Uj-1207" and "Uj-1222" counterattacked the "S-101" with depth charges, from the explosions of which the boat received damage that did not prevent her from breaking away from pursuit and safely returning to base.
Since in October 1944 Tormsø, which was in the zone of operational responsibility of the Allies, became the end point of enemy communications, the exit of Soviet submarines to positions was stopped.
So, S-101 made 12 military campaigns (186 days). 1 transport (2997 brt) and 1 warship sunk, 1 warship damaged: 03/29/1943. TR "Ajax" (2997 brt). 06/14/1943. Guard ship "V-6104" was damaged. 08/28/1943 Submarine "U-639".
8.2.9. S-102 series |X-bis
lieutenant commander B.V. Ivanov (until 07.41),
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd, 2nd rank L.I. Mayor (?)
22.06.41
The Second World War met as part of the 2nd division of the 1st submarine brigade in Ust-Dvinsk and fought in the Baltic until September 1941. 
27.06.41
"S-102" entered the position in the Gulf of Riga. On board as a support was the commander of the 2nd division, captain of the 2nd rank V.A. Chervinsky. On the evening of July 12, the boat discovered south of Cape Kolkasrags a numerous convoy of boats, motorboats and airborne infantry fighting vehicles of the experimental landing force "Baltic", heading for Riga. An attempt to approach the ships sailing right under the shore could have ended tragically for the submarine - shallow depths were visible by aircraft circling over the convoy, there were no opportunities to evade bombs by maneuvering in depth. The commander reasonably refused the attack. However, upon returning to base, he was removed from his post.
The captain-lieutenant (then captain of the 3rd, 2nd rank) Gorodnichiy Leonid Ivanovich was appointed the new commander. The boat is urgently preparing to move to the North.
September 12, 1941 having arrived along the White Sea Canal, "S-102" together with "S-101" arrives in Belomorsk.
September 17, 1941"S-102" is part of the Northern Fleet.
21.10.41
The submarine enters its first combat campaign in the new theater. On October 25, when the boat was on the surface, the divisional navigator, senior lieutenant E.G. Kalnin, who was alone on the bridge, was washed overboard by a wave, the boat went without any upper watch. On October 29, 1941, when trying to attack a convoy, the S-102, by mistake of the crew, takes 6 tons of water and falls to a depth of 110 meters, and then, just as quickly, it was thrown to the surface. After an unsuccessful three-week patrol, the S-102 safely returned to Polyarnoye on November 13, 1941.
03.01.42
The submarine went on another trip. On board as a support was the division commander Khomyakov. On January 5, S-102 landed a reconnaissance group on the coast of the enemy. This campaign was successful, and although the attack on a single transport on January 10, 1942 was unsuccessful (the commander announced the sinking of the transport in 2000 brt), four days later the S-102 attacked the enemy convoy, putting the Türkheim transport to the bottom in 1904 BRT (doublet declared by the commander). The boat was subjected to a fierce attack by the hunters "Uj-1205", "Uj-1403" and the guard "V-5903", who dropped 198 depth charges on the "C-102". The boat received significant damage, due to which it left the position and returned to the base.
.
The renovation took a month.
03.42
The submarine went on a combat mission three times. The S-102 did not attack the enemy.
At the end of September 1942 S-102 (commander captain 3rd rank Gorodnichiy) was in the Kara Sea to search for and attack the heavy cruiser Admiral Sheer. Replaced K-21 (commander captain 3rd rank N.A. Lunin). Triangle search area: Cape Zhelaniya - Solitude Island (center of the Kara Sea) - Dikson Island. But in mid-October, she also left Novaya Zemlya with nothing, because. The Sheer left the Kara Sea at the end of August (see paragraph ,).
In January 1943 The boat is back for repairs. which lasted four months.
06-10.43
the next three trips the boat made to the North Cape. The S-102 was able to attack only once, on August 18, 1943, but the torpedoes missed the target. On October 7, 1943, the boat again lands a reconnaissance group on the enemy coast.
26.12.43
in the evening, S-102 was sent to intercept the heavy cruiser Scharnhorst, but even before the boat arrived at the position, the British sank it, and the boat returned to base.
In 1944"S-102" made three pohordes, which did not bring results. She attacked only once - on January 20, 1944, and although her commander was credited with hitting the target, the enemy did not even notice the attack.
In October 1944 the final route of enemy communications was Tormsø, which was in the area of responsibility of the allies, so the exit of Soviet submarines to positions was stopped.
So, S-102 made 13 military campaigns (211 days).
Results: 1 transport (1904 brt) was sunk on 01/14/1942 and TR "Turkheim" (1904 brt).
8.2.10. S-103 series |X-bis
captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank N.P. Nechaev (until 09.05.45)
15.04.43
as part of a separate detachment, the submarine began moving along inland waterways from Baku to Arkhangelsk.
May 28, 1943 became part of the Northern Fleet. After working out the combat training tasks, the boat arrived in Polyarnoye on September 20, 1943.
19.09.43-05.44
"S-103" made three combat campaigns, which turned out to be inconclusive.
29.05.44
"S-103" went on the fourth campaign and she managed to attack a group of hunters "Uj-1209", "Uj-1211", "Uj-1219". Torpedoes passed by, and the enemy ships did not even notice the attack Upon returning from a hike, the boat got up for current repairs.
08.44
went on another campaign as part of the operation "RV-7", see paragraph for the submarine "S-15"). Using a new type of torpedo, she attacked a large fuel tanker. The commander watched through the periscope as the ship went under water.
