Socialization does not stop when a child enters an orphanage, it goes on as usual, but the question is how it continues and how it differs from family. Socialization is the most important issue, very serious and requiring careful analysis, since the whole future life of a person depends on how socialization went in childhood, it is in childhood that everything is laid that then helps to live throughout life.
Social preparation of preschool children brought up in an orphanage 2016
A well-organized upbringing should prepare a person for the three main roles in life - citizen, worker, family man. From a social point of view, education is a purposeful preparation of the young generation for life in a given and future society, carried out through specially created state and public structures, controlled and corrected by society.
Fundamentals of interpersonal interaction of socio-pedagogical and socio-psychological support of a young family in social service organizations 2016
The family is a system of human social functioning that changes not only under the influence of socio-political conditions, but also due to the internal processes of its development. The types of family relations are changing, the system of power and subordination in family life, the roles and functional dependence of spouses, the situation of children are changing, many scientists characterize the current state of the family as a crisis.
Prevention of school absenteeism 2016
The article is devoted to the organization in educational institution work to prevent missed classes without a good reason. It can be used in the work of teachers, class teachers and social teachers of educational institutions.
Extra-curricular event "Healthy Leisure - Healthy Youth" 2016
The event is designed for teenagers 11-12 years old. In my work I use this form preventive work like a theatrical performance. In my opinion, the theater is always spectacular and impressive. The child, watching the performance on stage, experiences these situations. The aim of the work is to form motivation for a healthy lifestyle; organization of leisure activities for minors; awareness of the importance of health for self-affirmation.
Methodological materials on the organization of pedagogical prevention of unauthorized departures and asocial behavior of pupils 2016
The purpose of the lesson: socio-pedagogical prevention of unauthorized departures and antisocial behavior.
Intellectual game on the law "What? Where? When?" 2016
The purpose of the game: to improve the work of legal education of students. Form of the event: intellectual game. Age senior students. Almost any number of teams are allowed to participate in the game. Each can include from 6 to 20 people.
Class hour "Do not do to another what you do not wish yourself" 2016
A positive attitude towards oneself is an important condition for the full development of the child's personality. For its formation, children need to feel their own importance in the eyes of other people. Recognition of the value of the child is expressed in parental love, attention, care and respect for his dignity by others. The formation of a positive attitude of the child towards himself and others is facilitated by the realization of the uniqueness, uniqueness of himself and others.
New Year's psychological action "Let everything you wish come true!" 2016
The psychological action in the month before the New Year created in kindergarten a homely, comfortable atmosphere, a certain mood in which a positive mood reigned, and the participants felt like close, interesting and significant people. The action was intended to reduce the risks in the adaptation of new employees, and to the team - to sincerely smile, unite even more and work more productively. After all positive thinking is the key to success at work!
Game-quest "We are for a healthy lifestyle!" 2016
The proposed event contributes to the development of the intellectual and physical abilities of students, awakening in them the desire to take care of their health, saturates school life, making it interesting and exciting. Children learn to form their own opinions, listen and hear others, work actively and creatively in a team, showing their individuality. The format of the game is convenient to use within one lesson physical culture. Teams take turns performing tasks at different sites.
Correctional and developmental lesson "Now I am a fifth-grader!" 2016
A correctional and developmental lesson is conducted with the aim of adapting children in secondary school. The lesson helps every fifth grader to enter into the world as easily and joyfully as possible. new stage schooling; supports and develops in children an interest in knowledge; helps them communicate with new classmates and teachers.
Interdepartmental interaction in solving social and pedagogical problems of a child in an educational organization 2016
The range of activities of a social pedagogue is very wide: from working with the immediate environment of students to coordinating actions with various social partners, subjects of prevention, without whose participation it is often impossible to effectively, efficiently and effectively solve the problems of a child and his family. The development reflects not only the problems solved with the subjects of interdepartmental interaction, but also the regulatory requirements for the mandatory notification of each other about the presence of such problems.
Parent meeting "Reasons for teenage suicide. The role of adults in helping a teenager in crisis situations" 2016
Socially insecure children 2016
In order for a child to feel happy, be able to better adapt and overcome difficulties, he needs to have a positive image of himself and society.
Campaign "Health - green light!" 2016
The most precious gift that a person receives from nature is health. The state of health of the younger generation is the most important indicator of the well-being of society and the state, reflecting not only the present situation, but also giving an accurate forecast for the future. The significant deterioration in the health of the population of Russia, especially children, observed in recent years, has become a nationwide problem.
Taking into account the age characteristics of cadets as a condition for the prevention of violations in their behavior 2016
Modern research on deviant behavior focuses not so much on the issues of its correction, although this is certainly important, but on the prevention of deviations in behavior. Undoubtedly, prevention is better than cure. And one of the most effective and available ways prevention is the knowledge of the age characteristics of adolescents and the ability to use this knowledge in the educational process.
Psychological training for teenagers using parables and fiction "The world of your house" 2016
Psychological training is a form of specially organized learning for self-improvement of the student's personality, during which the formation of adolescents' ideas about the family as the basic value of life and society, the development of the qualities necessary for favorable coexistence with relatives and friends. This development can be used in the work of educational psychologists, social educators, teachers of 4-11 grades.
2016
The project is implemented in the reflex-dialogue technology, in modern conditions dialogue acquires a new meaning and quality, speaking basic principle communicative content of education. The ability of students to conduct a fruitful, effective dialogue in various areas of the socio-cultural sphere, to learn the world dialogically, becomes the most important communicative property.
2016
Now every child has the opportunity to play with the ball. However, surveys of parents in recent years have shown that little attention is paid to ball games. We have been using ball games for correctional work in our practice for a long time. Trained parents on parent meeting play the ball. Ball games are of great importance in the development of the child.
Preventive hour "Live in peace with yourself and in harmony with others" 2016
Preventive hour contributes to the creation of conditions for the formation of tolerant behavior of participants in the educational process. Promotes the formation of interpersonal relations of students in the spirit of acceptance, understanding, recognition; develops the ability to adequately and fully know oneself and other people.
The script of the holiday for the Day of National Unity "We are one country" 2016
This event is aimed at instilling patriotic feelings in children: love for the Motherland, native land, tolerance for people of all nationalities living in our country. To develop in children an interest in the history of Russia, in the history of their native land, city.
Integrated lesson (psychology + religious studies) "Cultural-religious and psychological aspects of attitude towards death" 2016
The purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of \u200b\u200bdeath as the most important stage in the spiritual development of a person and about psychological factors accompanying the process of dying.
Professional orientation of preschoolers through acquaintance with spatio-temporal types of creativity as part of training at the theater studio "Nomads" 2016
Stage activity synthesizes in itself such types of creativity as acting, dance, vocals, artistic reading, etc. The task of the theater teacher is to create favorable conditions for bright and useful impressions for preschoolers. With an excellent career guidance, the child will be introduced to different professions of theatrical art.
