Trucking is quite perspective view activities. People living in villages, cities and towns use the services of transport companies or individuals to transport things and goods to different places.
On the this moment cargo transportation is in great demand in our country, so the number of companies offering their services in this area is growing every day. If you want to go into this business, you need to take your place and try to organize work in such a way that it brings income, create conditions that are fundamentally different from those of competing firms.
Cargo transportation: business from scratch
This is quite troublesome and costly. In order to get started, you will have to acquire a personal vehicle. If you are limited in funds, then a Gazelle-type car or something like that is quite suitable for the first case.
What is the job? At the first stage, a written contract is concluded with the client. The next step is packing goods and things. Timely delivery has big role in this case: if you miss the delivery time even once, the reputation of the company will suffer, and then you will have to earn a good name for the company again. Unpacking and setting things in place - this work is carried out by additional agreement with the customer.
How to open a cargo transportation company so that the business brings real benefits? Transportation is often done by everyone who does not know what to do with themselves. They put the dispatcher on the phone, take orders, but they are in no hurry to fulfill them. The cost of work very often does not match the one stated in the agreement, so people are dissatisfied with the work of such "firms". The final amount is sometimes announced only when the things have already been unloaded and the client has to pay the announced amounts. To avoid such punctures, you need to build your work honestly in relation to the customer. Only then will people use the services of your office, and it will bring a good income.
The relevance of this type of business
The relevance of cargo transportation in the modern world can hardly be overestimated. Transportation services are in demand more and more every year.
Until recently, the customer had to wait for his cargo for several weeks, or even months. Now the situation has changed radically. People began to value their time more. Therefore, they try to deliver luggage as soon as possible. Regardless of the purpose of delivery, the relevance of transportation is growing rapidly.
It is even difficult to imagine what will happen if the freight transportation market ceases to function for any reason. Life will rise, especially in big cities. Essential goods and food will not be delivered, medicines will disappear from pharmacies. This list can be continued indefinitely. Therefore, it is impossible to underestimate the importance of cargo transportation in the modern world.
Basic goals
- Competent organization of transportation on cars of various types.
- Delivery of commercial cargo.
- Office, apartment, country, industrial moving.
- Transportation of oversized cargo.
- Provision of trained personnel for loading and unloading operations.
- Provision of services for forced storage of goods.
The most important thing is to have perseverance and strive to go to your goals. Confidence in yourself and your abilities is also far from last.
Company registration and taxes
In order to open transport company freight forwarding, necessary . If you plan to deal with low-tonnage transportation, several small Gazelle-type cars will work in your fleet, and there will be a small number of employees in the state, then in this case you can.
You will need to pay the state duty and collect the package required documents. They will give you a list in tax office. Then an application of the appropriate format is submitted here. It should contain your passport details, a phone number by which tax officials can contact you if necessary, and. All these manipulations can be performed by you personally or through a trusted person.
Each registered carrier must pay taxes to the state treasury on time. In order for taxation to be optimal, the following factors must be taken into account:
- the scale of the future company;
- types of transportation.
For sale.
Coffee machines as an easy way to earn money. about vending features.
Types of taxation for carriers
- . This is the most acceptable option. It means the following: you will be able to pay 6% of the total income of the company or 15% of income minus expenses.
- General system. Is not the best option for small business. In this case, all taxes must be paid. In your case, this will be a direct path to ruin.
- . It can only be applied if your fleet has no more than 20 cars. If you cannot choose a taxation system for yourself, then the regional authorities will automatically transfer your company to a single tax.
In order to earn decently, make every effort to switch to a single tax. Do not forget to pay the state in full, and most importantly - on time. There is also Pension Fund, which will also have to bear deductions. The size of contributions to the PF often changes, so you need to constantly update the numbers that are transferred from the accounts of your company.
Where and how to open a transport company?
Room selection
Without office space, which will host the dispatch service, you can not do without.