August 28 "S-103" received data on the movement of the convoy. To meet him, the boat had to go with maximum economy of time. The commander led the boat by the shortest route. At the periscope depth, minefields were forced. The risk turned out to be justified - they reached the calculated point (Cape Kharbaken) on time. The enemy ships did not have time to pass. Of the four torpedoes fired by the boat, three exploded. Two targets were destroyed - the transport and the security ship that approached it at the time of the salvo. The enemy PLO forces dropped about 80 depth charges onto the boat, which did not prevent the S-103 from returning safely to base. The need for a new repair did not allow the S-103 to go to sea in September.
Extract from the report of the combat operations of the S-103 submarine
“... 1944 August 16-29
Combat campaign in the Kongsfjord area - m .. Makkaur (sector No. 3, operation "RV-7").
At 19-57 on 16.08. got into position. Found a floating mine at the crossing. At 18-48 17.08. arrived at the position. On the evening of 18.08. unable to attack KOH due to poor visibility. At 03-46 on 23.08. found a floating mine. At 11-11, she launched a torpedo attack by a single BLB in the Makkaursand Fjord area (BDB, underwater attack, 2 torpedoes, distance 12 cab., One torpedo jumped to the surface, BDB evaded torpedoes, no foreign data). There was no persecution. At 12-23, she made a torpedo attack of KOH consisting of 5 TN and 15 NK (TN 3000 t, surface attack, 3 ET-80 torpedoes (including 1 ET-80 with NAF and a lightweight combat charging compartment, a torpedo from TA No. 2 was not released due to a malfunction), distance 5 cab., after 60 seconds 2 explosions were heard, at 12-25 a TN was observed without a move with a roll to starboard, at 12-26 TN sank - the German Gretchen TR was unsuccessfully attacked, observed the passage of 5 torpedoes). At 14-50, when forcing a minefield, the minrenp touched, there was no explosion. From 2:35 p.m. to 05:34 a.m. on 24 June 08, 57 explosions were recorded at a safe distance, presumably - glb. In the morning, permission was received to operate in the area of Cape Blodskyutudde - Cape Makkaur (Sector No. 4). At 13-39 28.08. made a torpedo attack KON (2TR, 2 TFR, SKA) in the area of cape Kharbaken (Tr 6-8000 tons, underwater attack, 4 torpedoes, distance 12 cab., after 90 seconds 2 deaf explosions were heard, after 120 seconds - a large explosion forces, and at 13-45 only 1 TR, 1SKR and 2 SKA were detected in the periscope - the German KON “Ki-128-Lf”, including 3 TR, was unsuccessfully attacked, 3 torpedoes were observed, 1 of which walked along the surface). According to Morozov M.E. there was no pursuit, according to some other sources, the enemy PLO forces unsuccessfully dropped about 80 depth charges on the submarine. At 22-41 on 28.08. began returning to the base and at 18-58 on 29.08. arrived in Polyarnoye.
BUT in October 1944 Tromsø became the end point of enemy communications and the boats stopped entering positions, since Tromsø was in the zone of operational responsibility of the allies.
So, S-103 made 5 combat campaigns (73 days). The tanker, transport and convoy escort ship were sunk.
8.2.11. S-104 series |X-bis
Lieutenant Commander, Captain 3rd Rank M.I. Nikiforov (until 05.02.44),
Lieutenant Commander S.S. Calibers until 13.03.44),
captain 3rd rank V.A. Turaev (13.03.44 -04.45),
captain-lieutenant G.M. Vasiliev (04.45-09.05.45).
May 24, 1945 the boat was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
09/15/42 became part of the Caspian military flotilla.
15.04.43
as part of a separate detachment, the submarine began moving along inland waterways from Baku to Arkhangelsk
02.07.43
became part of the Training Division of the submarines of the Northern Fleet.
30.09.43
"S-104" arrived in Polyarnoye and began preparations for a combat exit, but as a result of a raid by a flight of Fw-190 fighters, got damaged and went to repair.
02.44
made the first military campaign, which ended in vain. Upon the return of the S-104 to the base on February 5, 1944, Captain 3rd Rank Nikiforov was removed from command of the boat.
13.04.44
"S-104" went to sea, but almost immediately believed because of the faults found.
April 21, 1944 the boat again went on a campaign, and the next day almost became a victim of the German U-boat. An attempt by S-104 to intercept an enemy convoy also failed. Success came only in the next campaign.
20.06.44
the boat with a four-torpedo volley sends an enemy hunter "Uj-1209" to the bottom. The enemy PLO forces counterattacked, inflicting damage on the S-104,
as a result of which, upon returning to the base, the boat stood up for repairs.
08-09.44
The next campaign in August-September 1944 did not bring any results.
12.10.44
within the framework of the Petsamo-Kirkines operation, the submarine was successful - it launched the Lumme transport (1.730 brt) to the bottom, some sources say that the Uj-1220 hunter was sunk along with the transport, that is, the boat made a "doublet". On the night of October 15, 1944, the S-104 attacked the convoy again, and although its commander was credited with sinking a transport of 5,000 gross tons, there was no confirmation of this from the enemy. 1944 became Tormsø, which was in the zone of operational responsibility of the allies, the exit of Soviet submarines to positions was stopped.
04.45
Captain-Lieutenant G.M. was appointed commander of the S-104. Vasiliev.
After the end of the war, S-104 served in the North.
April 6, 1954 she was listed in the Pacific Fleet and the Northern Sea Route moved to the Far East.