Help of a mentor in the development of a teenager's personality 2016
Four main factors influence the formation of a person's worldview. Family is the influence of parents, family traditions, personal experience of parents and other relatives, preschool, school and professional institutions. The world, this is nature, acquaintances, the media, everything that surrounds a person in life. Inner desire for self-knowledge and self-development. A harmonious personality grows if in its development the influence of these four main factors affects equally.
The development of a morally free personality of adolescents brought up in various social conditions 2016
AT educational institutions it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of adolescents in the practice of the educational process. It is necessary to expand ideas about the psychological characteristics of the formation value orientations and moral consciousness of modern adolescents, allowing to improve the methods and techniques of an individual approach to adolescents in the process of their education and moral education.
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INTRODUCTION
CONCLUSION
LIST OF USED SOURCES
APPENDIX
INTRODUCTION
Youth plays a significant role in the socio-demographic, economic, political and cultural life of society. The role and importance of youth in society increases with the complexity and development of its structures.
Youth - a generation of people passing through the stage of socialization, assimilating, and at a more mature age already assimilating, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions; depending on specific historical conditions, the age criteria for youth can range from 14 to 30 years.
Today, the youth of the Russian Federation is 39.6 million young citizens, i.е. 27% of the total population of the country.
Social problems youth are due to the fact that youth is closely related to the idea of dependence. Most of the youth (students, students, etc.) are not yet included in the production process and therefore "live on credit." Most young people do not have personal autonomy in making decisions about their lives. Young people solve the problem of moral and spiritual self-determination. It is necessary to highlight the fact that young people face the problem of choosing a sphere labor activity, career choice. Problems are also caused by the need for marriage choice and childbearing.
The degree of research development. In social work, there is a direction dedicated to youth, many textbooks and teaching aids have been written (Volkov, Pavlenok, Vishnevsky, and others). There are studies devoted to the problems of youth: I.M. Ilyinsky developed the concept of youth and the youth movement, K. Mannheim determined the purpose of youth.
The object of the research is social work with youth.
The subject of the research is the forms of social work with youth in the conditions public associations.
The purpose of the study: to analyze the features of social work
with youth.
Describe youth as a socio-demographic group,
Analyze the legal framework for social work with youth,
To identify the direction of social work with youth.
Methods that were used in the work: analysis of recent youth statistics, study and analysis of sources and regulatory framework, system-structural method, questioning.
All this determines the need for social work with this demographic group.
1. Socio-demographic characteristics of youth
1.1 Features of the socio-demographic group of young people in modern conditions
It is impossible to study the tendencies of social changes in today's youth without considering the demographic processes taking place in society. The socio-demographic indicators of modern Russian society, on the one hand, are the result of the negative impact of transformational processes, on the other hand, they reflect objective trends that are characteristic of many developed countries and have a general civilizational character.
Youth is a state of the stage of a person's life when the social potential formed in "childhood" and "youth" enters its active phase in terms of change. social status man, saturate him social life social roles. On the other hand, “youth” as a concept has an evaluative meaning and refers to the characteristics of the entire age group of the population, which is usually called youth, and in this sense it has a single content. Therefore, it is used in relation to both 16-year-olds and 30-year-olds, i.e. "Youth", as a socio-demographic group of the population, is heterogeneous, has an internal structure: these are groups of young people by sex and age, by marital status and the amount of property that a person owns, by level of education and qualifications, by occupation, etc. . Moreover, according to the current legislation, the concept of “youth” includes people under 30 years old, and the concept of “young family” includes spouses whose age does not exceed 35 years.
In this sense, the concept of "youth" is more conducive to the understanding of youth as a social phenomenon. Youth is an organic part of various classes and social strata, ethnic and confessional groups of the population, their product, the bearer of their qualitative characterological features. At the same time, youth and young people, although they have their own specific interests and needs, reproduce the basic qualities of the social structure of society, social relations generally.
The concept of "youth" means not just a socio-demographic group, but a specific integrity that synthesizes the most typical properties subject, while the factor that unites young people into such integrity is the fact that they have specific, only their inherent interests, both today's and long-term.
Young people in a significant part have the level of mobility, intellectual activity and health that distinguishes them favorably from other groups of the population. At the same time, any society faces the question of the need to minimize the costs and losses that the country incurs due to the problems associated with the socialization of young people and their integration into a single economic, political and socio-cultural space.
The German sociologist K. Mannheim (1893-1947) determined that youth is a kind of reserve that comes to the fore when such a revival becomes necessary to adapt to rapidly changing or qualitatively new circumstances. Dynamic societies sooner or later must activate and even organize them (resources that in a traditional society are not mobilized and integrated, but often suppressed).
The youth, according to K. Mannheim, performs the function of an enlivening mediator of social life; this function has as its important element incomplete inclusion in the status of society. This parameter is universal and is not limited by place or time. The decisive factor that determines the age of puberty is that at this age young people enter public life and in modern society for the first time encounter a chaos of antagonistic assessments.
Young people, according to K. Mannheim, are neither progressive nor conservative in nature, they are a potency, ready for any undertaking.
Young people as a special age and social group have always perceived the values of culture in their own way, which gave rise to different times youth slang and shocking forms of subculture. Their representatives were hippies, beatniks, dudes in the USSR and the post-Soviet space - informals. Every young person needs to assimilate the norms of values, attitudes, ideas and stereotypes developed by society and various groups. Technologies of social work with youth are an important part of the technological arsenal social services not only because the problems of this socio-demographic category of the population are very extensive and difficult, but also because it is the youth that will determine the fate of our country in the 21st century.
Youth is characterized by those social relations and social forms that define it as an independent socio-demographic group. The youth has a number of features arising, first of all, from its very objective essence. The social characteristics of youth are determined by the specific position that it occupies in the process of reproducing the social structure, as well as the ability not only to inherit, but also to transform existing social relations. The contradictions that arise within this process underlie a whole range of specific youth problems.
Young people aged 15 to 29 make up about 22-25% of the total population of the country. Changes in the scale of the birth rate in the Russian Federation have led to the “aging” of young people, i.e. an increase in the proportion of 25-29 year olds. The level of reproduction of young families (which account for the bulk of childbirth) is low, which, as a rule, is due to unsettled life, the uncertainty of the future, and the presence of various social risks. The number of women mothers who are not in a registered marriage is increasing, a significant proportion of whom are under the age of 20, which reflects a trend towards a decrease in the age of onset of sexual activity and an increase in premarital pregnancies.