The premises can be rented. The choice of its location must be taken very responsibly. Saving money by working from home will not achieve good results. "Home" level of work will not bring big income. If you don't have the money to rent own premises, you can rent an office in a call center. This will require less investment. Dispatch service can accommodate 20 sq. meters.
The office needs to be refurbished. Dispatchers must have computers or laptops at their disposal. Availability of printer and scanner necessary condition. Without a landline phone, work will not be carried out at the proper level. Having two telephone lines- a huge advantage in the work of the company. Cell phones employees will be involved in no less. It is advisable to purchase a walkie-talkie for talking drivers with a dispatcher - it is convenient and inexpensive.
Recruitment
In a company that plans to engage in cargo transportation, dispatchers must be on the staff - at least 2 people. Their main quality should be good diction, excellent memory, communication skills and the ability to think logically.
A good manager will help to properly organize the work of the enterprise. A competent accountant will keep all the documentation of the company, and there will be a lot of it.
Mandatory condition for successful work- effective advertising. Therefore, an advertising manager will also not be superfluous.
Buying cars
Business in this area begins with the purchase of a car. When choosing machines, you need to clearly understand for yourself what goals you set for yourself and what means you have. Used foreign cars are more reliable than domestic cars and more convenient to use. But Russian cars are much cheaper to repair. At the same time, imported cars break down less frequently.
Which car to buy is up to you. For cargo transportation within the city, Gazelles are often bought. Due to their maneuverability, they perfectly cope with the tasks in the city. Gazelles are fuel efficient and inexpensive to maintain.
If you plan to transport products, tilt cars are suitable for this purpose. For large volumes of cargo, cars with additional trailers are suitable - in this case, the carrying capacity will increase to 24 tons. For perishable products, you need to buy special refrigerators or isothermal vans. For the transportation of furniture or office moving, a Russian-made Zil-Bychok car is indispensable. This car will go where a big truck cannot go.
What car to buy for business development freight transport? This question is individual. One point is worth remembering for sure - in order to provide quality services to the population, it is necessary to have an appropriate fleet of vehicles available.
Motor transport services for the transportation of goods
It is very important if you can organize the work of a company that will provide customers with a full range of services. It will be nice if you provide the customer not only with a suitable vehicle, but also with loaders.
Companies that specialize in this area provide the following services:
- cargo insurance;
- services for customs clearance documents;
- office, country, apartment moving;
- transportation of oversized and heavy cargo;
- transportation of dangerous and especially valuable things.
In order for the quality of services to be high level, you must adhere to the following rules:
- develop a clear itinerary;
- calculate the cost of the entire procedure;
- prepare the necessary documentation;
- carry out continuous monitoring of the movement of cargo throughout the route.
Marketing plan for the development of the company
Before starting the paperwork for opening your own business, you must have a well-developed marketing plan. What is included?
- Conducting an active advertising campaign, which will fully reveal the services provided by your company. In this case, it is necessary to involve local media, design and distribute business cards of the company as much as possible.
- In the near future, try to attract as many customers as possible and interest regular customers great deals and bonus discounts.
- A clearly developed strategy for the development of the enterprise, which will spell out effective measures to promote and develop the business.
Well designed marketing strategy and the right tactical actions will bring your company to a leading position among peers in the region.
Marketing research is necessary before drafting detailed business plan transportation of goods. These data will be the basis for the successful operation and development of the enterprise.
Financial questions: is it profitable to engage in cargo transportation?
You must understand that it is not realistic to create a detailed financial statement for the creation of a freight carrier company. To obtain specific figures, accurate data on the state of the future enterprise are needed. An approximate picture would look like this:
- "Gazelle" will bring about 10 thousand rubles of net profit;
- "Zil - Bull" - 20 thousand rubles;
- a machine with a carrying capacity of 5 tons will give a profit of up to 25 thousand;
- truck - 100 thousand rubles.
These numbers paint a picture of an enterprise that regularly pays taxes and salaries to employees.