So, S-104 completed 6 combat campaigns:
18.01.1944 — 05.02.1944, 13.04.1944 — ??.??.????, 21.04.1944 — 07.05.1944, 11.06.1944 — 26.06.1944,
15.08.1944 — 13.09.1944, 08.10.1944 — 24.10.1944.
Results: 06/20/1944 Submarine ship "Uj-1209" was sunk, 10/12/1944 Lumme (1.730 brt) was sunk, 10/12/1944 Submarine ship "Uj-1220" was presumably sunk.
8.2.12. Shch-401 X-series
Senior lieutenant, captain-lieutenant A.E. Moiseev
(before 24.04.42?)
23.06.41
patrolling north coast Norway. No results received. On board division commander Kolyshkin. Having not met enemy ships in the sea, on June 27 the boat approached the roadstead of the port of Varde. Having discovered that two small Norwegian ships had taken refuge in the harbor, the “pike” fired a torpedo at one of them, which became the first Soviet submarine fired in the Second World War. The absence of an explosion can be explained by the fact that the torpedo was fired from a distance exceeding its range. Although in his report Kolyshkin claimed that the boat fired from 16 kbt, there is reason to believe that in reality this value exceeded 4000 m (21.6 kbt). Having departed more seaward, "Sch-401" lay down on the ground. 
By order of the commander, the depth setting of the torpedoes in the torpedo tubes was changed. To perform this operation, it was necessary to pull the torpedoes into the compartment, which took several hours. By the end of the work, the battery capacity was insufficient to repeat the maneuver. Only on June 28, Shch-401 re-entered the bay, but the transport was no longer there.
07-24.07.41
in the second campaign, Moiseev first tried to attack two armed transports, but was easily detected by them (the commander used the periscope at full speed with weak sea waves) and fired upon by diving shells. On the afternoon of the 14th, the commander missed the convoy, and the next morning fired a torpedo at one of the armed trawlers, which turned out to be German submarine hunters. A minute after the shot, a dull explosion was heard on the boat (apparently, one of the torpedoes spontaneously exploded), after which the hunters who noticed the felling dropped 36 depth charges on the Shch-401, fortunately, without damaging it.
In August 1941 the submarine underwent a navigational repair at Murmansk shipyard,
moreover, during one of the air raids, the crew lost two people killed and three wounded.
10.9 -6.10.41 and 25.10 -12.11.41 these two campaigns did not lead to encounters with the enemy, but revealed numerous technical problems, aggravated by the improper operation of the mechanisms. The boat had to return to Polyarnoye on one diesel engine.
November 1941 repair work.
22.12.41-13.01.42
went to a position in the Kongs-fjord area. The polar night and stormy weather greatly complicated the navigation of the boat, but allowed it to stay close to the coast around the clock without fear of being detected by observation posts from land. 
On the evening of December 29, Moiseev, from a surface position, missed a detachment of German auxiliary minesweepers, and on the night of January 7 attacked a convoy. Although the commander later claimed that he heard an explosion a minute later, the enemy did not notice this attack.
05 - 26.02.42
the sixth campaign was made in the region of Varde. Storm waves several times flooded the central post through the open hatchway, knocking out its electrical equipment. The roll reached values at which electrolyte poured out of the battery tanks, and the horizontal rudders jammed several times with wave impacts. Of the enemy ships, only patrols were encountered, which themselves repeatedly dropped depth charges on the "pike" or threatened with a ram.
On the night of 04/11/42 went to sea on her last voyage. During the first week of the campaign, she was in the position of covering the allied convoy QP-10, but on the 18th she moved to the Norwegian coast in the area of Cape Nordkin (for orientation, see the figure above). After 5 days, Moiseev reported that he had used up the torpedoes in the bow tubes, expecting that this should be followed by an order to return to the base. Naval headquarters preferred not to take the hint, and this led to fatal consequences. Obviously, following the Norwegian coast in a westerly direction, Moiseev suddenly ran into a German anti-submarine minefield "Karin" that had been set up near Nordkin a month ago. The headquarters of the fleet at that time was not yet aware of the laying of mines in the area and, therefore, did not warn the commander about the observance of any precautions. After the war, it turned out from German materials that the "pike" managed to inflict considerable damage on the enemy. On the morning of April 23, in the area of Cape Sletnes, an underwater explosion sank the Norwegian ship Shtenzaas (1359 brt), mobilized by the enemy, carrying military equipment to Kirkenes. During a two-hour pursuit, two German hunters dropped 29 depth charges on the submarine, but they did not notice any signs of its destruction. The Germans themselves explained this by the correct evasion tactics chosen by the Russian commander: move simultaneously with the hunters and stop at the time of the hydroacoustic search.
24.04.42.Shch-401 (commander Lieutenant Commander A.E. Moiseev) went missing in the area of Tana-fjord - Cape Nordkin.
She may have been killed by a mine or on April 24 she was the victim of an erroneous attack by Soviet torpedo boats TKA-13 and TKA-14 off Vardø. 43 people died.
After the death of the Shch-401, a rule was introduced according to which a boat that had used up torpedoes in the bow tubes had the right to return to the base without asking permission, but only informing the command.
8.2.13. Shch-402 X-series
Senior lieutenant, captain-lieutenant N. G. Stolbov (until 14.08.42)
Captain 3rd rank A. M. Kautsky (31.08.42-09.44?)
04/03/42 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
07/25/43 became the guards
Since the beginning of WWII made 16 military campaigns, sinking 9 TR and BC (50,000 brt).
07/14/41 entered the harbor of Honningsvåg (Magerø island). 