According to the annual Report of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Youth Affairs, it can be concluded that a decrease in the population, a low birth rate, along with a significant deterioration in the health of young people, leads to a deterioration in the gene pool of the nation, which, in turn, may pose a threat to the national security of the country. The deterioration of the health status of the population of Russia, according to experts, has no precedents in industrialized countries in peacetime.
A significant decrease in the level and quality of life of the majority of young Russians, an increase in social tension that causes stress, exacerbation environmental issues, especially in cities, and other similar reasons lead to an increase in the number of diseases, including the emergence of epidemics and socially determined diseases.
Faster puberty and early onset of sexual activity have led to the emergence of the phenomenon of "teenage motherhood", which negatively affects the health of both newborns and their mothers. Particularly relevant is the problem of abortion among young people. Every year, up to 250-280 thousand abortions are performed, i.e. one in ten abortions in the country occurs in this age group.
Factors unfavorable for the development of young people include the spread of smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse. Suicide rates among young people remain high. The desire to get away from real problems in an illusory world contributes to the massive spread of alcoholism and drug addiction among adolescents. Drug addiction today is becoming a powerful factor in social disorganization, posing a great threat to the normal functioning of the entire social organism. According to experts, the reasons for the growth of drug addiction to a certain extent are the result of a conflict between the individual and society, which is especially clearly manifested in the crisis of socialization.
The number of young people among workers in industry, construction, and transport is falling. In connection with the changes taking place in the Russian economy, the share of young people in the non-productive sphere is growing. At the same time, the alienation of part of the youth from work, which is characterized by the unwillingness of young people to work well and efficiently, the lack of desire for professionally qualified and career growth. The number of young people in the countryside has decreased, because young people prefer to work not in the field of agricultural production, but in urban enterprises and organizations. Recently, many have actively rushed into the sphere of trade. In this regard, there is a danger of the emergence of a “lost generation” during the transition to a market economy and further expansion of the social base to replenish risk groups, criminalization and an increase in the level of violence among young people.
Traditionally, risk groups include persons without a fixed place of residence, engaged in prostitution, alcoholics, drug addicts.
Implementation market relations in its current forms exacerbated the problem of social protection of youth in the sphere of work. Young workers are the first to be laid off and join the ranks of the unemployed.
Among the particularly alarming trends in the current situation in the youth sphere is the lag in the level of education from the level achieved by the most developed countries; the growing decline in the prestige of general and vocational education; an increase in the number of young people starting work with a low level of education and not focused on continuing education; unpreparedness of higher, professional and high school to work in new conditions; the decline in the intellectual level of the graduate student corps - the future of Russian science, the outflow of gifted young men and women from many universities and from the country. The economic reform has exacerbated the serious problems of youth in the sphere of everyday life. Earnings of young workers and employees are often lower than in general for workers in the public sector of the economy. The creation of families and the birth of children further worsen the financial situation of young people. Incomplete young families and families with children found themselves in a particularly difficult social and financial situation. The factor that largely determines the image and lifestyle of young people is the criminalization and commercialization of their leisure. The problem of the personal safety of young people is becoming increasingly relevant: sociological studies show that about 50% of them have ever been subjected to physical violence by peers or adults, and 40% have experienced assault by their parents. Violence as a way of life is increasingly taking on organized forms in the youth sector. In Russia, over 50% of all crimes are committed by young people aged 14-29. Solving the diverse and acute problems of youth in Russia is possible only through the implementation of a consistent state youth policy.
Social work with youth in our country and in many other countries is part of the state youth policy. State youth policy is “the activity of the state to create socio-economic, legal, organizational conditions and guarantees for the social formation and development of young citizens, the most complete implementation creativity youth for the benefit of the whole society”.
The object of state policy is young people from 14 to 30 years old, young families and youth associations.
The main goals of the state youth policy are:
Promoting the social, cultural, cultural and physical development of youth;
Prevention of discrimination against young citizens on the basis of age qualification;
Creation of conditions for the full participation of young people in the socio-economic, political and cultural life of society;
Empowerment young man in choosing your life path, achieving personal success;
Implementation of the innovative potential of youth in the interests of social development and the youth themselves.
The implementation of the state youth policy, and, consequently, social work with youth, is carried out on the following principles.
1. The unity and integrity of the approaches and mechanisms of youth work in all subjects of the Russian Federation, which is ensured by the definition of federal standards in this area.
2. Mutual responsibility. The state is responsible to the new generations of Russians for the socio-economic, environmental, cultural state of the country, and new generations are responsible for preserving and increasing its potential, ensuring continuity and progressive development.
3. A variety of forms, methods, technologies of work to optimally meet the needs of various groups of young people, the harmony of relations between young people, society and the state.
4. Social work with youth is an integral system of measures of a legal, organizational, managerial, financial, economic, scientific, informational, and personnel nature.
5. Social work with youth is based on the principle of equal basic opportunities for young people throughout the Russian Federation.
Society and the state consider youth as a basic strategic resource, as a real subject of socio-economic policy. This means increasing attention to the problems of youth, a fundamental change in attitude towards them at all levels of government, as well as building a public-state system of youth work.
The main principles, directions and standards of social work with youth, state policies in relation to youth are formulated and defined at the federal level in the form of main strategic directions and priorities, which should be reflected in the legal framework, in decisions and documents of federal executive authorities. The non-state (public) component of social work with youth is based on the participation of civil society institutions in it, primarily on the initiative of an organized youth community.
1.2 Concepts in the study of youth issues
youth policy social
For more than three decades, sociologists and demographers have been discussing the definition of the concept of "youth" as an age cohort and age limits for this social and age group of the population. Age cohorts are understood as “stages of life identified in the socio-cultural tradition of a given society, stages life cycle individuals associated with a certain range of activities, occupations, statuses, social roles, psychological comfort, worldview, self-identification.
The age limits of the period of "youth" are quite mobile and largely socially determined. In various spheres of a young person's life in society, both the lower and upper limits of youth age are determined differently, and this period itself has a different time duration. The lower limit in modern youthology, as a rule, is set according to biopsychic parameters: puberty, physical growth, the formation of a stable psyche and the transition to the internal problems of the individual, his self-determination in the world. The upper limit is associated with the onset of social "adulthood", which is characterized by the fact that a person here has the right to freedom of choice and independent decision-making, as well as full responsibility for the results of his choice and actions to implement it.
Among scientists studying the problems of the sociology of youth, V.T. Lisovsky was one of the first to define the concept of “youth”: “Young people are a generation of people passing through the stage of socialization, assimilating, and at an older age already assimilating, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions; depending on specific historical conditions, the age criteria for young people can range from 14 to 30 years.
Consideration of the concepts of youth makes it possible to determine its features as an object of social work.
