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Sevastopol National Technical University

Development aspects innovation activities in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea

Krikunova A.A., student;

Ablaev R.R., assistant

Formulation of the problem. World economy The 21st century is characterized by the term "global knowledge economy" or "innovative economy", the main factors in the formation and development of which are knowledge and human capital.

In modern economic conditions, characterized by increased globalization and intensification of regionalization processes, increasing the competitiveness of national economic systems and regions becomes a priority task for economic development and is determined by the effectiveness of scientific, technical and innovative activities. In the context of the transition of the Ukrainian economy to an innovative development path, the problem of the formation and implementation of a regional innovation policy.

In the domestic economic literature the problems of formation of national and regional innovation systems are devoted to the works of such scientists as: Z.O. Adamanova, L.L. Antonyuk, N.V. Apatova, V.S. Savchuk, N.Ya. Petrakov, SV. Kortov, N. Beketova, V. Podkolzina, A. Shabarova, L. Shakhovskaya.

The purpose of the article is to consider the main aspects of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the development of measures to improve the management system of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Research results. World experience shows that industrialized countries have made their breakthrough to the world market, primarily through the development of innovation and the mobilization of intellectual resources. In the conditions of global economic competition, the leading positions are occupied by states that provide the most favorable conditions for innovation and apply the most effective methods management of innovative processes. The success of innovation activity is determined, first of all, by the effectiveness of the implementation of the state innovation policy.

The formation of an innovative model for the development of the region takes place under the influence of global and national trends, taking into account regional innovation priorities that do not contradict the state and correspond to the characteristics of production, resource, human and scientific potential. In this regard, the innovation system of the region can be considered as a subsystem of the innovation sector of the country and the socio-economic sphere of the region. Therefore, the creation of an innovation system involves the formation of a complex of scientific, technical, technological, socio-economic, legal conditions for the sustainable development of the economy, improving the living standards of the population based on the transformation of the regional economy and creating competitive products. Based on this, the main objectives of the region's innovation policy are:

permanent increase of competitive advantages,

activation of innovative processes,

increasing the level of development of innovative potential,

creating a favorable investment climate,

promotion innovative activity.

The development of the region based on innovation is the most important factor in its competitiveness. In general terms, the innovation process can be represented as a mechanism for increasing innovation activity, including the presence of an effective regional innovation system, to realize the existing innovation potential in the current conditions, in order to create popular innovative products, their further successful commercialization and, as a result, increase the competitiveness of the region.

The development of a strategy for regional innovation policy should, first of all, correspond to the priorities of the socio-economic development of the region as a whole. The main directions of the strategy of socio-economic development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2011-2020. are :

2) the formation of the agricultural sector of the XXI century, which involves the development of high-quality agricultural production based on modern science-intensive and environmentally friendly technologies;

3) modernization of the sectoral structure of industry, which involves the creation of a competitive industry based on the use of advanced achievements of science and technology in production activities;

4) development of transport potential, including increasing the level, quality and diversification of transport communications;

5) creation of conditions for raising the standard of living of the population.

The innovative development of the economy of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, taking into account the main directions of socio-economic development, involves:

strengthening the innovative orientation of the economy, increasing the volume of production of competitive products, resort and reaction services and the development of the social sphere;

ecologization of production, balanced use and restoration of recreational and other natural resources;

accelerating the development of priority sectors of the economy that provide the population and the recreational and tourist complex with high-quality food, goods and services, expanding their export opportunities.

The basis for the development of innovation policy at the regional level is a comprehensive study of the existing innovation potential, its dynamics, and the results of implementation. The level of development of innovative potential reflects the effectiveness of innovative activity, determines the priority areas for the development of the region's economy (Table 1).

Table 1 - Indicators of innovation activity of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the period 2005-2010 .

Indicators
Number of innovatively active enterprises, units
The volume of sold innovative products, mln.
Costs for innovation activities, mln. UAH
The volume of costs for research and development in industry, mln. UAH
Share of sold innovative products in industrial volume, %
Share of industrial enterprises implementing innovations, %
Number of completed scientific and technical work, units
The share of innovatively active enterprises of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the total volume of enterprises in Ukraine, %

Describing the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, it should be noted that prior to the crisis in 2008, there was a positive trend in innovation development, but in terms of performance, in comparison with the leading regions of Ukraine, Crimea lags far behind. In recent years, the region's economy continues to slowly increase the lost indicators of innovative development, however, taking into account the fact that the depreciation of fixed assets in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea increases every year and the outdated material and technical base continues to be used, while reducing production efficiency, it is necessary to immediately intensify the process innovation activities, through the implementation of an effective state innovation policy.

The most important indicator of the innovativeness of the economy is the innovative activity of enterprises, among the factors that hinder innovative processes in enterprises, there are such as:

insufficiency of own funds (44.5%),

high monetary value of innovation costs (34.8%),

presence of more competitive organizations (20.3%),

lack of public funding (19.4%),

failure external funding(16.3%) and others (Table 2).

Table 2 - Distribution of factors hindering innovation processes in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

	Number of cases in % of their total number, when the enterprise indicated the proposed factor
Lack of funds within an organization or group
Innovation costs are too high
The market is dominated by well-equipped organizations
Insufficient public funding
Insufficient funding from sources outside the organization
Difficult to find cooperation partners
No need, as there is no demand for innovation
Not enough qualified personnel
There is no accurate information about the demand for innovative goods (services)
Not enough market information
Not enough information about technologies
No need as recent innovations have been introduced

Consequently, for autonomy enterprises, the most significant deterrent innovation process is the lack of funding, and all sources: own, state and other borrowed funds.