She found an enemy transport anchored, approached him at a distance of 4 cabs and fired two torpedoes. The explosion was clearly visible through the periscope. The transport tilted and soon sank. Without being pursued, the boat left the harbor. It was the first of the Soviet submarines in the Great Patriotic War combat success.
03.03.42
after a successful attack by an enemy TShch, 30 miles from the North Cape, it was subjected to severe bombing, as a result of which the seams of fuel tanks parted. The submarine was left without fuel on the surface. 
"K-21" was sent to help her, which made the transfer of fuel to her (see paragraph for "K-21"). 
11.08.42
the submarine Shch-402 under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Nikolai Gurevich Stolbov, who met the war in this position in the rank of lieutenant commander, entered the position in the area of \u200b\u200bCape Nordkin - the port of Berlevog.
For two years of hostilities, the boat carried out 15 torpedo attacks on enemy ships and vessels on the approaches to the fjords of Northern Norway, two of them sank. 
August 14, 1943 in the Tanafjord area at 1:58 a.m., while charging batteries on a boat, a gas explosion occurred - electricians missed the ventilation period by 25 minutes and left their posts. The resulting fire engulfed the 2nd and 10th compartments of the boat, while 18 crew members of the ship and its commander, Captain 3rd Rank N.G., died. Stolbov. Of the command staff, only the commander of the electromechanical unit, engineer-captain-lieutenant A.D. Bolshakov, who took command of the ship, survived. Clear, selfless actions allowed the crew to bring the wounded submarine to the base. Upon returning to the base, the bodies of the dead were removed from the compartments and buried in a mass grave at the cemetery of the city of Polyarny.
September 1943(commander captain 3rd rank A.M. Kautsky) covered the Arctic convoy with valuable imported cargo in the Kara Sea. Safely returned to base. 
17 — 22.09.44 Shch-402 went missing in the Kongsfjord area.
Perhaps she died on a mine, or as a result of an erroneous attack by a Boston torpedo bomber from the 36th mine-torpedo air regiment of the Northern Fleet Air Force 5.5 miles north of Gamvik on the morning of September 21. 45 people died.
8.2.14. Shch-403 X-series
captain-lieutenant, captain of the 3rd rank S. I. Kovalenko (until 03.03.42),
captain-lieutenant P.V. Shipin (03.03.42-28.03.42 vrid),
captain 3rd rank K.M. Shuisky (28.03.42-17.10.43?)
July 1941 patrolling off the northern coast of Norway. No results received. Enemy not detected.
18.12.41
, following along the coast in a surface position, found a transport escorted by three escort ships. Having approached at a distance of 6 cabs, the commander caught the transport in the target of the protruding parts of the boat and fired a volley. There were no explosions. Then Kovalenko attacked the transport with stern vehicles. Again aiming at the protruding parts of the boat, and again a miss. Soon the convoy disappeared into the darkness. The case was a good lesson for the commander of the Shch-403. At the next meeting with the enemy, he no longer ignored the device for night aiming.
22.12.41
was on the surface. A white fire was seen. Turning on him, the commander began the rapprochement. Soon it was possible to establish that the light source was an unobscured porthole of the transport. The ship was escorted by four escort ships (so it seemed to the commander). In order to take an advantageous position for the attack, the boat lay down on a parallel course and at full speed began to enter the bow headings of the convoy. Kovalenko announced an artillery alert. Unexpectedly, two patrol boats enemy, following parallel to the convoy. The commander immediately turned to the left with the expectation of passing astern of them. After 3 minutes, two more boats appeared, now right on the bow. In addition, six more ships were seen around the boat. When 6 cabs were left before the object of attack, the transport suddenly turned to the right and Kovalenko began to quickly bring it to the lead angle (this time using a night sight). The next moment, a guard ship overtaking it appeared from behind the nose of the transport. The commander hurried to fire a torpedo, believing that if it passed along the nose of the transport, it would hit the guard. The second torpedo was fired by the boat with an interval of 10 s. The distance to the target was only 3 cab. One torpedo hit the transport, the other hit the patrol ship. For the first time in the fleet, two targets were hit with one salvo. And this is in conditions when the submarine was in the enemy's guard ring, and the enemy boats were, on the right abeam and astern, only 0.5 cab from it. After launching torpedoes, Shch-403, in the surface position, headed for the coast at full speed, so that the enemy would not be able to notice her against the background of dark rocks. And so it went. Enemy activity was directed towards the sea. He did not assume that our submarine was under the shore, which was within easy reach. Soon Shch-403 headed deep into the nearest fjord, safely avoiding pursuit.
12.02.42
left Polyarny for a military campaign in the area of Cape Nordkin - Laksefjord under the command of Lieutenant Commander Semyon Ivanovich Kovalenko.
On the night of February 19, 5 miles from Honningsvåg Bay, in poor visibility conditions, she met a detachment of German ships consisting of the Brummer mine layer (the former Norwegian Olav Tryggvasson) and minesweepers M-1502 and M-1503. Knowing that the enemy was in front of him, the commander of the enemy minzag ordered full speed, from a distance of 400-500 meters he went to ram the boat, which set in motion and, bypassing the Brummer in a large arc, passed in front of him. At the same time, her watch officer, navigator and boatswain, standing on the deck of the Pike, mistaking the Brummer for ... an escort ship of the allied convoy (!), Waving their hands to the German sailors and shouting about themselves “Russians, Russians!”. Since the boat avoided the ram, the enemy opened fire on it from all guns, achieving a direct hit on the strong hull. The German TShch M-1503 made a maneuver and after a few minutes went to the boat and inflicted a sliding ram blow behind the conning tower at an angle of 45 °. Commander S.I. Kovalenko, jumping out onto the bridge and assessing the situation, gave the command to stop the diesels in order to make an urgent dive. At this time, he was seriously wounded and fell on the bridge. His assistant, navigator and boatswain managed to go down. However, the next minute the navigator jumped up again and shouted: “Is anyone on the bridge?”. Receiving no response, he commanded “Everyone down! urgent dive!” and, standing on the ladder, managed to slam the hatchway in front of the very bow of the German minesweeper, which again went to the ram. A new powerful ramming attack on the boat followed. BUT the boat sank and left, and the seriously wounded commander and two foremen (where did they come from?) Were raised aboard the German TS. Further captivity, where S.I. Kovalenko's injured leg was amputated. Soon the Germans found out that he was a submarine commander and interrogations began, but they apparently turned out to be unsuccessful and he was thrown into a prison camp near Paris for submariners, where in 1944 he was shot by the Germans.