If you plan to start a business with the purchase of 2 cars, you will have the following expenses:
- expenses for the purchase of cars - 900 thousand - 1 million rubles;
- car repairs and fuel costs - 40–45 thousand rubles;
- rent of premises - 10 thousand rubles;
- boxes - 10 thousand rubles;
- salary for employees - 40 thousand rubles;
- advertising - 15 thousand rubles;
- other expenses - 30 thousand rubles.
Thus, you will need about 1 million 200 thousand rubles. This is provided that you have 1 dispatcher, 1 driver and 1 loader in your state.
If you need to attract a second car, you yourself will have to drive. Accounting reports will be maintained by a specialist from another company. This scheme of work assumes an income from one car of 30 thousand rubles. per month.
All your expenses will pay off not earlier than 1.5–2 years. If you use rented cars, then this period can be halved.
More accurate calculations depend on many factors. So, one of the main components is the location of the company.
Concluding, we can say that the organization of a small-tonnage transportation business is a profitable and promising business, which is worth paying attention to novice businessmen.
The transport business is a very profitable investment for your capital. Today, cargo transportation is more in demand than ever: consumer demand for a wide variety of goods is constantly growing, as a result of which supply is also growing. Large manufacturers organize mainly wholesale deliveries. But small wholesale, retail and numerous online markets - regular customers transport companies. But, of course, in order to organize a competitive business, you should carefully study the area in which you plan to work.
On the early stages you will have to lay all the main organizational activities on your shoulders. Of course, if you don’t initially have an intelligent assistant with a good reputation and experience working on leadership positions in forwarding and logistics companies. Such you need a partner like an air. If you fail to find an experienced consultant in this area, it is better to postpone your venture for a while - there is a high probability of “filling up” everything at the very beginning. But, if you are determined to create a logistics business, then consider how to open your own transport company step by step.
Features of the transport business
The essence of logistics is in the development of optimal transportation routes, including the driver’s rest time, refueling, and any circumstances that “slow down” the process that may arise along the way. The forwarding department constantly supervises the process, controlling the location of each machine, collecting information and making sure that customers are completely satisfied with the service provided to them. The undoubted advantages in the transport business are:
- no need to obtain a license;
- "start" and the initial stages of business development will not require too large financial investments;
- "buoyancy" and "fortress";
- according to statistics, among transport companies the bankruptcy rate is one of the lowest, because after the first and second waves of the crisis, representatives of this market segment recovered very quickly.
Opening a transport company from scratch - what do the owners of such a business say? The video below provides the answer.
Company registration
Most transport companies registered as CJSC (closed joint-stock companies), LLC, OJSC, as well as PBOYuL(entrepreneur without formation of a legal entity). Each of these organizational and legal forms is endowed with its own disadvantages and advantages. At PBOYuL there is a value added tax.
Joint-stock companies are an excellent form for creating a business with the prospect of serious expansion, but in order to open an OJSC (and even more so, a CJSC), one must go through many very complex procedures associated with tedious paperwork and obtaining tons of certificates. Therefore, the optimal form for today is considered an LLC, which is preferred by many entrepreneurs, owning a variety of companies.
By the way, you can buy ready-made company, but in this case, you should thoroughly familiarize yourself with the object of purchase, identify "pitfalls", possible hidden reasons why this business is being sold.
Registration can be done much easier if you seek help from a reliable service provider legal support. So you will avoid unwanted mistakes, fuss, conflict situations, queuing. Before choosing such an assistant firm, make sure of its decency, experience and competence. Among other things, you will be required to deposit start-up capital and open a bank account for the company.
Room selection
The office space will not only legal address enterprise (in connection with which a lease agreement will be required between the owner of the area and the newly formed company), but it will also be the “face” of your company, which should not be forgotten. Not necessary, it is not even desirable that the office be "immersed in luxury", but it should look decent: a simple renovation and new office equipment, as well as an impressive plasma or projector in the presentation room - this is a necessary minimum.
