Many today are interested in the question: quail breeding - profitable business or not? This case has many features and nuances, each of which will either succeed or incur significant costs.
Profitability and benefits
Before taking any decisive steps, it is necessary to carefully weigh everything, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages. The quail business is considered quite profitable, in the case of the right approach and the correct organization of all work, profits of up to 100% can be achieved. Compared to chicken, the production of quail eggs is several times more profitable. As for breeding for meat, the advantage is twofold.
The production cycle is short enough so that the payback period can reach up to 6 months.
Birds reach maturity in the shortest possible time. For both meat growing and egg production, it is literally 2-3 months from scratch. It is these short periods that determine the rapid development of this business. The peak can be reached after 3 cycles, which is 6-9 months.
The average price for eggs in the market is 15 rubles, and food - up to 5 rubles. The latter are especially popular due to the increased content of useful substances in it, as well as the complete absence of cholesterol in the composition.
It is quite profitable to sell bird carcasses - they cost about 250 rubles apiece. The cost of food is minimal. For own farming, relatively little space is required, laying hens do not need to be walked, so you can organize all production in a small outbuilding near the house.
Premises and equipment
Given that the birds take up very little space, you can organize a business in a fairly compact room. The main requirement is a calm environment. It is very important to be away from the city noise, as the birds are extremely shy. Maintain the optimum breeding temperature (+18-22 degrees Celsius) and humidity (65%), which requires appropriate equipment and control and accounting systems.
A sharp change in these parameters can lead to a drop in egg production or even the death of the bird itself. Cages should not stand in a draft - it can lead to the same problems.
At the same time, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient supply of fresh air - most often this is done using an air conditioner. The volume of incoming air must be maintained at a rate of 2 cubic meters in winter and 5 cubic meters in summer, based on 1 kg of live bird weight.
For the heating system, you need to install an air conditioner or heater. The latter must be equipped with a system that allows maintaining the selected temperature in automatic mode.
Many experts also recommend purchasing an additional generator. It will help not to be afraid of freezing or suffocating quails in cases where power outages occur. You can set such a generator to automatically start, which will allow you to maintain the constant operation of all systems.
Cells
The first place to start is to buy cages. Most often, the Japanese quail breed is taken for breeding. Up to 120 birds can be housed per square meter of cage space. At the same time, the height of the cage is only 30 cm, which will not allow the birds to jump. To increase the available space, the cells are placed on top of each other, creating up to 5 tiers.
At the same time, it is important to ensure the convenience of caring for the birds, as they will need to be fed, watered and, over time, collect eggs. To the maximum, up to 600 quails can be bred per square meter, but in practice it is unrealistic to achieve such indicators. The reason is simple: too densely populated cells will not allow you to monitor the condition of the birds individually.
It is not at all necessary to buy specialized cages for keeping quails, they can also be made independently from improvised materials - plywood and grating, which will significantly save initial costs.
In any case, you should choose or make your own models that have a slight slope at the bottom, due to which the eggs will roll on their own. The cages themselves must be of a closed type - this will prevent food and litter from getting into them. As for drinkers, here the drip option will be the best solution.
Incubator
Breeding quails leads to the fact that over time, female birds simply lose the instinct to incubate eggs. Thus, the need for an incubator becomes urgent, that is, the incubation of eggs must be supported artificially.
The optimum temperature for this is 37-39 degrees Celsius, much higher than room temperature. It is very important that the temperature in the artificial incubator is maintained constantly.
You can also make such a device yourself according to the schemes, which you can find on the Web without much difficulty. Another option is to buy a ready-made solution in a store. On average, the prices of incubators vary from 3 to 6.5 thousand rubles. The size, functionality and the presence or absence of the possibility of setting the temperature and humidity conditions have an impact on the price.
Lighting
The light in the room should be turned on for 18 hours a day, while the intensity is also important - it should be less than 35 lux.
You will also have to provide for additional light bulbs that are mounted above the feeders, with a brightness of up to 20 lux. If these parameters are exceeded, the birds become overly aggressive.
Breeds for breeding
It should be noted that not all quail breeds are suitable for breeding for meat or eggs. There are also exclusively decorative and laboratory types.
japanese quail
Also called common. According to experts, best option for breeding for eggs. In a year, one can bring up to 310 eggs. Moreover, the carcasses of this breed are also suitable for sale for meat, their average weight is about 200 grams.
As a result, in cooking, one carcass goes exactly for one serving of the dish. Another undoubted advantage is their endurance - they rarely get sick. Thus, this type of quail is the most profitable in financial plan.
Pharaoh
Mostly beef. The average carcass weight is about 320 grams, the average number of eggs from one female is 200 per year. However, they require much more care.
They owe their popularity to a rather spectacular view, as well as large carcasses, which, however, are not to everyone's taste.
French and Estonian
These species are quite similar to each other. The average number of eggs is 300 per year, the average carcass size is 300 grams. The least demanded among others, since few people like the presentation of carcasses.