The first concepts of youth appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, when in the USA (G. Stanley, Hall), and a little later in Germany (Sh. Buhler, E. Spranger, V. Stern, etc.) and Russia (V.I. Lenin, L. S. Vygotsky, A. B. Zalkind, etc.), three main directions of theoretical understanding of this phenomenon were formed:
1) interpretation of youth as the bearer of the psychophysical properties of youth;
2) understanding of youth as a cultural group;
3) comprehension of youth as an object and subject of the process of continuity and generational change.
In my opinion, the concept of youth and the youth movement of I.M. Ilyinsky, recognized in the scientific community and one of the most influential in our country.
Generalizations by I.M. Ilyinsky regarding the younger generation with full justification can be called the humanistic concept of youth. In it, the development of the personality of a young person, the formation of his viability is put in the first place.
According to I.M. Ilyinsky, "youth is a value of a special kind, it is the main value of society, this concept is not only demographic, but also economic, social, political." If in society, in the activities of the state, a bet is placed on youth, then this changes not only the future, but also the present, since politics begins to be based on the management of processes, ahead of events, pushing aside the policy of belated reactions to what has already happened.
The concept of I.M. Ilyinsky includes eight basic provisions:
1. Youth is an objective social phenomenon that always acts as a large specific age subgroup. The key to understanding the nature of youth is the dialectic of the whole and the part (“youth is part of society; youth is part of society”). The specific age-related problems of youth in any society are that:
a) youth is closely related to the idea of dependence;
b) most of the youth (students, students, etc.) are not yet included in the production process and therefore "live on credit";
c) the majority of young people do not have personal independence in making decisions concerning their lives;
d) young people face the problem of choosing the sphere of labor activity, choosing a profession;
e) young people solve the problem of moral and spiritual self-determination;
f) they solve the problem of marriage choice and procreation.
2. Youth is dual in nature: it is a biological and social phenomenon, which determines the connection between its psychophysical and social development.
3. Youth is a concrete historical phenomenon.
4. Youth is the bearer of a huge intellectual potential, special abilities for creativity.
5. Youth is both an object and a subject of socialization, which determines its social status.
6. Young people acquire subjectivity as they self-identify, self-awareness of their interests, and the growth of their organization.
7. Youth is the bearer of processes that will unfold in full force in the future.
8. Youth is the object of complex, interdisciplinary research, which only in their totality can give a fairly reliable picture of it. The concept of I.M. Ilyinsky is based on the innovative potential of young people, their political inexperience, romanticism, physical endurance, etc.
Thus, youth is not enough to be understood in the traditional sense, only as a future society. It must be assessed as an organic part of modern society, which has a special, irreplaceable function of other social groups, the function of responsibility for the preservation and development of our country, for the continuity of its history and culture, the life of the elders and the reproduction of subsequent generations, and, ultimately, for the survival of peoples as a cultural -historical communities. Young people have their own special functions in society, which cannot be replaced or implemented by any other socio-demographic group.
Based on the main characteristics of youth as a socio-demographic group, the goals and objectives of social work with youth are distinguished.
The purpose of social work with youth in Russia is:
development and realization of the potential of young people in the interests of stable democratic development of the country, ensuring its sovereignty, competitiveness and security.
The tasks of social work with youth in Russia are:
1) creation of a system of services, proposals, projects that are accessible and in demand by young people, contributing to the process of social development of young people, ensuring that young people receive social practice and skills for independent living;
2) creating conditions for young people to independently solve their problems, including through increasing the subjectivity of youth public associations, the development of student self-government;
3) improvement of the regulatory legal framework for youth work, the system of personnel, scientific and methodological and information support contributing to the achievement of the set goals;
4) assistance in obtaining a quality education, career guidance and youth employment, solving housing problems;
5) ensuring the social and physical health of the younger generation, the formation and promotion of positive role models, fashion for a healthy lifestyle.
Social work with youth should be based not on guardianship and paternalism, but on stimulating the activity of young people themselves, creating conditions for independently solving the problems they face. Social work with youth is not focused on creating benefits for young people. This is a targeted and systematic investment policy that provides for investing in young people through the organization and stimulation of work initiated, organized and carried out, primarily by the youth themselves. Financing of youth work should be carried out from the budgets of all levels and from extrabudgetary sources, based on the principles of investment, through the creation of effective mechanisms to ensure the effectiveness of this work.
The adopted directions and programs of social work with youth in order to ensure its effectiveness should be systemic, long-term and stable.
In order to coordinate and develop the main directions of youth work, it is necessary to improve the structure of youth work management from the federal to the municipal level.
2.1 Legal framework for social work with youth
In the modern state youth policy, the main Conceptual provisions are spelled out in the Decree of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of June 3, 1993. No. 5090-1 "On the main directions of the state youth policy in the Russian Federation", which until January 2005. was the main document dictating the state youth policy.
Objects of the state youth policy:
Citizens of the Russian Federation, including persons with dual citizenship from 14 to 30 years of age during their stay on the territory of the Russian Federation, if this entails the obligations of federal government agencies;
Young families - families in the first 3 years after marriage, in the case of the birth of children - without limiting the period of marriage), provided that one of the spouses has not reached the age of 30, as well as single-parent families in which the father or mother has not reached 30 years;
Youth associations.
Subjects of the state youth policy:
State bodies and officials (by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 17, 2000 No. 867, the State Committee for Youth Policy was abolished, its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation);
Youth associations and associations;
Young citizens.
Principles of state youth policy:
The combination of state, public interests and individual rights in the implementation of state youth policy;
Involvement of young citizens in the formation of policies and programs for youth;
Ensuring legal and social protection of young citizens;
Providing a young citizen with a state guarantee of a minimum social services on training, education, spiritual and physical development, health protection, employment;
A priority public initiatives compared with the corresponding activities of state bodies and institutions in the financing of activities and programs related to youth.
Directions:
Ensuring the rights of young people;
Ensuring guarantees in the field of employment;
Assistance entrepreneurial activity youth;
State support for a young family;
Guarantees for the provision of social services;
Support for talented youth;
Formation of conditions for the physical and spiritual development of youth;
Support for the activities of youth and children's associations;
Promoting international youth exchanges.
Implementation measures:
Adoption of special legislation and other legal acts, decisions local authorities power and control;
Introduction of amendments and additions to the legislation and other acts;
Development and implementation of the state youth policy of a comprehensive and targeted nature;
Creation of the Russian Fund for Federal Youth Programs for the organization and financial support of priority youth development programs, as well as the formation of similar regional and territorial funds;
Allocation in the federal and local budgets of separate appropriations for financing activities in the field of youth policy;
Creation of state bodies for youth affairs and social services of various profiles.
In 1994, the Federal program "Youth of Russia" was adopted. To create a mechanism for solving youth problems, the provision of budgetary funds for the development of priority areas of youth policy.