Warehouses must be spacious and comply with all safety standards: fire, sanitary, labor protection, etc. That is, the floors must be non-slippery, perfectly flat (without cracks and holes), the ramps must be comfortable and appropriate for the height of the vehicle. It would be nice to equip warehouses with electric ramps.
You should take into account that the work of the warehouse is 70% of the success of a transport company. This means that the conditions for workers should be as comfortable as possible - a dining room with a microwave and a kettle, the presence of cold water, a shower with cold and hot water - many entrepreneurs “forget” about this, not wanting to take into account that the times of feudal lords are long over and earning capital on health and humiliation of simple hard workers sooner or later lead to collapse.
Equipment
It's best to buy new. So, you will be sure that in case of any problems during the warranty period, everything will be fixed or a new one will be sent to you. As Winston Churchill once said: "I'm not rich enough to buy cheap things." You can’t argue with this - of course, you need to save money, but the priority, after all, should be put on quality. On average, new rokla (hydraulic trolley) will cost you 7500 - 9000 rubles. Ideally, you should have 1 of these devices for each warehouse worker.
In addition, regardless of the size of the warehouse, you will need a forklift adapted to work with pallets (pallets). New costs about 500,000 rubles. See for yourself here - if it's expensive, you can buy used ones in excellent condition. But then, when buying, take a specialist with you who will properly inspect the car.
It is not necessary to buy a loader immediately, but it is highly desirable. The point is that one of your potential clients something too heavy may need to be transported. Unloading this manually is impossible, using a rokla is extremely difficult and threatens to break it, as well as damage the cargo itself. Therefore, the loader machine will greatly simplify and speed up the work.
Make sure that the warehouse always has a sufficient amount of consumables - stretch tape and adhesive tape, it is not advisable to save on them, but keep strict records to avoid theft. As for cars, usually transport companies enter into contracts with the owners of trucks, often part-time drivers. Thus, the transportation is generously paid, but the responsibility for possible damage to the transport and cargo on the road lies with the owner of the transport.
Personnel and promotion
First time you can limit yourself to a minimum staff, combining several functions at once for each of the workers. In order to save money and gain invaluable experience and myself The owner of the company may initially assume several important functions. But keep in mind, if your employees are overloaded with diversified work, this will significantly reduce their efficiency.
It is advisable to give preference to specialists with experience, even in related fields and not in leadership positions. Bookkeeping is too important a moment, so you can’t entrust it to an amateur. It is not bad to use the services of an audit company, but it is much better to find an intelligent specialist on your own.
Depending on your creative abilities, connections and financial capabilities, you can completely entrust the function of promoting your business to a reputable advertising agency, or try to do it personally, limiting yourself to ordering professional advertisers to develop the “face” and style of your brand.
The agency, taking into account your wishes, will come up with a logo for the company, a corporate color scheme, a slogan, perhaps an advertising audio clip for the radio or a billboard poster; brandbook, branded stationery. With where, in what quantity and how to place advertising products, you decide for yourself. Of course, completely relying on the agency is convenient, but not always affordable.
Possible problems
Start-up transport companies often face the following obstacles:
Theft. You must be confident in your "backbone" - the employees with whom you start a business. In addition, a control system should be provided - video surveillance cameras, security, personal checks of accounting, regular reporting.
Service. Customers may be dissatisfied with the quality of services. Especially at the development stage, it is not uncommon for something to go wrong. Delays in cargo, causing damage to the client. This process needs to be controlled rudeness on the part of the staff should not be allowed, each client must be satisfied- the reputation of the enterprise directly depends on it.
Control carrier. It is desirable that the machines are equipped with GPS systems.
Quality transportation. The load must be compact and securely stowed. To do this, warehouse workers should always have enough supplies and the right equipment. It is necessary to establish the level of permissible “combat” of the load and withdraw the difference from the salaries of employees in order to stimulate them to quality work.
Also install average monthly battle percentage- in case of good performance, employees should be rewarded. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that if you introduce a system of fines, it should not be excessively rigid, and besides, salaries should be quite high - otherwise you will never achieve even half the effective and high-quality work.