The fate of the next commander .. In November 1939, as a result of a collision with a fishing vessel in the Barents Sea, the Shch-401 submarine sank. Among the survivors were the commander of the boat K.M. Shuisky and his senior assistant A.K. Malyshev. For the death of the ship and people K.M. Shuisky was sentenced to death by a military tribunal, which was commuted to ten years in prison. In the autumn of 1941 he was returned to the Navy. After the disappearance of S.I. Kovalenko was entrusted with the command of Shch-403. Konstantin Matveyevich Shuisky made several successful military campaigns on the Shch-403, was awarded orders.
02 — 17.10.43"Shch-403" (commander captain 3rd rank K.M. Shuisky) went missing in the area of Kongs-fjord - Tana-fjord.
She probably died on a mine or from depth charges of the patrol ship "V-6102" on the morning of 13.10 in the area of Cape Mackaur. 46 people died.
8.2.15. Shch-404 seriesX
Captain 2nd rank V.A. Ivanov (until 03.43),
captain-lieutenant G.F. Makarenkov (03.43-06.44)
On January 17, 1942, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
In the Second World War, he completed 8 military campaigns ( 123.76 days) as a submarine commander. Came out in 9 torpedo attacks (fired 13 torpedoes), 1 artillery attack (fired 2 45-mm projectiles).
Combat campaigns:
05.07-23.09.41
(46.9 days). Torpedo attack 09/12/41.
6 torpedo attacks (6 torpedoes fired): the Norwegian transport "Ottar Jarl" / 1459 brt / was sunk), the Norwegian transport "Tanahorn" / 336 brt / was slightly damaged by an unexploded torpedo.
05.10.42-31.01.42
(27.8 days). 3 unsuccessful torpedo attacks (launched 7 torpedoes): Norwegian fishing motorboat "Bjørge" F 3 G (about 10 brt) was sunk by artillery fire.
08.03-08.06.42
(48.6 days). No results.
The fate of Alexei Kiryanvich Malyshev. The former first mate on the Shch-401 submarine escaped with the commander K.M. Shuisky during her death in November 1939 November 20, 1940 A.K. Malyshev became the commander of the Shch-422, on which he went to sea several times, was awarded the Order of Lenin for completing the combat missions of the command. But in June 1942, in the eighth campaign, disagreements arose between the commander and his new commissar, senior political instructor Abram Efimovich Tabenkin. In addition, the gyrocompass failed on the boat, and the commander, a former divisional navigator, undertook to repair it, but after the repair, the device fell into a generally hopeless state. As a result of all this, the military commissar sent a radiogram to the base with a request to withdraw the boat from the position due to the obvious cowardice of the commander. The ship was recalled to the base. The court of the military tribunal convicted and sentenced Malyshev to death. The verdict was carried out by fascist planes, which, as if by a bomb, hit the cell of the guardhouse in Polyarny, where he was kept at that time .. It should be noted that in the fate of A.K. Malyshev, there are a lot of “white spots”. By official version there was no verdict and Malyshev died during an air raid on Murmansk on September 4, 1942, although it is known that neither in these days, nor in the coming days, German aircraft raided either Murmansk or Polyarnoye. The reason for his removal lies, most likely, in his conflict with political agencies.
In June 1942 captain of the 3rd rank F.A. was appointed commander of the submarine. Vidyaev. Effective torpedo attacks followed. Three transports and one enemy patrol ship were sunk. 
09.42
under the command of Captain 3rd Rank F.A. Vidyaeva entered the battle with two guards and a two-torpedo volley from under the periscope, one of them sent to the bottom. This attack went down in the history of the war as one of the few cases of the destruction by a submarine of an anti-submarine ship pursuing it (see paragraph for EM "Active"). Upon returning to the F.A. Vidyaev was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner. 
In June 1943 F. A. Vidyaev was awarded the third Order of the Red Banner.
Before the next exit to the sea, Fedor Alekseevich wrote a letter to his family in Leningrad. He put a photograph in the envelope and wrote on the back: “To my son Konstantin, the future defender of our dear Motherland, from his father. Vidyaev. June 23, 1943. Active Fleet. This was his last letter.
01.07.43
Fedor Alekseevich Vidyaev went on his last, 19th campaign.
14.07.43"Sch-422" (commander captain 2nd rank F.A. Vidyaev). Missing in the Cape Mackaur-Vardø area.
She probably died on a mine, or was sunk with the entire crew (45 people) by depth charges and a hunter's ram "Uj-1217" in the Vardø area on July 5. Although, perhaps, as a result of the Uj-1217 attack, it was not Shch-422 that died, but M-106.
In honor of F. A. Vidyaev, a village in the Murmansk region and a submarine base in the Northern Fleet was named. Once the ship "Fedor Vidyaev" plowed the North Seas.