Of course, you can breed quails and other species, but they are rather decorative and it is unlikely that you will be able to get a more or less good income with their help.
Difficulties with implementation
Perhaps the main problem associated with this business is the problems with the implementation of the finished product. Growing quails on your own farm allows you to get two main products: eggs and carcasses for meat. The competition in this area is not too high, but at the same time there are considerable difficulties in finding a buyer.
Today people prefer chicken eggs. Accordingly, there are no large manufacturers in this market, most of the product comes from small companies and private traders. So, where to sell the finished product?
If it's about big business, in which thousands of quails are involved, the only option is cooperation with supermarkets and large stores. Achieving an agreement with small shops is by no means an option, sales in this case will be very low.
The ideal option is to conclude an agreement with a supermarket. The main task in this case is the search for arguments in favor of your particular product. It is far from always possible to convince the administration of this or that trading network of this. You will also need to obtain a lot of relevant permits from state structures, which would confirm the safety of products.
Sale of carcasses
Egg production in females drops sharply in the second year of life. As a result, it is simply not profitable to maintain it. The most obvious option would be slaughtering for meat with feather cleaning.
It is quite difficult to do this yourself, so you will not be able to do without the purchase of an appropriate centrifuge. It will help to reduce the time-consuming process to just a few minutes, and the processing goes immediately up to 10 carcasses.
The implementation of the sale of quail meat through large stores is a difficult task, it is much easier to donate meat to restaurants, cafes and similar establishments. Oddly enough, the Pharaoh meat breed is the least suitable for this. It is taken very reluctantly because of the size of the carcass - it is simply not suitable for a standard portion. In this regard, the Japanese breed wins again.
Work force
With the growth of business, you will certainly have to attract additional workers to cooperate. Only a team can ensure uninterrupted work on a large scale. Employees of the enterprise will be engaged in the production of special feed mixtures, direct feeding and collection of eggs. They will also clean the cells and the incubator, as well as a number of related works.
According to experts, doing business alone is possible if you are going to keep quails in the amount of no more than 600 birds. In the future, one employee will be required, and when there are over 1200 birds in the cages, a second one will have to be hired, and so on.
Brief business plan
AT in general terms, expenses (600 quails) are as follows:
Only half of the young acquired at the beginning will be female quails. Males will subsequently go exclusively for meat, which somewhat reduces their value. On the other hand, all initial costs will eventually be beaten off, since you will no longer have to buy most of the above. In addition, over time, the number of birds will begin to grow by itself, increasing the scale and profitability of the enterprise.
Conclusion
On the early stages you can get by with a fairly modest initial investment and arrange quail breeding at home in order to test the model, doing production only for yourself and your friends.
After a little run-in, you can scale up by increasing production volumes. True, for this it is advisable to agree in advance with buyers in the face of large stores.
Video: quail breeding as a business.
Among the many business ideas, it is worth highlighting the quail business. It has a high profitability, does not require special knowledge and financial costs, and in addition, competition in the quail market is very low, which makes this species business is very attractive.
What is a quail business
The quail business consists of breeding quails and selling them to the market. At the same time, you can earn money not only by selling adult birds, but also their carcasses, eggs, and even litter.
The main points of sale of goods are restaurants, supermarket chains, poultry farms and farms. Considering that quail meat and eggs are still considered a delicacy in our country to some extent, it is oriented this business to cities with millions of people. In small towns, it will not bring the expected income.
There are two types of quails that are popular with us - the usual, Japanese laying hen and the pharaoh or broiler.
common quail has a weight of 100 - 120 gr. and brings up to 300 eggs a year. Broilers weigh 250 - 300 gr. and lay up to 200 eggs per year. We note right away that broiler carcasses are in less demand. It has to do with the portion size. To prepare one dish, such a carcass is too large, but cutting it into two parts means spoiling the look of the dish.
Quails begin to rush at the age of 30 - 40 days, but by the year their productivity drops and the birds need to be updated. Eggs are stored up to 60 days in the refrigerator and no more than 30 at room temperature.
Birds can be slaughtered for meat from 2 to 3 months and, with proper processing, stored in the freezer from six months to 9 months.
room
Before you open your quail farm, you need to find a room. One of the advantages of quails is that they do not take up much space. So, to keep 100 birds, you need only 0.5 square meters. m.
The room in which the birds will be kept must be well ventilated, as the birds need fresh air. At the same time, attention should be paid to the absence of a draft.
The room should have a constant temperature, about 18 degrees, and a humidity of 70%. Lighting should not be bright. A 40 watt light bulb is enough. This is due to the fact that in bright light the birds begin to peck at each other.
If these conditions are violated, the bird will start to get sick.
Both an old barn and a garage are suitable for arranging a poultry house. You can grow quails even on the balcony, if it is well insulated and sufficiently soundproofed. (so as not to cause inconvenience to you or your neighbors).