If you decide to open a transport company, you should have a little experience in the market for these services and know which strategy to choose. Here we will consider the question of how to open a transport company, a business plan for opening it, what is needed to organize this business.
The increase in the volume of imports and exports, as well as the flow of passengers, generates demand in this area. Therefore, freight forwarding companies are constantly opening up on the market. But the birth of forwarding and freight companies entails the disappearance of transport companies. Carrier companies solve the shortage of their own transport by attracting neighbors' cars. This is how a new forwarding department or some other department is organized. Start opening such a case should be with registration.
Business plan
If you decide to open an enterprise that will provide types of services (transportation of passengers, cargo, etc.) in this area, then you can download for free finished example a business plan for a transport company that will help you calculate all the costs of organizing this business.
If you do not want to provide something, then simply delete the items with costs and income for this service.
How to open a transport company
So, let's look at the points of information on how to open a transport company that provides forwarding services.
Company registration
Most transport companies prefer such organizational and legal forms as CJSC (closed joint stock company), JSC (open joint stock company), LLC (companies with limited liability), PBOYuL (entrepreneur without forming a legal entity). But it is worth noting that many transport companies refuse to work with PBOYuL, because of the value added tax. Joint-stock company are a more suitable form for creating a business, however, registration of a CJSC is a rather complicated process and consists of a number of complex procedures. Therefore, the best option for opening a freight forwarding company would be the "LLC" form.
To register a legal entity, it is beneficial to contact organizations that provide legal support in order to avoid mistakes, fuss, and conflict situations. There is an option to purchase a ready-made transport company, but in this case you will have to be content with the already existing name of the company. For registration, you will need to deposit initial capital (about 10 thousand rubles) and open a bank account.
Office space and staff
The premises for the office of the transport company will be the legal address of the company, so you will have to conclude a lease agreement between the owner of the premises and your company.
At first, you can limit yourself to recruiting, combining the functions of several positions. However, this approach will noticeably slow down the workflow of the transport company. Finding an experienced, narrow specialist without guaranteeing him a high salary is quite difficult, so it makes sense to hire a capable worker without experience in this area and train him. As far as bookkeeping is concerned, it is precisely a qualified specialist that is needed here. Since the responsibility for wages will now lie with you, it is better not to take risks and use the services of an audit company.
Pros and cons of this business
The undoubted advantage of the freight forwarding business is a small cash investment to start. And also the fact that a license is not needed for forwarding activities. But the lack of a license entails dishonest work of dispatchers of private transport companies, and this fact, of course, is a minus in this profession.
Beginning of work
To avoid mistrust between the client and the supplier, it will be necessary to familiarize the suppliers of your transport company with full information regarding the carrier, warehouse, broker, etc. And you should not worry about being removed from this chain, since client companies, for the most part, do not have logisticians on staff. Also, by going directly to a broker, to a warehouse, to a carrier… they don't have the guarantee of getting the same rate that the forwarder gets.
To start providing transport services, you need to sign a freight forwarding agreement with a client, and a client agreement with an interpreter. But the work of the forwarder is not limited to this. Tracking the car along the way, solving problems that arise, a clear idea of what is being transported, bringing the client up to date - this is the essence of a competent auto forwarder. The obvious simplicity of the work of a transport company is fraught with "pitfalls". This is knowledge of the laws of movement of transit and export goods, proper paperwork, the presence of a large number of expeditions at the points of dispatch of goods.
Peculiarities
At the initial stages, you will have to do all the main work yourself. In addition, you will need experience in the field of expedition, so as not to overwhelm the work at the very beginning of the activity. The first steps should be taken with caution, because the activity of the forwarder is to satisfy the interests of the clients of the transport company, to possess information, since there are cases when only the forwarder can resolve situations between the carrier and the cargo owner.