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea has a significant scientific, technical and innovative potential for the development of innovative activities, however, due to the accumulated unresolved problems, in particular, the growing gap between science and production; the protracted transformation of the administrative-command management of the economy into a market economy system; lack of benefits and preferences, as well as favorable conditions for financing innovation activities; lack of a consistent and systematic nature of the innovation management in the region, the innovative development of the region becomes extremely difficult.

Taking into account regional innovation priorities, analysis of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and consideration of existing problems in the development of innovation activity in the region, the following activities are necessary for the intensification and effectiveness of innovation activity:

formation of a regional system of innovation activity management;

formation of effective innovative investment strategy for the development of recreational tourist complex- as a basic branch of the region's economy;

the formation of clusters of "innovative activity" - how effective tool activation of innovative activity.

In the current economic conditions of the development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, one of the main strategic priorities is the formation of a regional innovation system with a developed infrastructure and an effective regulatory mechanism. Efficient Management innovation process is necessary for the implementation of the following activities:

scientific research coordination,

stimulation of innovative activity,

improvement of the legislative framework,

target financing,

regulation of international cooperation, etc.

Improvement of the innovation management system should be based on the creation of systems of relevant bodies for managing innovation processes in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The main elements of which, in our opinion, can be:

regional innovation fund - the leading body for the intensification of innovation activity in the region;

regional venture fund supporting innovative business;

regional center for innovative development;

center for engineering and technology transfer;

council of scientific and technical activity;

center for technological research;

small and medium business support fund;

center for marketing and analytical research and expertise;

investment promotion agencies.

The main point in the formation of a regional innovation management system is to determine the fundamental role of the state in the implementation of financial support and the introduction of organizational and regulatory measures.

Taking into account the specifics of our peninsula, the program of socio-economic development of Crimea for 2011-2020, developed by the government, defines one of the most important strategic priorities - the effective functioning of the recreational tourism complex and its formation on an innovative basis as the main branch of the economy of the republic. Important in this direction is the formation of an effective innovation and investment strategy for the region, aimed at creating a favorable investment climate that increases the innovative attractiveness of the region for foreign investors, reforming tax legislation to enhance investment activity, updating investment in human resources, to increase the intellectual potential of the region.

An innovative direction for the development of the tourism industry in the Crimea should be the creation of resort towns in coastal cities. The organization of resort cities provides for the creation of free economic zones, and contributes to the development of urban infrastructure, the intensification of investment activity, and, consequently, the improvement of the investment climate. In this regard, it is advisable to give the Southern Coast of Crimea (SCC) the status of a tourist and recreational zone that is free from taxes and has various types of preferential taxation, which contributes to the emergence of a competitive tourism product, transferring the hospitality, leisure and travel industry to an innovative development path.

A prerequisite for the development of a regional innovation model in the ARC is the use of a cluster strategy. The communication network characteristic of an innovation cluster will create favorable conditions for the diffusion of new technologies and is based on a combination of internal capabilities and external incentives for participants to enhance innovation. The implementation of structural transformations of the region based on the development of clusters is the formation of innovative clusters as an integral system for creating new products and technologies that are interconnected and concentrated in a certain economic space. It is advisable to create the following clusters of "innovative activity":

industrial parks (Bakhchisaray, Dzhankoy, Krasnoperekopsk),

agro-industrial complexes (Krasnogvardeyskoye, Dzhankoy),

science-intensive clusters (Simferopol, Sevastopol).

Conclusions. As a result of the study, the main aspects of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea were identified, priority measures were identified to enhance the innovation process in the region, in particular those related to the improvement of the innovation management system in the region, the creation of an effective innovation and investment strategy, the formation of innovative structures in the tourism industry, economic development region based on the cluster strategy. Carrying out these activities is aimed at enhancing the innovative development of the region, increasing its competitiveness, improving the socio-economic situation and ensuring sustainable development.

management innovation model activation

Bibliographic list of used literature

1. Crimea in the context of globalization of the world economy: monograph / ed. Prof. A.M. Kleymenov. - Simferopol: KRP "Publishing House "Krymuchpedgiz", 2008. - 196 p.

2. Scientific activities in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea: stat. zb. - Simferopol: Golov. ex. statistics in the ARC, 2011. - 266 p.

3. Organization of territorial innovative structures (policies): [Electronic resource] // Proceedings of the Crimean Academy of Sciences. - Access mode: http://www.crimea.edu

4. Reznik V.G. The introduction of innovative technologies - a way to improve the competitiveness of small enterprises of the Crimea / V.G. Reznik // Science and business. Problems of development of small innovative entrepreneurship: materials of scientific. - pract. conf. - Simferopol: Ministry of Economy of the ARC, 2008. - 131 p.

5. Strategy for economic and social development Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2011-2020: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: www.minek-crimea.gov.ua

6. Tukhbatullina A.B. Regional innovation system as a basis for the formation of clusters in the region / A.B. Tukhbatullina // Socio-economic phenomena and processes. - 2008. - No. 4 (012). - S.79-82

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Khairova E.A.
Culture of the peoples of the Black Sea region. - 2012. - No. 219. - P.98-100.

Formulation of the problem. The world economy of the 21st century is characterized by the term "global knowledge economy" or "innovation economy", the main factors in the formation and development of which are knowledge and human capital.