Cages are placed at a slope of 10 - 15 degrees and are equipped with a side for collecting eggs. As soon as the quail lays the egg, it immediately rolls down to the side. This makes it much easier to assemble.
The material for the cage is galvanized or metal mesh, metal sheets, fittings, plywood.
An incubator is also needed, preferably with automatic egg turning. You can purchase a special incubator for quails, or use a chicken one for these purposes, or even assemble it yourself.
Quail is a royal bird. However, today such a luxury is available to almost everyone. The well-known value of this breed of the chicken family lies in the dietary low-allergenic meat and the legendary benefits of quail eggs. Modern conditions allow to breed quails almost in industrial volumes and at affordable prices. Population craze in a healthy way life and proper nutrition - this is the very chance to profitably sell the right and useful product. Familiarize yourself with the theory and move on to the practice of breeding these birds for business. There is no doubt - the benefits are obvious!
business concept
The quail business is young and quite promising. The occupation of these birds involves growing either for meat or for the purpose of breeding eggs. You will need enthusiasm and initial financial investments. But don't let that worry you - the return will please you. Do not doubt the profitability - poultry farmers claim a figure of 200% per year. These are the golden birds.
Before getting to the heart of the matter, consider the pros of the quail business and the possible risks.
Benefits of a quail business:
Business Models
All cultivated species of quail are conditionally divided according to the specifics:
- meat breeds;
- egg breeds.
Breeding birds for meat
Quail meat breeds are popular with poultry farmers. In 2.5–3 months, with proper care, they gain enough mass for slaughter. On average, females gain 330 grams, males - 300 grams. But egg production is rather weak (only 150 eggs per year).
Individuals are taken for fattening from 30 days of age. This group includes males, culled females, specially reared young and birds that have passed the productive stage of egg production.
Famous meat breeds of quails in our country: "Pharaoh", "American albinos", "Texas giants". All of them are more demanding for care and maintenance than quails of egg breeds.
Meat breeds of birds are placed in small cages or aviaries. In order for the birds to gain the right weight for the right time, they will also have to be fed correctly. If proper care and fattening is organized, tender dietary meat in the planned quantity is guaranteed.
Meat quail - video
Raising quails for eggs
Quail begins to lay eggs from 30-40 days. With proper care, one bird gives up to 25 eggs per month. Increased egg production is seen in birds that are kept either at home or on a farm. But when placing birds in nature, egg production is low: up to 100 eggs per year. The weight of one quail egg is 10 grams.
Quail eggs have a fragile shell. Nature itself took care of the weak chicks, making it easier to leave the walls of their first home.
You can wait for high egg production from quails for up to 10 months, after which they grow old and rush much less often. Not always, but they can be carried until they reach 30 months.
Eggs can only be carried by female quails without the participation of a male. In this case, the eggs will be infertile, and do not expect chicks from them.
At home, birds observe a peculiar egg-laying schedule. Almost like work week: 5 days carry, 2 days rest.
They place egg quails in cage batteries, ensuring proper feeding, ventilation, lighting and a comfortable temperature.
The most popular egg breeds are: "Japanese quail", "English black quail", "Estonian quail".
Estonian quail - video
Setting up a business: a profitable plan
With a far-reaching approach to raising quails, you should start with official registration. For the successful sale of goods in large retail chains you will need documents confirming the quality of eggs and carcasses.
Most Suitable economic forms for quail business - LLC or IP.
Forms of business and required documents - table.
If you plan to sell eggs on the market, you will need to obtain a veterinary certificate.
The consumer of quail eggs or meat must be sure of the excellent quality of the product. To exit to big market marketing is not enough to issue a veterinary conclusion. Serious wholesale buyer will ask you for an additional set of documents:
- Certificate of conformity
- Obtaining the original barcode for products
- Acquisition or self-writing specifications(THAT).
When using packaging, a certificate of conformity for this very packaging is useful.
You will have to do microbiological studies of quail eggs, which will be displayed in the corresponding act.
Now you are a thorough seller and you can count on excellent sales.
Farm opening
Room selection
The issue of choosing a room must be approached with responsibility, whether it is rented or own. Clearly compare the possibilities of the premises and the requirements for the care and maintenance of quails.
Here are the space requirements:
- Comfortable temperature inside the room (the norm is 20 ° C, but fluctuations of 18–25 ° C are acceptable).
- Humidity (at the level of 50-60%).
In dry air, quail eat worse, drink a lot of liquid. At the same time, egg production decreases, worsens appearance birds. This condition in quails happens either in the summer in the heat, or with excessive heating in the room. The conclusion is to humidify the air as much as possible (you can place pallets with water on the floor).
- Fresh air. His entry should not be end-to-end. Quails suffer greatly from drafts, and this will first of all result in large-scale baldness of birds. Not only is there no aesthetic appearance, it is also accompanied by a decrease in egg production with the likelihood of a case. According to the scientific approach, 1.5 cubic meters should be supplied in winter. fresh air per 1 kg of birds, and in summer - 5 cubic meters.