Advertise your services
At the first stages of work, you should not get carried away with advertising a transport company, since advertising resonance can lead to a lot of orders that you, as a start-up company, will not be able to handle. And this will entail negative publicity, which will not in the best way affect the company's reputation. Start with small ads on special sites on the Internet. As a result, it will be possible to create your own page for publication advertisements, articles, etc.
When is the best time to open?
Autumn and spring are considered the "hottest" seasons for transport companies. You need to prepare for them in advance, otherwise, you will miss out on profits and ruin your reputation. It is best to start the work of a transport company in the “quiet” period, which falls on the summer. You will have time to get comfortable, complete all the preparatory work and start active work by the fall.
Always consider your mistakes
The freight forwarder is the link between service providers and the client. It follows that the freight forwarder will have to defend the rights of the two parties. Therefore, one way to avoid costs is to insure activities. However, there are times when this does not help. For example, import cargo goes to Russia. The car was delivered on time, loaded at the client’s warehouse in accordance with the documents, the customs of a foreign state gave the go-ahead, but at the Russian border, due to a weight discrepancy, the question arose of the declaration being unreliable. Russian customs officers are conducting proceedings, but it is impossible to prove anything. During this time, the driver is issued a contract for loading and unloading services, the cost of which, depending on the weight, ranges from 600 to 1000 US dollars. Logically, the transport company should pay for the services of the warehouse. However, it will be possible to prove their guilt only after the car arrives at the place of delivery, there will be a control weighing of the cargo and the car. But without paying for storage services, the track will not be released. The freight forwarder will have to deal with this problem. You will have to pay the costs yourself, in the hope of recovering the damages after the investigation.
Similar situations can lie in wait for your company at any stage, so you need to have a material reserve, the right contacts and have practical knowledge.
You can use the most developed directions and methods of transportation. The profit of the transport company in this case will be less, but the risk will be minimized. In the course of work, relying on the main customers, it is possible to introduce ancillary services, such as consolidation in transit warehouses, assistance in customs clearance, preparation of related documents.
The desire to develop, the desire to open a transport company, self-confidence are the ingredients for starting your own business. Successful business- this is, first of all, creativity, and not a struggle for survival.
Prepared on the basis of the material www.openbusiness.ru by Ellie Larson.
Own business: transport company
By purchasing freight transport of the following brands: Mercedes, Peugeot, Ford, Hyundai, you can already be sure that you have taken place as a representative of a small business involved in the transportation industry. However, you can start working on both the Bull and the Gazelle. Just keep in mind that after five years of operation, your new Gazelle will fall to pieces! A foreign car - no.
But the main thing to remember is that in this case, any brand is required to:
load capacity of 1.5 tons
and body volume - 12-14 cubic meters
According to conservative estimates, they bring in a month net profit:
1) Gazelle - 10 thousand rubles,
2) car type "Bull" - 20 thousand rubles,
3) five-tonner - 25 thousand rubles,
4) truck - 100 thousand rubles.
These figures are so small because they were calculated based on the fact that you are the owner and you hired a driver. At the same time, you still pay all taxes and keep an accountant on a salary. That is, these figures are for a real transport company. If you are not one, but you yourself are both an accountant and a director, then the numbers are overestimated.
What kind of car to buy after all depends on what cargo you will be transporting. Therefore, to begin with, probe the nearby market: what is carried more often? Then you will choose a transport for yourself, because freight transport is far from universal, unfortunately.
According to the players, "the beast runs to the catcher." That is, having identified yourself as the owner of a heavy vehicle, you immediately attract the good attention of those who need this transport. For good attention, these people will take a commission from you - from 10 to 20% of the order amount.
The main person who will supply you with orders is an intermediary, here called a dispatcher. To communicate with a potential customer, you must have the following:
a) the vehicle itself
b) driver's license of the appropriate caliber
c) PTS
d) documents confirming that you are legal entity
e) a certified copy of your passport
However, not everyone who makes money by transporting personal vehicles "have a legal entity" and pay taxes. Many people work in black, having about 60 thousand rubles a month from one Gazelle.