In modern economic conditions, characterized by increased globalization and intensification of regionalization processes, increasing the competitiveness of national economic systems and regions becomes a priority task for economic development and is determined by the effectiveness of scientific, technical and innovative activities. In the context of the transition of the Ukrainian economy to an innovative path of development, the problem of the formation and implementation of a regional innovation policy is being updated.

In the domestic economic literature, the problems of the formation of national and regional innovation systems are devoted to the works of such scientists as: Z.O. Adamanova, L.L. Antonyuk, N.V. Apatova, V.S. Savchuk, N.Ya. Petrakov, SV. Kortov, N. Beketova, V. Podkolzina, A. Shabarova, L. Shakhovskaya.

The purpose of the article is to consider the main aspects of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the development of measures to improve the management system of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Research results. World experience shows that industrialized countries have made their breakthrough to the world market, primarily through the development of innovation and the mobilization of intellectual resources. In the conditions of global economic competition, the leading positions are occupied by states that provide the most favorable conditions for innovation and apply the most effective methods of managing innovation processes. The success of innovation activity is determined, first of all, by the effectiveness of the implementation of the state innovation policy.

The formation of an innovative model for the development of the region takes place under the influence of global and national trends, taking into account regional innovation priorities that do not contradict the state and correspond to the characteristics of production, resource, human and scientific potential. In this regard, the innovation system of the region can be considered as a subsystem of the country's innovation sector and socio-economic spheres of the region. Consequently, the creation of an innovation system involves the formation of a complex of scientific, technical, technological, socio-economic, legal conditions for the sustainable development of the economy, improving the living standards of the population based on the transformation of the region's economy and the creation of competitive products. Based on this, the main objectives of the region's innovation policy are:

Permanent increase of competitive advantages,
- activation of innovative processes,
- increasing the level of development of innovative potential,
- creating a favorable investment climate,
- Increasing innovation activity.

1) reforming the sanatorium-resort and tourism sector, in particular, the comprehensive realization of the potential of sanatorium-resort treatment and tourism through the introduction of innovative technologies in recreational activities;
2) the formation of the agricultural sector of the XXI century, which involves the development of high-quality agricultural production based on modern science-intensive and environmentally friendly technologies;
3) modernization of the sectoral structure of industry, which involves the creation of a competitive industry based on the use of advanced achievements of science and technology in production activities;
4) development of transport potential, including increasing the level, quality and diversification of transport communications;
5) creation of conditions for raising the standard of living of the population.

The innovative development of the economy of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, taking into account the main directions of socio-economic development, involves:

Strengthening the innovative orientation of the economy, increasing the volume of production of competitive products, resort and reaction services and the development of the social sphere;
- ecologization of production, balanced use and restoration of recreational and other natural resources;
- accelerating the development of priority sectors of the economy that provide the population and the recreational and tourist complex with high-quality food, goods and services, expanding their export opportunities.

Table 1.

Indicators of innovative activity of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the period 2005-2010.

Indicators	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Number of innovatively active enterprises, units	33	24	33	40	31	37
The volume of sold innovative products, mln.	932,2	557,9	624	280,1	174,5	163
Costs for innovation activity, mln hryvnia	93,6	90,2	185	225,6	129,8	146,7
The volume of costs for research and development in industry, mln. UAH	1,5	2,8	9,4	12,3	21,2	12,7
Share of sold innovative products in industrial volume,%	14,5	7,9	6,5	2,3	1,4	1,1
Share of industrial enterprises implementing innovations, %	6,6	6,1	8,7	9,9	6,8	6,9
Number of completed scientific and technical works, units	2996	3053	1545	1304	1019	1005
The share of innovatively active enterprises of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the total volume of enterprises in Ukraine, %	11,9	11,2	14,2	13,0	12,8	13,8

The most important indicator of the innovativeness of the economy is the innovative activity of enterprises, among the factors that hinder innovative processes in enterprises, there are such as:

Insufficiency of own funds (44.5%),
- high monetary value of innovation costs (34.8%),
- availability of more competitive organizations (20.3%),
- lack of public funding (19.4%),
- lack of external funding (16.3%) and others (Table 2).

Table 2.

Distribution of factors constraining innovation processes in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Factor	Number of cases in % of their total number, when the enterprise indicated the proposed factor
Lack of funds within an organization or group	44, 5
Innovation costs are too high	34,8
The market is dominated by well-equipped organizations	20,3
Insufficient public funding	19,4
Insufficient funding from sources outside the organization	16,3
Difficult to find cooperation partners	16,3
No need, as there is no demand for innovation	8,8
Not enough qualified personnel	7,5
There is no accurate information about the demand for innovative goods (services)	6,6
Not enough market information	5,3
Not enough information about technologies	4
No need as recent innovations have been introduced	1,8

Consequently, for the enterprises of the autonomy, the most significant deterrent to the innovation process is the lack of funding, and all sources: own, state and other borrowed funds.

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea has a significant scientific, technical and innovative potential for the development of innovative activities, however, due to the accumulated unresolved problems, in particular, the growing gap between science and production; the protracted transformation of the administrative-command management of the economy into a market economy system; lack of benefits and preferences, as well as favorable conditions for financing innovation activities; the absence of a consistent and systematic nature of the implementation of innovative management in the region, the innovative development of the region becomes extremely difficult.