- Lighting. There are no clear requirements for the presence of windows. It's even better if they don't. For the productive keeping of birds, daylight hours last 18 hours a day. Lighting is provided by incandescent lamps (40 W) or dim fluorescent lamps.
With round-the-clock lighting, egg production increases by 85%, but females wear out quickly and often require replacement. Bright light causes aggression in birds.
- Sufficient area for placement of quails. For egg breeds, the following ratio is sufficient: 20 birds per 2.2 square meters. area. For meat breeds placement is denser: 30–40 heads per 3.6 sq.m.
Quail equipment (maintenance and care)
bird cages
Quail cages have clear design requirements. Farmers buy ready-made or make their own. The second way is cheaper.
To save space in the room, it is practical to install cellular batteries in several tiers.
The walls of the cells are made of fine-mesh mesh, the frame is made of wooden blocks. Mandatory presence of feeders, drinkers, egg collectors for quail egg breeds.
Only placed in a cage allowable amount birds. Everything that is above the norm or below the norm does not contribute to the productive maintenance of livestock.
If you are preparing to keep a herd of 1.5 thousand heads, then you will need 6 six-tier cage batteries (when placing 45 adult birds in one cage).
The top of the cage is also meshed to prevent bird strikes.
Each farmer can make cages on his own. The drawing of their design is simple, inexpensive Construction Materials: plywood, wooden blocks, metal fine mesh. The cost of one purchased cell battery will cost up to 10 thousand rubles. Here's the benefit.
Bird breeding incubators
It so happened that cultivated female quails have lost the instinct to hatch offspring. It is impossible to breed quail offspring without the help of an incubator.
The choice of an incubator depends primarily on the planned egg capacity. There are household, farm (1-3 thousand eggs) and industrial (up to 50 thousand eggs) on sale.
Proper selection of eggs for incubation is important. Checking each egg with an ovoscope is welcome. It is not necessary to buy such a device, you can make it yourself.
Each egg is important to inspect before laying in the incubator. Here are the main criteria for verification:
- Egg weight (for egg breeds - 10 grams, for meat breeds - 14 grams). Small fluctuations of 1-2 grams are acceptable.
- No cracks, strong roughness.
- Egg color (moderate in variegation and fading).
- Location of the air chamber (the egg is not suitable if the chamber is located on the side of the sharp end of the egg or on the side).
- Number of yolks (one).
- The correct shape of the egg (eggs of non-standard shape are rejected).
Checking quail eggs - video
Buying eggs for incubation
To reproduce the livestock of quails, the farm keeps its own breeding herd. If there is no such herd, then eggs for incubation will have to be bought.
When buying eggs for incubation, it is important to be sure that the seller is honest. Some egg distributors allow in-breeding of females, thereby reducing the egg fertilization rate by up to 40%. Young animals in this case are frail and painful.
Eggs of females older than eight months are used exclusively for food, they are not suitable for incubation.
Eggs older than 7 days should not be placed in the incubator due to the high risk of loss of offspring.
Eggs of meat and barn breeds for laying in an incubator are selected by weight:
- for meat breeds 12-16 grams;
- for egg breeds 9-11 grams.
Eggs must be clean. Otherwise, they should be cleared. Washing is prohibited! You can gently wipe the dirt with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, do not wipe dry, but let it dry.
You should not discount the fact that if the parent stock was not properly maintained, then the offspring will experience all the negative consequences of such care.
In order not to start your business with a bad experience, take care to purchase high-quality incubation material.
pen removal machine
Depending on the volume of poultry farming, an additional feather removal machine is purchased. This device will reduce time costs and greatly simplify manual labor.
Types of drinkers
For only hatched chicks and up to 20 days of age, nipple drinkers are used. The advantages of these drinkers: high speed water delivery, protection against dirt and spillage.
For older birds, special nipple drinkers with a 360-degree rotation angle are suitable. The bird presses the drinker from all sides and receives water.
Vacuum shelves are a plastic bucket with a special ring on it. This ring is the drinker. This species is suitable for outdoor quail keeping.
Microcup drinker. Most often used in automated lines. If a special tongue is in the water, its supply to the drinker stops.
Recruitment
In such a business as raising quails, more than ever, the phrase sounds true: "Cadres decide everything." And if not all, then a lot.
A farm can be created by members of the same family. In this case, family members are one team, and everyone is equally interested in the profitability of the common business. All duties are distributed according to the possibility of their implementation among the members of such a team.
Otherwise, you have to hire staff to care for the bird, especially if the farm has more than one thousand heads. You will need services:
- Bird care workers. One worker may well look after 1 thousand birds.
It is important that the workers are balanced people and treat quails with warmth. When caring for birds, you have to be extremely attentive to the manifestation of any changes in the poultry house, to respond in time to negative factors. The worker will have to use all the senses in order to notice changes in the characteristics of the life of birds: smell, hearing, sight, touch.
- A manager who will try to sell all the products of your poultry farm.