In 1998, a new federal program "Youth of Russia for 1998-2000" was adopted. Its main part consisted in the formation and strengthening of the legal, economic and organizational conditions for the civic formation and social self-realization of young people. The program provided for the formation of a legislative and regulatory framework, the development and phased introduction of a system of long-term lending and other forms of youth support in order to receive education, support business activity, housing construction, household. Also, the formation of a system of bodies for temporary and secondary employment of young people, the development of entrepreneurship. Development of conditions for spiritual and moral education, civil and patriotic formation of youth.
In 2005, the program "Youth of Russia for 2006-2010" was approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
An analysis of the three previous programs allows us to notice that the first two programs are aimed at creating a legal framework and a system of social services, while the third and subsequent fourth clearly identify areas for supporting and social protection of young people.
The system of social protection of youth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has an approved structure with a mandatory minimum for the city, district:
1. comprehensive social service center (branches: social assistance at home, day, temporary stay, urgent social. assistance);
2. center for social assistance to families and children;
3. social rehabilitation center for minors;
4. social hotel;
5. social shelter for children and teenagers.
Currently, work continues on the normative legal support of the state youth policy. A number of documents have been developed:
Bill to state support young families in the housing sector” (together with the Committee on Women, Family and Youth Affairs of the State Duma of the Russian Federation);
Draft federal interdepartmental program "Students of Russia";
Draft Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the Approval of Exemplary Regulations on the Institutions of Bodies for Youth Affairs";
Draft Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On State Support for Providing Temporary and Seasonal Employment and Employment of Students in Temporary Jobs during Extracurricular Time”;
Draft Concept of Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation;
Approximate regulation on the certification of employees in the field of state youth policy, which will be included in the draft Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On improving the sectoral system of remuneration of workers in education and the field of youth policy";
Draft Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the support of student labor groups".
The number of federal target programs, the implementation of which is coordinated by the Department for Youth Policy, has increased - a subprogram of the Ministry of Education of Russia has been added to the Federal Target Program "Youth of Russia (2001-2005)" state program"Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation", subprogram "Providing housing for young families" of the Federal target program "Housing" for 2002-2010. Under this subprogram "Providing housing for young families", the Ministry of Education of Russia held a competition to provide federal budget funds to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The procedure for providing subsidies to young families for compensation from the federal budget for part of the cost of housing in the event of the birth (adoption) of a child was agreed. A Coordinating Council for the implementation of the subprogram has been established.
In the field of supporting youth entrepreneurship and promoting youth employment, special attention is paid to supporting the movement of student groups, working and rural youth. Interdepartmental programs to promote youth employment have been developed and are being implemented, rallies and competitions of student pedagogical and labor teams are being held.
The current Strategy of the State Youth Policy in the Russian Federation has been developed for the period up to 2016 and defines a set of priority areas focused on youth.
The state youth policy implemented within the framework of the Strategy is designed to combine state and non-state resources, which implies an interdepartmental nature of interaction in order to:
The systematic involvement of young people in public life and the development of independent living skills of young residents of the country, informing all young people about the opportunities for their development in Russia and in the world community, as well as the culture of using the opportunities created in the country for personal and social development, which will allow a young person to fully realize their potential, will strengthen his confidence in his abilities and his future;
Identification, promotion, support of activity and its achievements in the socio-economic, socio-political, creative and sports fields, which will enable young people to express themselves, realize their potential and receive well-deserved recognition in Russia;
Involvement in a full life of young people who experience problems with integration in society.
To implement the priority area, including the involvement of young people in public life and informing them about potential development opportunities in Russia, such projects are envisaged as: “Russian youth information network“ New Look ”; "Volunteer of Russia"; "Career"; "Young family of Russia".
To implement the priority area, which includes the development of the creative activity of young people, the projects "Team" and "Success is in your hands" are provided.
To implement the priority direction, which includes the integration of young people who find themselves in a difficult life situation, into the life of society, the project "Step Toward" is envisaged.
2.2 Current state social work with youth in the Russian Federation
Currently, a number of negative trends and phenomena are observed in the youth environment of our country.
The deformation of spiritual and moral values continues, the moral barriers on the way to achieving personal success are blurred;
A culture of responsible civic behavior is slowly developing, skills social activities and self-government;
The problems of a young family are aggravated;
The state of physical and mental health of the younger generation is deteriorating;
The criminalization of the youth environment is growing;
The availability of quality education is declining;
The property stratification among the youth is growing;
There is a degradation of the employment structure, the destruction of the labor motivation of young workers - young people are integrated mainly into the sphere of exchange and redistribution;
The involvement of young people in the system of government is minimal.
On the other hand, a number of positive trends are strengthening in the youth environment:
The innovative potential of young people is being developed;
Independence, practicality and mobility are growing, responsibility for one's own destiny, receptivity to the new;
The number of young people who choose personal initiative as the main way to solve their problems is increasing;
The prestige of quality education and training is growing;
The formal status attitude to education is giving way to the practical use of acquired knowledge as the basis of personal and professional success and future well-being;
There is a growing interest in improving one's health;
Modern Russian youth is becoming a full part of
international youth community, is actively integrating into global economic, political and humanitarian processes.
Development of positive trends and use of potential innovative activity youth in the interests of creation and civic service can only be sustainable if an adequate system of participation of the state and society in the processes of youth socialization, the formation of effective mechanisms for partnerships between the "adult" society and the new generations included in it.
In order to prevent neglect and homelessness of minors, a network of youth clubs, centers, and the yard sector is being developed in municipalities, creation of social services for youth, support volunteer movement. As of the beginning of 2004, there were 1,542 youth social service institutions operating in the regions of the Russian Federation, operating in more than 20 areas.
In order to support talented youth and organize youth leisure activities, the Department for Youth Policy annually holds a competition for youth creative projects. An important component of programs for the development of leisure and artistic creativity of children and youth (Russian student spring, etc.) is work with youth media. In the reports of youth information centers, much attention is paid to the issues of creative festivals and competitions. The programs of the non-governmental all-Russian public organization - the Russian Union of Youth - "Student Science", "Information Space", "Law and Order in Universities", "Employment", "Student Camps", "Movement of Pedagogical and Construction Teams" work in the regions.
The Association of Student Youth, which is part of the Russian Union of Youth, helps to create organizations in educational institutions that defend the rights and interests of student youth at various levels.
Modern phenomena - the growth of extremism and aggression among the youth, the formation of asocial subcultures and countercultures - testify to the insufficient effectiveness of the existing institutions of socialization, demonstrate their systemic crisis.
The destruction of traditional social ties and the state system of education significantly reduced the role of the previously dominant institutions of socialization - the family, school, university, and enterprise.
The influence of such traditional institutions of socialization as the army and trade unions has also been largely lost. Public associations of youth play an insufficient role.