Formation of a regional system of innovation activity management;
- formation of an effective innovation and investment strategy for the development of the recreational and tourist complex - as the basic sector of the region's economy;
- formation of clusters of "innovative activity" - as an effective tool for enhancing innovative activity.

In the current economic conditions of the development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, one of the main strategic priorities is the formation of a regional innovation system with a developed infrastructure and an effective regulatory mechanism. Effective management of the innovation process is necessary for the implementation of the following activities:

Scientific research coordination,
- stimulation of innovative activity,
- improvement of the legislative framework,
- target financing,
- regulation of international cooperation, etc.

Regional Innovation Fund - the leading body for the intensification of innovation activities in the region;
- regional venture fund supporting innovative business;
- regional center of innovative development;
- center for engineering and technology transfer;
- council of scientific and technical activity;
- Center for technological research;
- support fund for small and medium-sized businesses;
- Center for marketing and analytical research and expertise;
- investment promotion agencies.

Taking into account the specifics of our peninsula, the program of socio-economic development of Crimea for 2011-2020, developed by the government, defines one of the most important strategic priorities - the effective functioning of the recreational and tourist complex and its formation on an innovative basis as the main sector of the economy of the republic. Important in this direction is the formation of an effective innovation and investment strategy for the region, aimed at creating a favorable investment climate that increases the innovative attractiveness of the region for foreign investors, reforming tax legislation to enhance investment activity, updating investment in human resources, to increase the intellectual potential of the region.

An innovative direction for the development of the tourism industry in the Crimea should be the creation of resort towns in coastal cities. The organization of resort cities provides for the creation of free economic zones, and contributes to the development of urban infrastructure, the intensification of investment activity, and, consequently, the improvement of the investment climate. In this regard, it is advisable to grant the Southern Coast of Crimea (SCC) the status of a tourist and recreational zone that is free from taxes and has various types of preferential taxation, which contributes to the emergence of a competitive tourism product, transferring the hospitality, leisure and travel industry to an innovative development path.

Industrial parks (Bakhchisaray, Dzhankoy, Krasnoperekopsk),
- agro-industrial complexes (Krasnogvardeyskoye, Dzhankoy),
- knowledge-intensive clusters (Simferopol, Sevastopol).

Conclusions. As a result of the study, the main aspects of the development of innovation activity in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea were identified, priority measures were identified to enhance the innovation process in the region, in particular those related to the improvement of the innovation management system in the region, the creation of an effective innovation and investment strategy, the formation of innovative structures in the tourism industry, economic development region based on the cluster strategy. Carrying out these activities is aimed at enhancing the innovative development of the region, increasing its competitiveness, improving the socio-economic situation and ensuring sustainable development.

Sources and literature

1. Crimea in the context of globalization of the world economy: monograph / ed. prof. A.M. Kleymenov. - Simferopol: KRP "Publishing House" Krymuchpedgiz ", 2008. - 196 p.
2. Scientific activities in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea: stat. zb. - Simferopol: Golov. ex. statistics in the ARC, 2011. - 266 p.
3. Organization of territorial innovative structures (policies): [Electronic resource] // Proceedings of the Crimean Academy of Sciences. – Access mode: http://www.crimea.edu
4. Reznik V.G. The introduction of innovative technologies is a way to increase the competitiveness of small enterprises of the Crimea / V.G. Reznik // Science and business. Problems of development of small innovative entrepreneurship: materials of scientific-practical. conf. - Simferopol: Ministry of Economy of the ARC, 2008. - 131 p.
5. Strategy for economic and social development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2011-2020: [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: www.minek-crimea.gov.ua
6. Tukhbatullina A.B. Regional innovation system as a basis for the formation of clusters in the region / A.B. Tukhbatullina // Socio-economic phenomena and processes. - 2008. - No. 4 (012). - P.79-82.

“SOME ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES (based on the materials of industrial enterprises of the Crimea) Abibullaev M.S. ..."

SOME ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

ENTERPRISES

(on the materials of industrial enterprises of the Crimea)

Abibullaev M.S.

Tauride National University. V I. Vernadsky

Nowadays, more and more businesses are realizing

the huge role of innovation in the successful organization of its activities,

conquering new markets, strengthening competitive advantages. Enterprises

they try to the best of their ability to update fixed assets, introducing new technologies into production, producing new types of products, updating the list of services provided, improving their quality. State bodies Ukraine's administrations are also aware of the importance of innovation as a factor in accelerating economic growth in Ukraine. This problem is in the sphere of attention of both the legislative authorities (the Law of Ukraine "On Innovation Activities" was adopted) and the executive branch, which develops strategies for the innovative development of the entire country and its individual regions. The problems of innovative development of individual enterprises and the economy as a whole are also relevant for countries with developed economic system. This is confirmed by the huge number of scientific papers devoted to these problems, as well as the presence in these countries of specialized scientific and practical journals.

Both domestic and foreign scientists pay considerable attention to the problems of the influence of innovative structures (technoparks) on the development of the economy and the innovation and investment policy of the regions, the intensification of innovative activity in certain industries and enterprises, and are also busy developing the scientific foundations for analyzing innovative activity and evaluating its effectiveness. In some scientific papers various approaches to managing the innovative development of subjects are being studied economic activity.

Economists suggest various models characterizing the behavior of innovative firms in different markets.

Special attention in the research is paid to the problems of studying innovation activity from the point of view of various economic theories:

classical, neoclassical, evolutionary.