Transport company as a business: Pitfalls
In connection with the outbreak of the crisis, the construction market - the main breadwinner of cargo transportation, has become. However, a year ago, seeing that the construction was growing, how soap bubble, many private traders rushed to buy vehicles to capitalize on this demand. They created a lot of pressure and competition, and the crisis left them all out of work. And besides this, a cargo fleet of construction and other large companies, which also began to compete with private traders in the fight for customers.
Who wins in this situation? Only owners of specialized vehicles - like concrete mixers or machines with manipulators. Although their market is an order of magnitude smaller than the market for ordinary Kamaz and Gazel vehicles, there is no such competition there.
How to grow into a transport company
Here is a rather tricky arithmetic from market players.
According to some players, it is necessary to invest in the purchase of eight cars of different classes to transport different goods. The monthly turnover of such a company is 500 thousand rubles.
Working on these eight machines, you must definitely have another 500 thousand rubles reserved in your account, in case of force majeure.
Only then does the company reach the break-even point. And then she can afford to have: a) an owner, b) a dispatcher, and c) salaried drivers.
The next step is the purchase of 16 cars already. This is the so-called "second break-even point", which allows not only to go into profit, but also to develop without attracting third-party funds (loans).
However, in order to buy land for a car depot with a warehouse, maintain your own control room and take a solid bank loan to buy this very land, you need to have at least 45 cars in the park.
Transport company as a business: If you want to hire a driver...
Not every person dares to trust an expensive cargo to an incomprehensible person who called himself a driver. If you are dealing with hired drivers, then you should know that both their passport and driver's license are often fake. Market players are advised to conclude an agreement with collection agencies (these are those who professionally “knock out” debts), which often take on such work as checking a past specialist without recommendations. The cost of collector services is 30 thousand rubles per month, subject to the conclusion of a long-term contract.
Own transport company: Conclusions
The transport company lives when the construction is going on. Now may not be the right time to start from scratch in the hope of becoming fabulously rich in a year. But this situation also has advantages - you can buy transport that has fallen in price and is idle now at dumping prices, waiting for the crisis to end and construction to continue.
Organize transport business, despite the obvious demand for freight and passenger traffic, is not easy. Firstly, you will be hindered by a lot of competition in this area. Secondly, an entrepreneur has nothing to do in the road transportation market without serious investments and connections. Thirdly, experts usually dissuade even people without experience in transportation from even thinking about how to open a transport company.
Most often, the transport business is opened by employees of motor transport enterprises (logistics, dispatchers, drivers) who want to go into “free swimming”. Having rich experience, connections in the field of transportation, their clientele and their own vehicles, such entrepreneurs have every chance for a successful start and active development of their company.
Does it make sense to “get into” the motor transport business?
What should a novice entrepreneur who would like to do this particular business do? Is the path to the world of transportation closed to him?
If we are talking about such areas as cargo transportation of oversized and oversized cargo, maintenance of large industries, then this is a matter exclusively for large trucking companies that have an appropriate fleet of vehicles and special equipment.
Regular route passenger transportation is also impossible without an expensive bus fleet. Most often, and this is not the main thing: the decisive role in tenders for the provision of transport services to the population is played by the "necessary" acquaintances and financial opportunities.
The field of activity for small auto enterprises is taxis and private orders for cargo transportation (moving, furniture delivery and building materials, cooperation with small enterprises, organizations, shops). As a rule, owners of cars (trucks, dump trucks, minibuses) or drivers of auto enterprises who dream of working for themselves or together with comrades who are ready to invest in a common cause are thinking about creating such a business.
Car park
The transport available determines the specialization of the newly opened transport company. You need to look for the first customers taking into account your fleet. At the same time, we should think about expansion: attract drivers with their own vehicles, buy cars, lease, rent. Although, if you're lucky, you can go from the opposite direction: find a major customer and purchase vehicles to meet his requirements.
talk about complete transport company it is possible if its fleet has at least 5 trucks (from 500 thousand rubles for one Gazelle) and at least one truck (from 3 million rubles). Purchasing machines on a leasing basis requires initial investment in the amount of 30% of the cost of cars and about 5% in the form of monthly payments.