The leading position in the formation of consciousness and worldview, life values, role models was occupied by the mass media, which often exploit the base instincts of young people for the sake of their own commercial interests. The dominant products of mass consumer culture in many ways contribute to the growth of aggression and moral licentiousness among the youth, reinforcing negative tendencies in it.
The task is to improve and develop the institutions of socialization, to achieve their balanced and productive influence on the processes of socialization of young people.
Meanwhile, today "the model of social work with youth in the Russian Federation, which exists at the present stage, does not correspond to the complexity and scale of the tasks facing Russian society and the state."
The regulatory legal framework of the state policy towards youth exists in a number of areas, but it is fragmented, eclectic and requires changes, as it does not correspond to the current political and socio-economic situation. It should be noted that the youth legislation was basically formed before 1995.
The existing youth management bodies failed to ensure the proper level and scope of work, which to a certain extent was the result of a frequent change in management models. This led to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of state policy towards youth and the real level of state influence on solving youth problems, as well as to the lack of interaction with other areas of state policy, the artificial isolation of youth issues.
Lack of system and diversity practical action, duplication in the activities of departments reduces the effectiveness of social work with young people. Systematic everyday social work with youth is replaced by fragmentary image events.
Social work with youth in most subjects of the Russian Federation and at the municipal level is also not systemic. At the same time, it should be noted that in some regions it is quite diverse, and in terms of content and depth of solving youth problems, it is more productive than activities at the federal level.
Most of the youth and children's public associations are concentrated in major cities. In small towns and countryside Youth associations are poorly represented.
At the same time, nationalistic, extremist, criminal youth formations have an increasingly noticeable influence on young people.
Problems of a conceptual, strategic nature that have not been resolved at the federal level, legal regulation, financial and scientific support seriously reduce the effectiveness of social work with youth at all levels.
Social work with youth is also carried out by various public associations.
Public youth associations are the main form of youth self-organization, their activities should be aimed at:
1. Increasing the social activity of the younger generation, developing tolerance among the youth;
2. Acquisition by young people of skills for effective and productive inclusion in modern life;
3. The participation of young people in the development and implementation of decisions in the field of state and municipal government, through work in public and state structures at all levels, through the development of student self-government;
4. Creation of attractive models of positive activity and involvement of young people in it.
Resources can be transferred to public associations to solve problems that they are able to cope with on their own. At the same time, public associations assume full responsibility for solving these problems by the efforts of the youth themselves.
Russia is undergoing a process of social transformation, seeking to get rid of the remnants of totalitarianism and become a democratic state of law. Scientists who track changes in the social structure record the emergence of some features of civil society.
As society changes, so does the role of man in it. If earlier a person was reduced to the role of a conscientious performer, now a person is an active transformer of social space. Personal activity is one of the basic characteristics of a person in modern civil society. This change increases the responsibility of the individual. It fills the concept of "citizen" with a new ethical and moral meaning. Thus, the famous sociologist V.T. Lisovsky writes: "A citizen is a member of a political community who has the rights and obligations associated with his membership in it." This interpretation reflects the two-way relationship between the individual and society. However, the majority of Russians do not have real awareness of this relationship (in our opinion), since history Soviet Union assumed a formal one-way connection-subordination from the state to the person. The citizen was a vassal of the state and gratefully fulfilled his duty in relation to the state, which granted him certain rights. So it was before the well-known perestroika events, when the image of the patron state was discredited. The unequal interaction was aborted. The integrity of the "personality-society-state" was violated. People were divided and isolated from the state. According to the data obtained in monitoring the study of identification processes, in 1992 not a single respondent said that he was a Russian, a citizen of Russia. The concept of a citizen has lost its social prestige and meaning for a long time.
The modern Russian will have to restore the lost ties in society and the state and, moreover, make them reverse: from a person to society, and through him to the state. It will be a long time before every Russian person understands that the declared democracy as a link between an individual, society and the state will be effective if and only if everyone realizes that he can influence the activities of the state, society, that he is the master of his own fate. A person who has achieved such awareness is the “new” citizen. The totality of such citizens constitutes a civil society.
B.I. Koval writes that civil society is " highest form solidarity of people in the modern world. Solidarity is an active sympathy, such a state of personality when a citizen cannot fulfill his life program without the assistance, empathy, help of others.
The first years of perestroika forced a person to withdraw into himself, or, at best, to realize himself within the framework of a family, a circle of friends. The active position of a person in civil society brings a person to the social level of interaction. After all, democracy in its most primitive definition is the power of the people, and the people are a community that is aware of unity, community, solidarity. And it is useless to hope for the realization of democracy before a sense of solidarity emerges.
Solidarity makes people unite. The moral of the children's fairy tale "Teremok" - "Together is better" - is present, probably, in everyone. Guided by this principle, people unite within the framework of public organizations, associations, movements that multiply the significance of each person, make you feel like a free, full-fledged subject democratic governance, which means to get the opportunity to be heard by the state. Democracy is a dialogue between the state and civil society, where everyone's voice is heard.
American political scientist D. Patrick notes: "Most of the theorists of democracy believe that a network of associations and organizations is the basis of civil society." Another American scholar R. Putnam insists: "People who are interested in democracy (its consolidation and effectiveness) must first of all contribute to the formation of civil society." Long-term research by Putnam in Italy confirmed that a viable network of local voluntary organizations creates social capital - civic values, skills and knowledge, the capital necessary to consolidate democracy. R. Putnam's conclusion is as follows: citizens, acquiring social capital through participation in civil society organizations, can later use it to strengthen democratic principles in government.
The issues of the functioning of children's and youth public organizations are very relevant in our time. Against the background of acute problems budget financing social programs, the crisis of the family institution, the unfavorable demographic processes of reforming school education, the youth movement seems to be an effective channel for solving or at least defusing the particular tension of some issues related to the successful socialization of the younger generation.
Among the many tasks that can be solved through the active functioning of youth public formations, the problems of civic and patriotic education of the young generation of Russians are in the first place. The true formation of civil society in our country is possible with the rooting of its traditions among the youth, therefore the youth organized movement is the first condition for strengthening and developing democracy in the state.
Hopes that youth public associations can play a positive role in the educational process and make up for the lack of attention to children from the older generation are not groundless to some extent. The experience of the Soviet past confirms the validity of such hopes, bearing in mind the vigorous activity of the All-Union Pioneer Organization and the Komsomol. However, the same history of the pioneers and the Komsomol also speaks of the significant shortcomings that existed in the activities of these organizations. In the new historical conditions, simple reproduction organizational structures and forms of work of youth public associations is impossible and inappropriate, but their rethinking and reassessment are necessary. For example, the development of a youth social movement in modern Russia Taking into account the positive aspects of the activities of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, held in April 2003 in Chelyabinsk on the initiative of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and the Scientific and Practical Center of SPO-FDO of the Federation of Children's Organizations of the Chelyabinsk Region, was dedicated.