- Accountant. In the process of doing economic activity there are many questions with customers and government authorities, which are best left to a specialist.
And, in general, approach the choice of frames carefully, because it depends on them how far your ship will sail.
Buying birds
If you decide to buy a bird, and not eggs for incubation, then you should contact the quail farm. You can not only personally communicate with quail sellers, but also collect necessary information about their integrity. According to the experience of experienced poultry farmers, you should not blindly trust the seller in selecting birds for your farm. If you do not understand young quails, then it is better to take someone more experienced to help.
The selection of quails for purchase is done as follows:
- A bird is selected that has laid at least one egg (50 days from birth). The presence of egg production is the first sign that you have a female quail in front of you;
- Pay attention to the legs of quails. They should shine, be free of growths and corns;
- if you are examining a female, pay attention to the oviduct (it should not fall out);
- in young birds, the feather is smooth, shiny, without bald spots;
- healthy bird activity.
Be sure to ask the seller for advice on how to handle the bird. A caring poultry breeder will definitely help you.
Quail Care
Proper quail care includes the following work:
- Periodically (as far as severe contamination) all cell batteries must be thoroughly washed from stubborn dirt. To do this, the cells are either soaked in water or a special solution is applied to soak the dirt. Then all the dirt is washed off with a stream of water with strong pressure.
- All drinkers, feeders, water supply systems for drinking bowls are disinfected and thoroughly washed (1 time per month).
- Sanitization of the locations of cell batteries is carried out (1 time per month).
- Every day it is worth cleaning the cage trays from droppings, crushed eggs.
- Do a general house cleaning once a week.
- Disinfection of cages and incubators is allowed to be carried out using a quartz lamp.
Quail feeding
Complete feeding is the key to the rapid development of birds. Do not try to save money on feeding quails, this is a bad idea. In a short time, such optimization leads only to irreparable losses.
The feed must contain all the necessary components for the growth and development of birds. A novice farmer is quite capable of preparing it on his own.
First, let's talk about ready-made food. They are considered balanced and save you time.
The purchased feed consists of half grains, and the rest is additives, taking into account the age of the livestock.
Strictly adhere to the feeding rate for 1 individual according to the instructions for the feed. Underfeeding and overfeeding are highly undesirable.
Ready-made feed for early ages in the first days of life should be soaked with water.
Examples of feed for early ages and their composition - table.
Examples of compound feed for adults and their composition - table.
You can make your own bird food. It will not differ in any way from the purchased one in terms of usefulness and value, and even surpass it. Quails are picky in food, but in any case, the value of food should not be lost.
So, for self-prepared feed for young animals (from 0 to 30 days) you will need:
- 770 gr wheat;
- 300 gr corn kernels;
- 75 gr barley.
Mix and crush the grain!
- 1/3 teaspoon vegetable oil;
- 1/3 teaspoon bone meal.
- 1/3 teaspoon salt and ALL MIX.
This amount of the mixture is enough to feed one quail for 1 month. When calculating the feed per bird, it is required to multiply each component of the mixture by the number of birds.
To prepare food for adult quails, you will need to mix:
- 770 gr corn kernels (thoroughly dried);
- 300 gr wheat;
- 75 gr dry peas.
Shatter everything!
- 1/2 teaspoon vegetable oil;
- 2/3 tablespoon of table salt;
- 2/3 tablespoon of chalk;
- 2/3 tablespoon of crushed shells.
Mix the mixture thoroughly. The resulting mass is enough to feed one adult for one month. Multiply these figures by the number of birds.
You can feed not only 100% ready-made food, but also add supplements to the food yourself. For very small chicks - up to 10 days old - you can add chopped grass, low-fat cottage cheese (knead well), yogurt, an egg.
Young animals are allowed to eat up to 5-6 times a day, older birds 2-3 times.
Weekly quails eat 3-4 grams of feed per day, at the age of one month 15-25 grams. Males eat less food than females.
Young Animal Care - Video
Quail development cycle from birth to a month - video
Sales preparation
Bird slaughter
Before slaughtering quails, you should not feed for 5 hours. But give plenty to drink.
For convenience, it is best to use an automated line to give the slaughtered bird a marketable appearance. In the process of passing through such a line, the bird is decapitated in a certain neck area, bled, and heat treated (55 degrees). Further, limbs are cut off on a special machine.
The plumage is removed from the carcasses in a special centrifugal-type feathering machine (the plumage is removed up to 97%).
Chilled carcasses are stored at a temperature of 0 - +4 degrees Celsius for up to 4 days, after which they are frozen. So that they do not stick together, each can be wrapped with parchment. Frozen carcasses are stored at -18 to three months. At the same time, they do not lose their taste properties.
Egg collection
Freshly laid quail eggs are carefully collected in convenient containers (plastic, cardboard) of 10, 12, 14 pieces. Eggs in a plastic container should "breathe" freely. There must be partitions between each egg. Eggs are laid blunt end up.
The collected eggs are stored at a temperature of +2 - +10 for up to 25 days.