To work with grocery stores and bases, vehicles are needed that provide special temperature conditions: isothermal vans, refrigerators.
For service industrial enterprises, construction and raw materials companies will need dump trucks, tractors, cargo trailers and platforms.
Passenger transportation is carried out by minibuses or buses, which are selected depending on the type of transportation: route, group, tourist, city or intercity trips.
Company registration
If you are not afraid of the amount of investment and you are sure that you will be able to provide your company with orders, you can proceed to formalize your business.
Register as or open . If you plan to work only with individuals and small or medium-sized businesses, an individual entrepreneur with a simplified tax form will do. For transport enterprises with a fleet of no more than 20 vehicles, a tax form is allowed.
To serve large customers, it is better to form a limited liability company on common system taxation. You will need to open a current bank account: payments will be made by bank transfer.
The transport company must have its own base. To do this, you can use a leased or purchased land outside the residential area. The site is fenced and provided with physical and technical protection.
On the basis of allocated parking spaces for vehicles, boxes for repairs.
Obtaining a license
Cargo transportation as a business requires obtaining a license if vehicles with a carrying capacity of more than 3.5 tons are used during work. Passenger transportation by taxi and by vehicles with a capacity of 8 people or more is required to be licensed.
The license is issued by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. To obtain it, you must provide the following documents:
- statement with a list of cars;
- copies of all constituent documents, certificates of registration of the organization and its tax registration, an extract from the YuGRUL or EGRIP;
- copies of qualification documents of employees of the enterprise;
- a copy of the attestation document of the person responsible for security traffic;
- information about vehicles on which licensed transportation will be carried out;
- receipt of payment of the license fee.
If the car enterprise meets all the requirements, then the licensing authority issues a permit document for a period of 5 years.
Staff
The organization of the work of a motor transport company requires a sufficiently large staff:
- Drivers with the rights of the corresponding category at the rate of one per car and substitute drivers. When transporting over long distances, to comply with the regime of work and rest - at least 2 drivers per car.
- Dispatcher - is engaged in the organization of transportation, control, registration of travel documents, maintaining internal journals.
- The head of the garage is an auto mechanic who inspects cars before releasing them to the line, and also provides fuel and lubricants.
- Auto mechanic - repairs cars, carries out their prevention.
- Road safety engineer - responsible for the appropriate training of drivers, briefing, interaction with the traffic police.
- Medical worker - carries out a pre-trip examination of drivers.
- An accountant is needed if the organization operates under the general taxation regime or has a large fleet of vehicles. In other cases, it is not necessary to hire an accountant.
Finding Clients
Finding customers is the main task for the head of a motor transport company. It is necessary to act “on all fronts” in order to maximize the load on the entire existing fleet and prevent long downtime of equipment.
The car company can carry out such activities to attract customers:
- place ads for transportation, designed for individuals(newspapers, stops, entrances);
- advertise on the Internet, create a business card site for your company;
- agree on the provision of services with entrepreneurs (furniture stores and household appliances, construction firms, repair teams, travel agencies);
- track tenders for transportation and take part in them;
- establish links with larger carriers, dispatch centers and forwarding companies who may have a job for your company;
- collect a database of enterprises for the formation commercial offers about cooperation.
It is not easy to get a major client of a young transport company, but small shipments auto companies make money too. In this case, the profitability of the entire business depends on the number of orders.
Current expenses need to be reduced: do not exceed the consumption of fuel and lubricants, deal with the "left" orders of drivers that harm the company, carefully monitor the technical condition of the fleet, and carry out preventive maintenance more often to avoid repairs. Wage drivers should be installed depending on the completed orders.
When forming a fleet, try to purchase cars designed for different types transportation: the versatility of the transport company makes it possible to expand the search base for potential customers.