It should be noted that in the research of innovative activity, little attention is paid to the assessment of the innovative development of individual enterprises or their group in terms of one type. economic activity, namely, how the activity of the enterprise associated with the creation or implementation of something new influenced its position in the market. According to official statistics, one can only conclude how much money was spent on innovative activities, how much innovative products were produced and sold, etc. But these indicators do not represent an opportunity to make a complete conclusion about the place of an enterprise in the market of manufactured products or a separate type of economic activity in the innovative development.

Until now, a mechanism for assessing the innovative development of enterprises has not been developed, the use of which could give a clear picture of the innovative activity of enterprises in the regional context or for a specific type of economic activity. The results of such an assessment are necessary, in our opinion, primarily for enterprises to develop adequate strategies for their development, as well as for regional governments to develop policies in the field of innovation.

A review of the theoretical foundations of the study of innovation activity allows us to conclude that the innovative development of enterprises is most correctly considered from the point of view of evolutionary theory, because evolution is one of the forms of development.

Proponents of this economic theory speak of the evolution of enterprises as the evolution of biological systems, i.e. the enterprise is understood as some "live" system. In the process of interaction in the market, enterprises develop a certain “gene pool” (experience and behavioral skills) that helps them “survive” in the market in the future.

According to J. Schumpeter, the founder of the evolutionary economic theory, the main factor in the survival of enterprises in the market is the innovative activity of entrepreneurs.

Interesting from the standpoint of evolutionary theory is that economic entities change over time, in contrast to the basic neoclassical concepts, which state that entities remain unchanged within the described processes. So, for example, with an increase in sales volumes, a neoclassical enterprise does not change qualitatively, but only changes its quantitative characteristics. According to evolutionary theory, the process of increasing the volume of production is accompanied and carried out due to the accumulation of experience - industrial and commercial.

Thus, when studying the innovative development of enterprises, it is necessary to take into account the approaches of various economic theories. In our opinion, the evolutionary approach is interesting because it tries to explain the qualitative nature of the innovative development of enterprises.

The study of innovation activity requires the availability of an appropriate methodology. In this regard, the methodology for assessing the levels of innovative development is of interest. Such an assessment can be useful in substantiating changes in certain markets, cycles of ups and downs in the economy, the role of innovation in industry or regional contexts, etc. We propose a methodology that can make it possible to assess (if appropriate initial data are available) the levels of innovative development of individual enterprises. As a result of using this technique, it is possible to evaluate the innovative development of enterprises in the markets of a certain product, the place of the enterprise among competitors, which can allow developing adequate innovative strategies.

When calculating the index of innovative development, the following indicators are used: indicators of expenditures on innovation activity (Iin.exp.), innovative product (Iin.prod.), own funds for financing innovation activity (Iobst av.), new technology and technology (Inov. tech.) and the level of education of personnel (Iobr. pers).

Using a simple average to find the index of innovative development, in our opinion, will not adequately reflect the actual situation in relation to innovative development. Most likely, it is necessary to use the weighted average formula, giving individual indicators certain weights. To determine the degree of significance of the indicators used in the assessment of innovative development, it is necessary to use the method of expert assessments. The most innovative enterprises operating either in a particular market or within a particular region can act as experts. To determine the significance of these indicators, in 2004 we, together with the Main Department of Statistics of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, conducted a survey of industrial enterprises in Crimea, which resulted in the determination of weights for each group of indicators included in the assessment of innovative development.

Thus, the index of innovative development of enterprises will look like this:

n1` I in. cons. + n2 I in.prod. + n3 I own average in + n4 I new.tech + n5 I arr.pers I and. R. =, n1 + n 2 + n3 + n 4 + n5 where ni are the corresponding weights for each indicator of the innovation development index, found by an expert.

Special questionnaires were sent to Crimean industrial enterprises engaged in innovative activities to determine the significance of indicators for calculating the generalizing index of innovative development. In this questionnaire, managers or those responsible for the innovative activity of enterprises were asked, on a five-point scale, to assess the significance of the factors of innovative activity and the motives that encourage them to carry out innovative activity.

The management of the industrial enterprises of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea highly appreciated the availability of own funds for carrying out innovative activities as a factor influencing the innovative activity of the enterprise (average score 4.46 points). Also highly rated factors such as the availability of qualified personnel and their own strategy to conquer the market (average score of 4.46 and 4.62 points, respectively). At the level of 3.5 points, such factors as the possibility of attracting public resources, loans and other investments for innovation activities were assessed. Enterprises rated such a factor as the presence of a research base rather low.

Among the motives that encourage enterprises to carry out innovative activities, the management of enterprises highly appreciated the technical and technological group. So, at the level of 4.5 points, the motives associated with increasing the flexibility of production, reducing the consumption of raw materials and materials, and reducing energy consumption were assessed. The management highly rated the motives associated with the personnel of enterprises: the insufficient number of qualified personnel as a motive was rated at 4.1 points, and the reduction in expenses for wages at 3.85 points. However, enterprises tend not to associate themselves with the professional skills of the staff: reducing dependence on the professional knowledge of workers due to the accumulation of “know-how” in computer databases

rated as a motive at 3.38 points.

Less than 3.5 points, the heads of enterprises rated such motives as reducing labor intensity, improving labor protection measures, and environmental protection measures.

The results of calculating the index of innovative development of industrial enterprises according to the statistical data of 2003 revealed an interesting picture.