Growing quails at home
The smell from the bird is quite sharp, so you should take care of the timely replacement of the bedding (paper, clean sand).
If you intend to grow quails at home profitably, then we will talk about cages suitable for farming.
You can place cages in outbuildings. Walls and floors are whitewashed with quicklime to kill potentially dangerous microbes.
You can use a cellular battery to save floor space. Indoor conditions are similar to those of a farm (temperature, humidity, feed fixtures). Quails are fed by analogy with farming.
It is permissible to keep quails in the home room, on the balcony of the apartment, while creating suitable conditions (sound insulation, thermal insulation, no harsh noise, dim light, no direct sunlight).
A livestock of 1 thousand birds may well be looked after by 1 person. You can raise poultry at home for eggs and meat.
Now consider an example of the economic benefits of breeding quails at home.
You can breed overfishing for eggs and meat. We make cages, feeders, drinkers on our own - it's more profitable. At first you will try yourself in this business at no additional cost, and with the first profit, you may want to improve everything.
You choose which quails of what age you want to buy. You can buy birds of different ages so that one species already lays eggs and begins to pay for your project. Broiler quails will give you the opportunity to eat environmentally friendly dietary meat, as well as provide relatives, friends, neighbors with such a valuable product (of course, with benefits).
To accommodate 100 quails, you will have to allocate 0.5 square meters. m. of floor space (using a cellular battery of 2-3 tiers).
Initial expenses - table.
Monthly expenses - table.
Monthly income, taking into account the fact that the entire population is egg-bearing - a table.
Net profit per month will be 1790 rubles from 100 birds. The optimal number of quails in cramped conditions (apartment) 500 - 1 thousand heads.
And for a private farmstead, the scope of the case can be done much more - up to 2.5 thousand quails.
It is unlikely that you will become a large breeder with such a population of birds, but you will earn a comfortable life.
Sales of products
The farm should establish regular sales of quail eggs for a number of reasons. This product is perishable and requires special storage and transportation conditions.
Well-established sales are a guarantee of your prosperity.
Here are some ways to market products you can take into account:
- Sale on the market in a specially designated place. Long-term lease is possible for the subsequent recognition of your products in the market.
- Sales of eggs through a store, retail chains (possibly in bulk).
- Opening your own website, where you can not only talk about your products, but also find a real wholesale buyer.
- Selling directly from the poultry farm.
- Contract for the supply of quality products to restaurants, cafes, canteens.
If you are an amateur poultry farmer, then sales can be organized in the same market, through friends and acquaintances. You will need a veterinary certificate for the products.
advertising question
- Internet (sites of free/paid ads);
- newspapers (ads, advertising modules, articles about your poultry farm);
- rental of banners in passage places;
- distribution / mailboxes of information leaflets;
- creating your own website with the maximum useful information about your products;
- informing through social networks;
- leave your notes and comments on the forums;
- Word of mouth is a win-win.
A small farm allows you to keep quails almost at home. Don't forget to emphasize this in your ad!
Costs and income. Profitability calculation
Let's consider an example of expenses and incomes when keeping 1 thousand heads of quails.
One-time costs - table
Monthly expenses - table.
Monthly income - table.
We begin to receive profit from the end of the first month.
The daily income with the maximum allowance for all costs is 1250 rubles, and this is taking into account the hired worker for the livestock of 1 thousand birds. Such work can be done independently, then the profit, respectively, will be higher. But to develop your own business, you will have to devote a lot of time to advertising and organizational issues (renting trading places, searching for consumers, concluding supply contracts).
The quail business is quickly paid back, profitability (taking into account the payback of all costs) for 1 year will be 130%.
It is logical that with an increase in livestock, with a competent approach, profits will increase in proportion.
Quail breeding in countryside can be in a good way family income. Unpretentious birds feel great in different climatic zones. They continue to lay eggs and breed under the most normal conditions. A competent approach and knowledge of the intricacies of the quail breeding business guarantees a stable income.
The activity of growing quails has a number of advantages. The meat of these birds has excellent taste qualities, which are appreciated by consumers. Positive feedback about useful properties quail eggs confirms the high demand.
Females start laying early, at the age of 1–2 months, and retain their productivity for up to one year. After the end of this period, one-year-old birds are sold for meat. Short the production cycle allows you to get the first earnings quickly enough.
Conditions for rearing birds
Small quails do not require a wide breeding area. The necessary conditions for keeping 30 heads of birds:
- A clean, ventilated area of 5-10 square meters. meters;
- Air temperature 18–22 degrees C;
- Proper diet.
The first step to start a quail business is to buy special cages. The size of such cells is from 0.8 to 1 meter in width, and about 30 cm in height. This area can accommodate from 50 to 80 individuals. To save space, it is recommended to create tiers of 4 cages, which will allow you to keep up to 320 heads per square meter.
Cell batteries should be designed in such a way that it is convenient to care for birds, remove droppings and maintain cleanliness. In addition, they must be equipped with drinkers and feeders.