8.2.18,19,20,21. "B-1, 2, 3, 4" former British submarines
Year of construction 1931; Crew 38; Surface displacement - 640 tons, underwater - 927 tons; Dimension 58.8m x 7.3m x 3.2m; Armament six 533mm TA, 76mm deck gun; Two-shaft power package, diesel-electric, 1900/1300 hp; Cruising range underwater 4000 sea. miles (7412 km) at 10 knots; Surface speed - 15 knots.
At the end of 1943 according to the agreements in Tehran, a number of ships of the Navy were intended to be transferred to the Soviet Union on account of the division of the Italian fleet after the capitulation of Italy. The Soviet Union, the United States and Great Britain agreed on the division of the Italian fleet, but, taking into account some technical and diplomatic issues, the Allies proposed to transfer American and British ships for temporary use to the USSR: a battleship, a cruiser, 8 destroyers and 4 submarines. All of them were supposed to be part of the Northern Fleet. Submarines turned out to be the most modern of them. Three boats (P-42 Unbroken, P-43 Unison, P-59 Ursula), commissioned from 1938 to 1942, belonged to the Unity class, and the fourth (S-81 Sunfish), launched in 1937 - to the Swordfish type.
The Soviet command, having appreciated the fighting qualities of the British submarines, decided to entrust them to the most trained crews. Captain 1st rank A.V. Tripolsky, who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union back in the Finnish war. The commander of the "B-1", the former Sunfish, was the famous submariner of the Northern Fleet, Hero of the Soviet Union I.I. Fisanovich, the commanders of the remaining submarines - captain 3rd rank N.A. Panov, captain 3rd rank I.S. Kabo and captain 3rd rank Hero of the Soviet Union Ya.K. Iosseliani.
10.04.44
(according to other sources on March 9) 1944, submarines were enrolled in the Navy USSR under the designation "B-1", "B-2", "B-3" and "B-4".
30.05.44
in Rosyt, a solemn ceremony of handing over the ships to the Soviet crews took place.
10.06.44
The submarines moved to Dundee, where, under the guidance of British specialists, they practiced combat training tasks.
25.07.44
exactly at 20-00 "B-1" the first of the division's boats left the British shores. Behind her, the rest of the ships went to sea in turn. Apparently, the enemy became aware of the entry into the sea of Soviet submarines. Aviation and submarines were deployed along the division's transition route, several times trying to attack the B-3. However, she arrived safely at her destination, as did her "sisters" "B-2" and "B-4". 
Only "B-1" did not return home
, Possibly, on the morning of July 27 at the point 64°34′ N/01°16′ E. (according to other data 64? 31′ N / 01? 16′ W) was sunk by mistake by a Liberator aircraft of the 18th Air Group of the RAF Coastal Command. The entire crew (51 people) was killed.
The fate of the V-1 submarine still worries historians and the descendants of those who were waiting for her on the shore. The fleet has lost one of its best commanders. A special commission of the British Admiralty, investigating this case, found that the boat deviated from the route by 80 miles and was found in the surface position by an Allied patrol aircraft. Contrary to the instructions, when the aircraft appeared, the boat, without giving identification signals, began to sink, after which it was classified by the pilot as an enemy submarine and attacked with depth charges. Under similar circumstances, in May 1942, the Polish submarine Yastrzheb was lost, which, due to a navigational error, was on the route of the PQ-15 convoy and was shot by guard ships. Another victim of a tragic mistake was the crew of the British submarine Oxley. She left Dundee on 4 September 1939, the second day after Britain entered the war. Six days after the Oxley mistakenly entered the patrol zone of another British submarine, the Triton, fire was opened on her. The boat sank, killing 23 of the 25 crew members.
16.09.2009
In the Scottish city of Dundee, a solemn opening of a monument to submariners who left here on their last trip during the Second World War took place. Here, at the mouth of the River Tay, from 1940 to 1946 was the base of the 9th Flotilla of the Royal Navy - a formation that, along with British submarines, included submarines that fought under the flags of Norway, the Netherlands, Poland and Free France. These boats covered convoys going to Russia, landed sabotage groups on the coast of European countries occupied by the Nazis, hunted for German raiders in the Atlantic. 
The names of 6 submarines and the names of 296 sailors from different countries, including the crew members of the Soviet submarine "B-1" under the command of Hero of the Soviet Union Captain 2nd Rank I. Fisanovich, are engraved on the stone slab of the monument.
Israel Ilyich Fisanovich selflessly overcame all obstacles and difficulties on the way to the commander's bridge. Among the cadets of the naval school, at first he turned out to be the youngest and least prepared for military service. However, Fisanovich became the first in his graduation and received Marshal K.E. Voroshilov personalized silver watch. The arrest of his father, who confessed under torture that he was spying for Nazi Germany and later died in a prison hospital, it would seem, should have broken the career of a young talented commander, but this did not happen.
I.I. Fisanovich was a born submariner, a romantic and a poet of naval service. Under the command of Fisanovich, the M-172 submarine made 17 combat campaigns, destroying 7 TRs and 1 enemy patrol ship. According to the domestic rating, he takes 7th place among submariners in terms of the effectiveness of military operations in the Second World War. Fisanovich even had the courage to come to his father's funeral in his native Kharkov in the midst of Stalin's repressions, because of which he immediately found himself on the list of politically unreliable officers and rolled down several steps down the official ladder.