On the one hand, the absolute indicators of the innovation activity of the industrial enterprises of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea have strong differences: individual enterprises had large innovation costs compared to other enterprises in the industry, some enterprises used completely different sources of financing, and the structure of innovative costs was completely different during the study period. The volumes of sold innovative products also sharply differed.

On the other hand, the index of innovative development of industrial enterprises for the main types of economic activity, according to the calculations, is in the vicinity of the value of 0.2. Thus, we can conclude that the levels of innovative development of various industries in 2003 are practically the same. At the same time, it should be noted that the levels of innovative development of the industrial enterprises of the ARC are quite low.

To confirm this, we have selected indicators involved in the calculation of the index of innovative development, corresponding to the maximum possible innovative activity in the industry. For such an enterprise, we obtained an index of innovative development equal to 0.34.

Thus, the indices of innovative development of the industrial enterprises of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea are more than 1.5 times less than the potential ones.

The calculated indices of innovative development allow us to draw one very important conclusion. If, according to this method, the indices of innovative development for industrial enterprises within a certain type of economic activity are calculated, then a comparison can be made between the innovative development of individual enterprises. Such a comparison can enable the development of appropriate innovation strategies. In addition, it is necessary to keep in mind the theoretical prerequisites that innovative development provides potential advantages in the competitive struggle between enterprises. Moreover, these advantages are the most significant for the speedy conquest of the market.

The calculation of the innovation development indices for various kinds economic activity in industry showed that if they were enterprises of the same industry, they would have approximately the same opportunities in the field of innovation. Unfortunately, we were not able to obtain relevant information about the activities of enterprises in one industry and calculate the corresponding indices. However, this can be done by regional economic management bodies (Ministry of Economy, Main Department of Statistics in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, etc.). But even the information received allows us to conclude that the heads of enterprises, state and regional authorities have a lot of work to do to enhance the innovative development of industrial enterprises.

Separately, I would like to dwell on the possibilities of using the results of the assessment of innovative development by business leaders.

The index of innovative development, even if it is calculated as a whole for one industry, can serve as a starting point for accelerating innovative development. Each enterprise can independently calculate the innovation development index and compare its innovation development index with the index for the industry as a whole. This will enable the head of the enterprise: firstly, to determine their place among the enterprises of the industry in the context of innovative development, and therefore to evaluate their competitive advantages, and secondly, to develop an appropriate strategy for further market conquest. In addition, the head of the enterprise, based on the results of calculating the index of innovative development, can study its structure in detail, and identify which indicators underestimate its value, and which ones increase it. In other words, the head of the enterprise can identify weaknesses that hinder the innovative development of his enterprise.

Having calculated the index of innovative development by periods, one can observe its changes, as well as changes structural elements index in dynamics, and make appropriate adjustments to the strategy of the enterprise.

Thus, the following main conclusions can be formulated. In the theory of studying the innovative development of enterprises, it is necessary to determine the directions for using the provisions of classical, neoclassical economic theories and the provisions of the theory of evolutionary economics, as well as to determine the possibility of their sharing. On a regional scale or certain types economic activity, it is required to assess the levels of innovative development, which will help enterprises develop adequate innovative strategies, and the regional authorities to adjust economic policy.

Bibliography

1. Law of Ukraine "On Innovation Activity", No. 40-IV dated 04.07.2002

2. Abibullaev M.S. Theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing the innovative development of enterprises // Strategy for the economic development of Ukraine, 2004. - No. 15. - S. 80-87.

3. Vinarchik P. Salvation of ideas: J. Schumpeter and key problems of opposing economic theories // Questions of Economics, 2003. P. 15-27.

4. Danko M. Problems of forecasting the innovative and technological development of the economy // Economics of Ukraine, 2000. No. 5.- P.35-40.

5. Ilyashenko S.M. Management of innovative development of subjects of state activity in an unstable market environment: Dis. doc.

economy Sciences: 08.06.03. - Sumi, 2000. - 412 p.

6. Kabalina V., Clark S. Innovations in post-Soviet industrial enterprises// Issues of Economics. - No. 7, 2001. - S.19-33.

7. Mayevsky V. Evolutionary theory and technological progress // Questions of Economics, 2001. - No. 11. - P. 5-16

8. Paton B. Innovative way to the development of the economy of Ukraine // Visn.

NAS of Ukraine, 2001. - No. 2. - P.11-16.

9. Polyakov S.G., Stepnov I.M. Model of innovative development of the enterprise // Innovations, 2003. - No. 2-3 (59-60). - P. 36-38.

10. Seminozhenko V. Technological parks of Ukraine: the first experience in the formation of an innovative economy // Economy of Ukraine, 2004. - №1. - S. 16-21.

11. Metcalfe, J. Stanley - Evolutionary economics and creative destruction / J. Stanley Metcalfe. - London: Routledge, 1998 (The Graz Schumpeter Lectures). XII, 153 p, il.

12. Nelson R., Winter S. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. – Harvard University Press, 1984.

13. Schumpeter J.A. Thorie de l "Evolution Economique, Recherches sur le Profit, le Crdit, l" Intrt et le Cycle de la Conjoncture. — Librairie Dalloz. – Paris, 1935.

Abibullayev M. Some Aspects of Innovational Development of the Enterprises.

The summary: in article the theoretical bases of study innovational development of the enterprises, technique of an estimation innovational development are opened. On materials innovational activity of the industrial enterprises analysis is spent, and also the results of interrogation of the chiefs of the enterprises under their attitude to innovational development are submitted.