Breeding quails at home involves the purchase additional equipment. In an artificial environment, females lose their ability to incubate eggs, so an incubator is required for the appearance of young. The cost of its acquisition depends on the capacity and functional features. On average, the cost is from 3 to 7 thousand rubles. Professional incubators with a capacity of up to 3000 eggs will cost the owner of the farm about 80 thousand rubles.
After the quails hatch, they are moved to a special closet - a brooder, where the necessary temperature and light are maintained.
Particular attention should be paid to the illumination in the room where the birds will be kept. Installed in 
Room light bulbs should be at least 35 lux. Additionally, 20 lux lamps are mounted above the feed trays. Exceeding the brightness of the light will cause the birds to show aggression.
Breeding quail as a business involves intensive manual labor. One person can serve up to 600 heads daily.
Before deciding whether it is profitable or not to keep quails, you need to calculate the cost of feed. Ready-made mixtures are sold in stores that are used to feed chickens, but it would be more economical to make your own mixture from cereals:
- Wheat from 25 to 30%;
- Corn 25%;
- Barley and grain of other crops 5% each;
- Food additives up to 5%.
For each age, birds require different portions:
Starting a home business, the owner must know which breeds of quail are the most profitable to breed. Some species are not suitable as a source of income, and are decorative. The main breeds that are used for breeding:
- Japanese quail;
- Pharaoh;
- Estonian quail;
- French breed.
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Quail breeding business plan
Calculations for opening a quail business for 600 individuals will be approximately as follows:
- Leased premises area 20 sq.m. 12-15 thousand rubles (this item of expenditure is removed, if any own premises in homesteading);
- Purchase of young quails 20–25 thousand;
- Purchase of equipment (cages, incubator, brooder) 30 thousand rubles;
- The cost of food is 3-5 thousand rubles.
Start-up capital, which will be required at the initial stage, will amount to 65-75 thousand rubles.
Monthly maintenance costs household are made up of utilities, transportation of finished products, purchase of feed. Average amount fixed costs comes out to about 15,000 rubles.
Profitability will help determine whether it is profitable to keep a quail farm. In order to correctly assess the profitability, it is necessary to divide the proceeds into three options for the sale of products: eggs, meat, live poultry.
Revenue from the sale of eggs
The average female can bring an average of 20 eggs per month. Some of them should be postponed for 
increase in bird heads, about 1/3. The cost of a quail egg on the market is 5 rubles. The ratio of females and males on a farm of 600 individuals is 50% to 50%. Every month, one female eats 900 grams of grain worth 20 rubles.
- Income amount: 300 females * 20 eggs * 5 rubles = 30,000
- Feed costs: 300 females * 20 rubles = 6000
Sale of meat
The average weight of a quail carcass is 250 grams. The average cost of quail meat on the market is 100 rubles. Up to 100 carcasses are sold monthly.
100 rubles * 100 pieces = 10000
Sale of live poultry
Additional income can be brought by the sale of young or grown quails. The cost of one bird is 80 rubles, up to 50 heads can be sold monthly.
50 birds*80 rubles=4000
Profit and payback
Financial calculations show how much you can earn from the quail business. The proceeds from the sale of eggs, meat and live poultry will amount to 44,000 rubles. The amount of fixed maintenance costs is 15,000 rubles. Thus, earnings per month from 600 heads will be 29,000 rubles. The return on investment will occur within 3-4 months.
659In the context of the economic crisis and the high cost of "entry" into existing business niches, one of the promising areas for organizing your own business is the quail business. This type of activity has a number of undeniable advantages that allow you to achieve a stable profit within a few months:
small amount of start-up capital;
quick payback;
ease of care for the bird;
minimum area of industrial premises;
low cost necessary equipment;
high consumer qualities of products;
low level of competition.
The disadvantages of quail breeding as a business include:
relative novelty of products for Russian market;
the need for regular care and feeding;
increased labor costs when harvesting meat for relatively larger poultry.
Production of quail eggs in Russian Federation does not exceed 400,000 pieces per day, while in Japan with a comparable population, the daily sale of quail eggs rarely falls below 7,000,000. For most regions, quail remains an exotic curiosity and preference is given to traditional chicken.
The Russian consumer is just beginning to get used to the presence of quail eggs and meat on store shelves and in the menu of enterprises. Catering. This opens up impressive prospects for quail farming as a business, as neighboring countries show a steady increase in interest from buyers.
Material and production base of poultry breeding
You should not immediately equip a large poultry farm to make sure that the quail business is profitable. It is enough for a beginner poultry breeder to acquire a herd of up to 500 birds. Quails reach egg-laying age very quickly, 5 to 8 weeks from birth. A herd of 500-600 heads is easily serviced by one person with daily employment of no more than 3-4 hours.
Own business - what you need to breed quail
A small area is required to start a quail business, as the birds are as compact as possible. On one meter, when placing cages in several levels, up to 300 heads can be contained. For keeping, it is recommended to use a separate room with an area of about 20 m², in which it will be convenient to care for the livestock, store and produce feed mixtures.