In the very first military campaign, Fisanovich, who replaced the commander of the "baby" M-172, who was put on trial for cowardice, and Hero of the Soviet Union I.A. Kolyshkin carried out a daring breakthrough into the enemy port of Liinakhamari, where they successfully attacked the transport that was under unloading. This technique was immediately adopted by other commanders, as well as, somewhat later, the method of non-periscope attack of a surface target according to hydroacoustic observation, which he used for the first time in the Soviet fleet.
But submariners remember not only the combat achievements of Fisanovich. From the pen of Israel Ilyich came out the "History of the Baby", heartfelt describing the everyday life and exploits of the crew of the native M-172. He also owns the wonderful words of the "Anthem of the Submariners":
There is no higher happiness than the fight against enemies, And there are no bolder submariners, And there is no firmer ground under our feet Than the decks of submarines.
Pay attention to the quatrain from Valentin Pikul's book "Requiem for the Caravan PQ-17", published in 1970:
The enemy is doomed. We go through steel and flame. Let them bomb. Let's see who's smarter. and there is no ground harder under our feet than the decks of submarines.
………………………………………………………………….
So this is the 3rd verse of the "Anthem of the Submariners". True, Pikul replaced the first words “The enemy is drowned” with “The enemy is doomed”, apparently, according to the meaning of the book, Pikul dedicated these lines to the commander of the K-21 submarine N.A. Lunin, who was ordered to attack the battleship Tirpitz and protect the PQ-17 convoy.
The character of Fisanovich can also be judged from an excerpt from a letter written by him on December 21, 1943, shortly before the last campaign: “... The day after tomorrow I will turn 29. Considering that Alexander the Great died having conquered the universe earlier than these years, and Don Juan (don Juan) of Austria, being a few years younger, won one of the greatest naval battles in the Gulf of Lepanto, then I did not have enough time in my life. However, the times, apparently, are not the same, and I am the youngest captain of the 2nd rank in our country and the youngest person in my position. This kind of calms me, although it does not certify in any way.
It is difficult to say why exactly "B-1" was the only boat lost on the passage from England to Polyarny. Although it was Fisanovich who was overwhelmed by the greatest doubts about the choice of the route he proposed and distrust of the allies, expressed by him to the divisional commander before going to sea. To top it all off, a few hours earlier, some “well-wisher” had reported that a delayed-action mine had been planted on the submarine. The boat was carefully examined, but the mine was not found ...
The opening ceremony of the monument was attended by a member of the royal family, the Duke of Gloucester, ambassadors Russian Federation, the Netherlands and Poland, the commanders of the submarine forces of Norway, France and the British Navy, representatives of local authorities, members of the British Association of Submariners, as well as veteran submariners from Norway.
In response to the greetings of the veterans, the Duke of Gloucester said: “I was born in 1944, it is I who should salute you. Front-line 100 grams for those who are at sea.
Among the participants in the ceremony was the former German submariner, 89-year-old Mr. Time, whose submarine in 1939 sank the British destroyer Kingston in the Norwegian fjord. Time said: “These people are worthy of our respect. It doesn't matter what nationality they were - they all did their duty. It is wonderful that now this monument will remind of them.”
For comparison, we present the following data:
Ships and vessels sunk (+) and damaged (=) by submarines of type C, Shch, B of the Northern Fleet in 1941-45
Submarines of the "Sch" type, or, as they were also called, "pikes" occupy a special place in the history of domestic shipbuilding. These were the most numerous (86 units!) Medium submarines of the Soviet fleet during the Great Patriotic War. They actively participated in the fighting in the Baltic, the Black Sea, in the Arctic; their torpedoes and artillery sank a German submarine, a patrol ship, two landing craft and at least 30 enemy transports. But the price of victories turned out to be extremely high: 31 "pikes" did not return to their home base and remained at sea forever. Moreover, the circumstances of the death of many submarines are unknown to this day ...
However, we will not dwell on the history of the service of submarines. We offer exclusive material - reconstruction appearance"pike" of all six series: III, V, V-bis, V-6hc-2, X and X-bis. The developed drawings are based on original documentation from the funds of the Central Naval Museum (TsVMM), the Russian State Archive of the Navy (RGAVMF), as well as special literature and numerous photographs.
Despite the fact that all series of boats of the Shch type were quite similar in their characteristics, outwardly they differed significantly from each other. So, the first four submarines Shch-301 - Shch-304 (III series) had a straight stem, a narrow superstructure and a cabin fence, in the aft part of which there were gratings of ventilation shafts. The nasal horizontal rudders were of a peculiar design - they “horns” in the front part entered into special slots in the hull. The bow gun originally had a bulwark, but immediately after the tests it was removed, and the felling fence itself was completely rebuilt. For the convenience of the calculation of the 45-mm guns, reclining semicircular platforms were installed, and later, during overhaul, these platforms became permanent and were equipped with a tubular railing.
On submarines of the V series, built for the Pacific Fleet, the shape of the bow rudders was changed (it became typical for all subsequent pike series) and the width of the superstructure was increased. The felling fence was radically reconstructed, placing a second 45-mm gun on it. The stem became inclined, and its contours in the upper part formed a small "bulb". The length of the light body has increased by 1.5 m.
Submarines of the V-bis series differed from their predecessors only in the form of a false keel and a logging fence (the latter lost its kind of “balcony” above the first gun). But on the V-6nc-2 series, the contours of the light hull were changed and the wheelhouse guard was redesigned again. Moreover, the Pacific boats of this type differed from the Baltic and Black Sea ones in the shape of the sides of the navigation bridge.