Key words: innovation, innovational development, industrial enterprise.

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For the sustainable development of enterprises agro-industrial complex the growth of innovative activity is of decisive importance, which includes the development and implementation of innovations, as well as the skillful use of the achievements of scientific and technical progress.

Agriculture is one of the main sectors of the agro-industrial complex of Crimea. The introduction of innovations in agricultural enterprises is associated primarily with a high degree the risk of invested funds, since there is a risk of uncertainty in obtaining an increased result.

Innovative activity in agriculture can bring both positive results for the agro-industrial complex, and put an agro-industrial enterprise in a difficult position if innovations turn out to be lower than expected results. .

In this connection, one of the main conditions for the development of agricultural production in modern market relations is to increase the efficiency of innovation in agriculture.

Innovation is the main element in the development of a market economy, it is an innovation that ensures the functioning of new processes or the development of products that are in demand on the market.

Innovative development strategy Agriculture is directly related to the development and development of innovations that ensure the competitiveness of agricultural products. .

The development of innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex is impossible without financial support and a phased restoration of agricultural production. Therefore, there are a number of factors influencing the development of innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex, which can be represented as follows (see table 1).

Table 1

Factors influencing the development of innovation activity in the agro-industrial complex

The complexity of introducing innovations in the agricultural sector is determined by the strengthening of the role of the state in stimulating innovations, a combination of various types and methods of innovation management.

The development and implementation of innovations in the agro-industrial complex of Crimea is carried out in accordance with the strategy for the development of innovative activities in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for the period up to 2020, developed on the basis of the Strategy for the economic and social development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for the period up to 2020.

Currently, the agricultural complex is focused on providing crop and livestock products mainly to local domestic markets serving the sanatorium and tourist complexes.

The main problems hindering the development of innovations are the lack of a modern infrastructure for the agricultural market; low investment attractiveness and unsatisfied state of innovation in agricultural production. Agricultural enterprises are characterized by a low level of processing of agricultural products domestic production and its inconsistency international standards quality.

The main goal of the strategy for the development of innovative activities of agribusiness enterprises is to achieve a sustainable level and quality of life based on an innovative socio-economic system, which will be carried out in the following areas:

Development of a high quality agricultural product;

Formation of the base of modern environmentally friendly technologies;

Increase in export capital;

Formation of effective information support;

Introduction of cluster principles of economic organization of agricultural enterprises.

The innovative strategy of an enterprise is determined by such important components as the object and resources that an agro-industrial complex enterprise has, market positions and general economic structure (controlled market share, access to sources of financing and raw materials, competitiveness).

The development of high-quality agricultural production based on modern environmentally friendly technologies that can ensure food security for the population and recreants and increase export potential traditional industries of the region, as well as to revive social sphere villages is one of the priority directions of the strategy for the development of innovative activities of the agro-industrial complex of Crimea. .

Low endowment innovative technologies processing and storage of products shows the predominant development of raw materials in agricultural production, most agricultural producers do not have the opportunity to supply agricultural products to markets.

The market economy, which is characterized by intense competition, requires a special approach to innovation. With the goal of increasing efficiency, innovation opens up broad prospects for the development of modern entrepreneurship. Successful innovation activity enables the enterprise to form positive image, improve competitiveness, make better use of limited resources, increase profits. The development of an innovative development strategy ensures the progressive, proportional, effective development of the enterprise, its economic stability and security. AT modern conditions management, it is necessary to ensure the food security of Ukraine, which is one of the priorities of the region's development strategy. Food security can only be achieved stable job domestic agricultural producers, this is possible only with state support for the innovative activities of the agro-industrial complex. Therefore, the direct participation of the state in the widespread use of modern modernized innovative technologies is necessary.

Thus, the basis for achieving the economic success of agricultural enterprises is the development of an appropriate innovation strategy, improving the manufacturability of production, economical effect and the results of the introduction of innovative renewal of the enterprise. The current level of development of innovative activities of the agroindustrial complex of Crimea directly depends on the attraction of extrabudgetary sources of financing, the implementation of microcredit at the state level, as well as the formation of agro-industrial clusters.

Used sources

1. Lukinov I.I. Strategy and mechanisms for reforming the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. / I.I. Lukinov "3rd birnik of sciences., worker of KhDAU" No. 5, 2001, p. 26.

2. Strategy for socio-economic development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2011-2020. No. 1-1/1790 dated August 12, 2010

The speaker on the concept of creating a cluster was a member of the Public Council under the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, an expert of the Advisory Council of the State Duma Committee on Energy, the head of the section "Science, Innovation and Training in the Field of Energy Saving" of the Scientific and Expert Council under working group on monitoring the implementation of legislation in the field of energy, energy saving and energy efficiency of the Federation Council Sergey Krents.

The conference was attended by representatives of leading research institutes in the field of innovations of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, representatives educational institutions involved in the training of specialists and managers for innovative companies region, representatives of innovative companies of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.

In his report, Sergey Krents noted that for the Republic of Crimea, the introduction of mechanisms to enhance the innovative activities of business entities in all areas of economic activity is considered as the most important condition for the structural restructuring of the economy, creating an attractive investment image, and solving social issues of the Republic of Crimea.