The modern youth movement in Russia is controversial. It involves associations that differ in the direction of their activities, in age and numerical composition. According to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, "today in Russia there are more than 427 thousand youth and children's public associations of various territorial spheres of activity."
So, the most important problem today is youth employment and self-realization. Youth public associations allow not only self-realization, but also to acquire great experience for the future not only political and professional activity. Since the problems of youth public associations were dealt with by a rather narrow circle of scientists, as evidenced by a small number of monographs, it is necessary to study in this area in order to organize greater and better amateur performance and self-organization of young people.
Based on the existing definitions of such concepts as youth, public association, organization, it is possible to formulate a definition of a Youth public association. A youth public association is an association of young people (people aged 14 to 30) who jointly realize interests, programs or goals based on certain norms and rules. One of the components of the social structure of society is an initiative, self-made, self-governing association of young people, whose unified will is aimed at jointly solving common problems, protecting the common interests of other people and groups. Interactions in MOO are determined by formal rules and regulated norms of behavior.
The educational function of youth and children's public associations is based on the satisfaction and realization of the needs and interests of the young person, the formation of the young generation as a social and creative force.
A feature of the implementation of the educational functions of youth organizations is the exceptional importance of amateur performance and creativity of children, adolescents, young people. They mainly themselves form the norms of general activity, including its stimulation, its organization and forcing it.
CONCLUSION
Youth can be defined as a vast set of group communities formed on the basis of age characteristics and related subcultures, mentality, social psychology and the main specific activities in various spheres of life. In a narrower (sociological) sense, youth is a socio-demographic group identified on the basis of age-related features of the social position of young people, their place and functions in social structure society, specific interests and values, needs and activities.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 3
1 Features of social work with youth 5
1.1 Youth as a special socio-demographic group 5
1.2 Regulatory framework for social work with youth 9
2 Content of social work with youth 15
2.1 Forms and methods of social work with youth 15
2.2 The current state of social work with youth in the Russian Federation 24
2.3 Actual problems of social work with youth and ways to solve them 33
Conclusion 46
References 48
Appendix 50
INTRODUCTION
Youth - a generation of people passing through the stage of socialization, assimilating, and at a more mature age already assimilating, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions; depending on specific historical conditions, the age criteria for youth can range from 14 to 30 years.
Today, the youth of the Russian Federation is 39.6 million young citizens, i.е. 27% of the total population of the country.
The social problems of youth are due to the fact that youth is closely connected with the idea of dependence. Most of the youth (students, students, etc.) are not yet included in the production process and therefore "live on credit." Most young people do not have personal autonomy in making decisions about their lives. Young people solve the problem of moral and spiritual self-determination. It is necessary to emphasize that young people face the problem of choosing the sphere of labor activity, choosing a profession. Problems are also caused by the need for marriage choice and childbearing.
The degree of research development. In social work, there is a direction dedicated to youth, many textbooks and teaching aids have been written (Volkov, Pavlenok, Vishnevsky, and others). There are studies devoted to the problems of youth: I.M. Ilyinsky developed the concept of youth and the youth movement, K. Mannheim determined the purpose of youth.
The object of the research is social work with youth.
The subject of the research is the forms of social work with youth in the context of public associations.
The purpose of the study: to analyze the features of social work
with youth.
Tasks:
- characterize youth as a socio-demographic group;
- to analyze the legal framework of social work with youth;
- identify the direction of social work with youth.
Methods that were used in the work: analysis of recent youth statistics, study and analysis of sources and legal framework, system-structural method.
1 FEATURES OF SOCIAL WORK WITH YOUTH
1.1Youth as a special socio-demographic group
Modern Russian society is undergoing a series of profound reforms in all spheres of life: the creation of the foundations of a market economy, civil society and the rule of law. The scale and depth of the changes taking place in Russia testify to the processes of modernization affecting the interests of the whole society. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the impact of these reforms on the situation of the most dynamic social group of the population - youth, because it is the youth that undergoes significant changes in their interests, attitudes, values, culture. What is the position of the younger generation, what is its appearance, depends social development society as a whole, energy, outlook; the moral health of the young determines the fate, the future of the people. The problem of the social choice of young people has always been acute in turning points history of individual states and peoples. At the beginning of this century, this problem takes on a global character, since the future development of Earth civilization as a whole depends on the social orientation of the youth of such large state formations, to which Russia continues to belong.
According to official data, as of January 1, 2009, 32 million young citizens lived in Russia (every fourth of its inhabitants). The proportion of young people among the working-age population of our country is approximately 34%, by the end of 2009 it will increase and reach an average of 37% in the country (in the regions, its number will vary from 30 to 50%). This demographic forecast of the population of Russia was developed by the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation, taking into account the current situation and trends in the birth rate, mortality and migration of the population.
Youth is characterized as a socio-demographic group, singled out on the basis of age characteristics and differing from other social groups in its: position in society, values, interests, needs. Most sociologists determine the youth age from 16 to 29 years inclusive. S.I. Ikonnikova and V.T. Lisovsky, considering youth as a generation, believe that an essential feature of a generation is not only age, but the unity of beliefs, goals, common experiences and attitudes towards life. With age, the generation does not lose the social features brought up by the era. The community of beliefs, interests, values, aspirations, sympathies is an important indicator of the position of young people in society. V. Chuprov notes that "... the distinctive social quality of youth ... is determined by the ability of the younger generation to inherit and reproduce the existing ... structure of social relations ".
Young people are usually divided into four age groups:
1. 14-16 years old - teenagers. This is the age of continuation of puberty, in parallel with which the formation of other biological systems of the body takes place. This age is characterized by maximum disproportions in the level and pace of physiological and psychological development. These are mainly students of secondary schools and vocational educational institutions, which are, as a rule, dependent on parents or the state.
2. 17-19 years old - youth. Biologically, this is the period of completion of physical maturation, the age of self-determination - the beginning of independent professional activity or the choice and implementation of a qualitatively new professional study. The division of the life paths of boys and girls begins, which subsequently leads to a deeper economic, political and cultural differentiation among them. At this age, the process of socialization begins - there is an acquisition of almost the entirety of civil rights, and at the same time, the range of socio-political roles and related interests and responsibilities expands.
3. 20-24 years old - actually youth. A person at this age, being an adult in a physiological sense, continues the process of socialization. This age group is primarily made up of students and young people completing the basic vocational training entering into production activities and starting their own families.
4. 25-30 years old - older youth. At this age, on the basis of personal experience of industrial and family life, as well as the participation of young people in political relations, the process of forming a mature personality is completed. Young people of this age play the role of parents in their own families. They have already found their way in life.
Russia has entered the 21st century. The younger generation performs special social functions that no one else can perform. Sometimes they are ambiguous and contradictory.