Submarines of the X series looked the most exotic due to the introduction of a streamlined cabin fence of the so-called "limousine" type. Otherwise, they practically did not differ from the ships of the V-bis-2 series, with the exception, perhaps, of the “hump” that appeared above the deck tank and diesel mufflers.
Since the expected increase in speed in a submerged position did not occur in the X series boats, and the flooding of the navigation bridge increased, on the last series of "pikes" of the X-bis series, a more traditional logging fence was used, reminiscent of that designed for submarines of the "C" type. The bow 45-mm gun is now installed directly on the superstructure deck. The hull remained unchanged, but the underwater anchor disappeared from its equipment.
Racks of antennas and network taps on boats of the III, V and V-bis series had an L-shape and were connected by crossbars. The net cables ran from bow to stern, in front of the bow strut they were combined into one.
In the “pikes” \/-bis-2 and X series, the racks of the network outlets became single, on the X-bis series they were absent altogether. Some of the boats were equipped with “Catfish” and “Crab” net cutters, which were a system of cutters (four on the stem, two on the tank linearly elevated and one on each side), as well as a system of guy wires that protect the protruding parts of the boat from getting wires of net barriers. In practice, these devices turned out to be ineffective, and they were gradually dismantled, closing the saw on the stem with metal sheets.
The exhaust holes of the mufflers in the superstructure on the boats of the first four series were on both sides, on the submarines of the X and X-bis series - on one, port side. Only on the left side was the anchor used in the surface position.
The location of the scuppers in the superstructure, which is often an individual sign of the ship and therefore of particular interest to modellers, is usually not indicated on the design drawings (since it is of no fundamental importance). On the proposed pike drawings, the scuppers are drawn from photographs and therefore their location may not be entirely accurate (this is especially true for Shch-108). It should also be borne in mind that the cutting of scuppers on boats of the same series often differed very much; These differences are most clearly demonstrated by the Baltic and Black Sea “pikes” of the X series.
The appearance of the Shch type submarines also changed due to the upgrades carried out during the service. So, the folding parts of the gun platforms were gradually replaced by permanent ones and equipped with rails. Based on the experience of sailing in broken ice and in fresh weather, the outer covers of the torpedo tubes were dismantled on parts of the boats. Instead of a second gun, a DShK machine gun was sometimes installed, and the Pacific Fleet had improvised installations, along with a standard pedestal one. Remote 7.62-mm machine guns M-1 ("Maxim") were not always placed on regular places in the surface position. The radiators of the sound underwater communication installation were located on the deck (upper) and in a special enclosure (lower). During the war, some "pikes" received "Asdik" ("Dragon -129") sonars and a degaussing device with windings outside the hull at the level of the superstructure deck.
Coloring: in the Baltic boats, the hull and superstructure above the waterline were gray-spherical, in the Black Sea - dark gray, in the North Sea - gray-green. The underwater part is black (kuzbasslak) or coated with antifouling compositions No. 1 and 2 (dark red and dark green). In besieged Leningrad, in addition to camouflage nets, boats were painted white - under the snow background. Screws - bronze. Lifebuoys were painted in the color of the hull; after the war they became red and white (three sectors of each color). The letters of the names of the boats in the bow (on III, V, V-bis, \/-bis-2 series) are brass. The alphanumeric designation on the wheelhouse is white (except for the V series, where it was yellow or blue with a black outline); during the war years, they were painted under the main color of the hull. The number of claimed victories was indicated by a number in a circle located in the center of a red star in a white outline, drawn on each boat individually. The star was always placed in the bow of the cabin, approximately in the middle of the height or below the windows.
Submarines of the "Sch" type:
1 - rudder feather; 2- wave-cutting shields of torpedo tubes; 3.9 - wake lights; 4 bale straps; 5 - ducks; 6 - life buoys; 7,13,37 - racks of network outlets; 8- network outlet (combined with a radio antenna); 10- gyrocompass repeaters; 11 - periscopes; 12 - magnetic compasses; 14 - direction finder antennas; 15 - 45-mm guns 21-K; 16 - mooring spiers; 17 - bollards; 18 - direction finder antennas; 19.35 - bow horizontal rudders; 20 - fender; 21 - hatches; 22 - emergency exit hatches; 23 hinged covers over the boats; 24 - folding gratings of the superstructure; 25 - stern horizontal rudders; 26 - folding bars over the torpedo loading hatch; 27- stern flagpole; 28 muffler exhaust valves; 29 - retractable masts; 30 - anti-aircraft machine gun "Maxim"; 31.32 - running lights; 33 - guisstock; 34 - hatches over the fenders of 45-mm cartridges; 36 - anchor clewse (on all submarines - only from the port side); 38- V-shaped radio antenna rack; 39 - bale strips with network outlets; 40 - radio antenna; 41 - retractable davit; 42 lifting hook niches
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Performance characteristics of submarines type "Shch" |
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V-bis |
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Normal displacement, cub.m |
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Maximum length, m |
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Maximum width, m |
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Draft average (along the keel), m |
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Diesel power, hp |
2x685 |
2x685 |
2x685 |
2x800 |
2x800 |
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Power of electric motors, h.p. |
2x400 |
2x400 |
2x400 |
2x400 |
2x400 |
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Travel speed, knots: max. surface |
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economy, surface |
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most underwater |
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economy, underwater |
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Cruising range, miles: surface economic course |
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underwater in full swing |
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underwater economic course |
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Crew, pers. |
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Number of 533 mm torpedo tubes: bow |
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fodder |
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Artillery armament: number of guns X x caliber in mm |
2x45 |
2x45 |
2x45 |
2x45 |
2x45 |
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Number of boats built (years of entry into service) |
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