Realizing the priority of the development of the resort and recreational sector, it should be noted that the basic basis of the economy of the Republic of Crimea is industrial, transport, communications and fuel and energy enterprises, providing about 40% of revenues to the budgets of all levels. The Republic of Crimea has a fairly developed infrastructure of industrial production - these are 275 enterprises of the extractive industry, mechanical engineering, shipbuilding and ship repair, food and chemical industry, production and distribution of electricity, gas, heat and water.

An analysis of innovative activity in the industrial sector over the past 10 years has shown that about 400 new progressive technologies have been introduced into production. technological processes, of which the third part is resource-saving (117). The volume of sold innovative products for this period amounted to about 12 billion rubles.

The largest number of innovation-active enterprises are machine-building enterprises. Fiolent Plant, Simferopol Plastics Plant OJSC, Pnevmatika OJSC, Feodosia State Optical Plant, Kerch Switch Plant LLC, SELMA Machine-Building Plant OJSC, Krym Pak UTOS UPP.

Manufacturers need not just ideas and scientific developments, but specific technologies, design documentation and prototypes with indicators that can ensure the global competitiveness of goods.

It will be possible to talk about a breakthrough in the high-tech sphere only when scientific institutions and higher educational establishments will consider this work one of the main tasks when enterprises start producing new products based on new knowledge, when an organized innovation infrastructure becomes a full-fledged link at all stages of the production of an innovative product.

We need a system of selection and expert evaluation of the proposals of scientists and specialists. This will enable the development innovative projects and business plans that are understandable and attractive to investors.

Creation of favorable conditions for investing in industrial production is considered as a priority direction of the industrial policy of the Republic of Crimea.

In the field of industrial production, it is necessary to form a portfolio of investment and innovative projects that are aimed at a radical reconstruction and modernization of production, the introduction of new technological processes and energy-saving equipment.

Creation of a regional innovation-industrial cluster in the field of industrial technologies, production building materials, renewable and distributed energy in the Republic of Crimea will greatly contribute to the development and re-equipment of existing industrial productions in the Republic of Crimea, solving the urgent tasks facing enterprises to reduce dependence on imports, carry out restoration repairs, introduce high-tech science-intensive industries, and develop renewable and distributed energy.

In accordance with the decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the cluster approach provides the competitive potential for the development of the region, high level cooperation of large corporations and defense industry organizations, on the one hand, with micro, small and medium-sized businesses, scientific organizations of FASO and the Russian Academy of Sciences, universities, on the other hand. There is a large technological, scientific and educational backlog in the field of industry, production of building materials, renewable and distributed energy.

The main goals of creating an innovation-industrial cluster of the Republic of Crimea:

1. Attracting investments, both foreign and domestic, for the implementation by investors of production, research, innovation and other entrepreneurial activity, not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation on the basis of the organization of the production infrastructure, as well as on the basis of the developed special legislation that will regulate the activities of the cluster, including the provision of certain specific benefits.

2. Development of innovative activity that meets the priorities in the development of industry and services, aimed at creating competitive high-tech products.

3. Creation of new jobs, increase in wages.

Fundamentally important for the successful and sustainable development of the innovation cluster is the presence of a powerful research core capable of ensuring the development of its own innovative products.

The characteristic features of the created cluster can be: providing communications of all types necessary for the organization production process; production, storage and office space within the territory of the cluster (there may be a hotel); professional and efficient system organization of access roads, parking lots for trucks and cars, loading and unloading zones, checkpoints, etc.; a system for organizing the work of the cluster, including the provision of various types of services to resident companies of the innovation-industrial cluster, including information, consulting and legal services; cluster development support local authorities self-government and executive bodies authorities; proximity to major transport corridors (motorways, Railway, airports, pipelines, etc.); availability of acceptable-professional level and cost work force; the possibility of summing up the necessary communications; proximity to raw materials and material resources.

The priority of creating the production activity of the cluster will be determined within the framework of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of cluster policy, as well as investment and innovation activities.

The following areas are relevant for the Republic of Crimea: resource-saving technologies and new energy sources; mechanical engineering and instrument making; microelectronics; development of chemical and biotechnologies; high-tech development of agriculture and processing of agricultural products; construction, production of building materials and small-scale mechanization; medical equipment and technology; production of household goods and products for the resort and recreational sector. Fundamentally important for successful development The innovation cluster is the presence of a powerful research core, covering a fairly wide range of fundamental and applied research that can ensure the development of innovative products.

Consideration of the main factors for ensuring the innovative growth of high-tech industries in Russia using the available examples allows us to conclude that in modern conditions it can be effective to support promising industries. Required governmental support fundamental research, basic research and development (R&D), the process of updating the production base through budget financing and the state order for the relevant products. Government decisions should provide favorable conditions for the development and promotion of products of innovative clusters, technological platforms.

Formation of the cluster system in Russia, its focus on economic efficiency, innovative specialization is gradually beginning to influence the formation of Russia's development strategy. At the same time, it should be understood that the system of Russian innovation clusters will be effective and in full demand only when major development projects are implemented throughout the country. At the same time, first of all, Russia's own scientific, industrial, and human resources should be in demand.

Following the discussions of the proposed project on organizing a cluster in the field of industrial technologies, production of building materials, renewable and distributed energy in the Republic of Crimea, it was decided to turn to the Head of the Republic of Crimea S. V. Aksenov with a request to support the idea of creating a cluster and make a petition to the Ministry of Industry and trade Russian Federation on granting the project the status of "pilot" and the allocation of funding for the organizational costs of creating a cluster.