Firstly, young people inherit the achieved level of development of society and the state and already today form an image of the future in themselves, carry out the function of social reproduction, the continuity of the development of society.
Secondly, like any social group, young people have their own goals and interests, which do not always fully coincide with the goals and interests of the whole society.
Thirdly, due to objective reasons, young people are distinguished by the lack of formation of value, spiritual and moral guidelines and lack of life experience, which increases the likelihood of an erroneous choice when making responsible decisions.
Fourth, on the one hand, youth is the main participant social mobility and economic initiative, on the other hand, it is characterized by incomplete inclusion in existing socio-economic and political relations.
Fifthly, young people are a social stratum of society, which, on the one hand, is the source of the socio-economic and spiritual revival of Russia, and, on the other hand, a source of replenishment of crime, drug addiction, and social tension.
Depending on the quality of the implementation of these functions, youth can be a factor in both accelerating and slowing down social development.
It depends on how young
- knows, shares and accepts the goals and objectives of state and social development, connects his life prospects with them;
- possesses necessary qualities(physical, personal, educational, professional) to solve the challenges;
- secured necessary resources and opportunities for active involvement in solving the problems of increasing the country's competitiveness.
Of particular importance to this problem is given by the dynamism and inconsistency of social - economic processes in our society during its reform. most vulnerable social group young people again find themselves in these processes; it is this group that is the least economically independent, the least consolidated, is under strong pressure from various political forces and movements, does not have clear social guidelines, and is itself in a situation of life self-determination.
1.2 Regulatory framework for social work with youth
In the modern state youth policy, the main Conceptual provisions are spelled out in the Decree of the Supreme Court. RF dated June 3, 1993 No. 5090-1 "On the main directions of the state youth policy in the Russian Federation", which until January 2005. was the main document dictating the state youth policy.
Objects of the state youth policy:
- citizens of the Russian Federation, including persons with dual citizenship from 14 to 30 years of age during their stay on the territory of the Russian Federation, if this entails the obligations of federal state bodies;
- young families - families in the first 3 years after marriage, in the case of the birth of children - without limiting the period of marriage), provided that one of the spouses has not reached the age of 30, as well as single-parent families in which the father or mother has not reached 30 years;
- youth associations.
Subjects of the state youth policy:
- state bodies and officials (by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 17, 2000 No. 867, the State Committee for Youth Policy was abolished, its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation);
- youth associations and associations;
- young citizens.
Principles of state youth policy:
- a combination of state, public interests and individual rights in the implementation of state youth policy;
- involvement of young citizens in the formation of policies and programs for youth;
- ensuring legal and social protection of young citizens;
- providing a young citizen with a state guarantee of a minimum of social services for training, education, spiritual and physical development, health protection, employment;
- the priority of public initiatives in comparison with the corresponding activities of state bodies and institutions in the financing of activities and programs related to youth.
Directions:
- ensuring the observance of the rights of young people;
- providing guarantees in the field of employment;
- promotion of entrepreneurial activity of young people;
- state support for a young family;
- guarantees for the provision of social services;
- support of talented youth;
- formation of conditions for the physical and spiritual development of young people;
- support for the activities of youth and children's associations;
- promotion of international youth exchanges.
Implementation measures:
- adoption of special legislation and other legal acts, decisions of local authorities and administration;
- introduction of amendments and additions to the legislation and other acts;
- development and implementation of the state youth policy of a comprehensive and targeted nature;
- creation of the Russian Fund for Federal Youth Programs to organize and financially support priority youth development programs, as well as the formation of similar regional and territorial funds;
- allocation in the federal and local budgets of separate appropriations for financing activities in the field of youth policy;
- creation of state bodies for youth affairs and social services of various profiles.
In 1994, the Federal program "Youth of Russia" was adopted. To create a mechanism for solving youth problems, the provision of budgetary funds for the development of priority areas of youth policy.
In 1998, a new federal program "Youth of Russia for 1998-2000" was adopted. Its main part consisted in the formation and strengthening of the legal, economic and organizational conditions for the civic formation and social self-realization of young people. The program provided for the formation of a legislative and regulatory framework, the development and phased introduction of a system of long-term lending and other forms of support for young people in order to receive education, support business activity, housing construction, and housekeeping. Also, the formation of a system of bodies for temporary and secondary employment of young people, the development of entrepreneurship. Development of conditions for spiritual and moral education, civil and patriotic formation of youth.
Approved in 2000 target program"Youth of Russia (2001-2005)", aimed at creating and developing legal, economic, organizational conditions for educating young people in a democratic society, market economy, rule of law, personal self-realization of young people.
Tasks set by this program:
1. Creation of conditions for patriotic and spiritual and moral education, intellectual, creative physical development of youth, realization of creative potential, support for the activities of youth associations.
2. Formation of an active youth life position readiness to participate in the socio-political life of the country.
3. Implementation of social adaptation programs and increasing competitiveness in the labor market.
4. Prevention of neglect, juvenile delinquency, drug addiction and alcoholism.
5. Improving the demographic situation in society, strengthening the institution of the young family, assistance in solving housing problems.
6. Development and support of federal and regional systems of information support for youth.
In 2005, approved by the Ministry of Education.....
LIST OF USED LITERATURE
Legislative materials
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993. - M.: Lawyer, 1997. - 31 p.
2. The federal law"On state support of youth and children's public associations" dated June 28, 1995 No. 98-FZ (as amended and supplemented on March 21, 2002)
3. Federal Law "On the fundamentals of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency" dated June 24, 1999 No. 120-FZ (as amended and supplemented on January 13, 2001)
4. Decree of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "On the need to strengthen measures for the social and legal protection of children and youth" dated December 9, 1998 No. 3344-II GD
5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the National Youth Fund". // Russian newspaper. - 1995 - March 25
6. Federal target program "Youth of Russia" (2004-2005). // Russian newspaper. - 2004. - June 1
Editions (multi-volume and single-volume)
7. Basov, N.F. Fundamentals of social work: tutorial for stud. higher textbook establishments. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004. - 288 p.
8. Zubkova, T.S. Organization and content of work on social protection women, children and families: textbook. allowance for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / T.S. Zubkova, N.V. Timoshin. - 2nd ed., erased. - M.: Academy, 2004. - 224 p.
9. Kalacheva I.I. Organizational-pedagogical and ideological foundations of work with youth in higher education. From the experience of specialists in social and educational work with student youth and curators of student groups / I.I. Kalacheva, S.A. Kulesh. - Mn. : RIVSH, 2006. - 116 p.
10. Kasaretskaya S.V. About informal associations: textbook. - M. : VLADOS, 2004. - 159 p.
11. Kuznetsov V.N. Sociology of youth: textbook. - M. : Gardariki, 2005. - 335 p.
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