The set of initial equipment will consist of cage batteries, containers for storing feed and eggs, equipment for cutting carcasses. A business plan for breeding quails should include an incubator for breeding chicks and a special container for young animals (brooder).
Business plan: what is how much
The cost of individual equipment and breeding birds may vary depending on the specific region and seasonality. The size initial investment depends on whether cages and special containers are purchased in ready-made or make your own. Registration may be an additional expense. legal entity and renting premises in the absence of own space.
Based on the size of the herd of 500 heads, corresponding to the business plan for breeding quails at home, the material costs at the initial stage of organizing a quail business will be:
cell battery - 8-12 thousand rubles. (at the same time, the cost of the material is 2-3 thousand rubles);
purchase of quail livestock - 20 thousand rubles. (the cost of quails for breeding is 40 rubles per chick);
food (for the first time) - about 3 thousand rubles;
small-sized incubator - from 7 to 12 thousand rubles;
brooder for young animals - from 3,500 rubles.
If you have the necessary skills and free time, cages for adults and a brooder can be made independently, which will significantly reduce the initial costs.
A business plan for breeding quails should take into account the costs of lighting and maintaining the desired temperature, depending on the time of year and electricity tariffs. For more effective plucking of slaughtered birds, it is recommended to purchase a special centrifuge, since manual processing of small carcasses can be extremely inconvenient.
Income and basic expenses in the manufacture of products
One laying hen, starting from 2 months of age, brings 250-300 eggs per year. After reaching the age of 8-12 months, the productivity of quails decreases and it is recommended to start them up for meat. When slaughtered, one quail carcass gives 200-350 g, depending on the breed.
The profitability of a business is determined by the cost of products and the speed of sales. It is realistic to sell quail eggs at a price of 1.5-2 rubles. per piece, meat - 60-90 rubles. for the carcass. The slaughter of birds can be started from 8-10 weeks, when their growth ends. Meat breeds reach optimal eviscerated weight at 6 weeks.
It is advisable to evaluate the profitability from the 5th month from the date of purchase of the first livestock. By this time, laying hens reach stable productivity, and extra males can be sold for meat. When using an incubator, the poultry population can be increased several times, therefore, for the convenience of calculations, a business plan is used for quail with a herd of 1000 laying hens and 200-250 males.
A thousand quails lay about 300,000 eggs a year. In addition, you can additionally get at least 4,000 meat carcasses for meat with full reproduction of the productive population. Based on this, it is possible to calculate the approximate revenue from the industrial breeding of quails with the timely sale of poultry farm products:
egg - 450-600 thousand rubles;
meat - 240-360 thousand rubles;
total: 690-960 thousand rubles a year.
Separate income items can be:
sale of breeding birds over 1 month old;
sale of bird droppings as a highly effective nitrogen-containing fertilizer;
independent production of cages, drinkers and feeders with their subsequent sale.
From the amount of revenue, it is required to deduct various payments as taxes and fees, subject to the registration of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur(if we regard quail breeding as a business focused on the wholesale sale of products).
The main obligatory expenses that affect the profitability of the quail business will be to pay for:
poultry feed - 144 thousand rubles;
heating and light - about 25 thousand rubles.
Care for a herd of layers of 1000 heads can be carried out by 2 people with part-time employment. With such a volume of production, it is advisable to use the family business model, when profit and salary, in fact, represent the same thing. Outsourcing work force is included in the business plan for quail breeding when it becomes justified: with an increase in livestock to 5,000 layers or more, the availability of reliable sales channels for products.
Quail breeding - livestock reproduction technology
Quails are unpretentious, capable of the most compact content. It may seem that poultry breeding on an industrial scale is possible even on the balcony of an apartment using boxes, cardboard boxes. This approach is justified only when growing quail as home business mostly for personal use. Too small a mini-farm area will be physically inconvenient to care for several hundred heads, and excludes the possibility of expanding the quail business at home.
Growing and feeding
Stable productivity of quail livestock requires certain conditions of detention and regular monitoring of the state of the bird. Any farm requires constant human control without days off and holidays. The quail poultry farm as a business requires care, which consists of the following:
maintaining the optimal level of lighting, humidity and air temperature;
creation of conditions for maintenance and reproduction;
providing adequate nutrition and the availability of clean water;
inspection of livestock, culling of birds with suspected disease or aggressive behavior;
timely cleaning of cells;
collection of eggs and slaughter of birds.
With a herd size of 500-600 individuals, the quail business requires 2-4 hours a day to care for, which one person can do very well. For a herd of 1-2 thousand birds, the efforts of two people will be required, for 5 thousand - three or more.
room
A suitable room is where to start a quail business. Quails are kept under moderate illumination of 20-30 lux, which is fully provided by incandescent lamps with a power of 40 watts. With more intense lighting, the birds behave aggressively, and begin to peck at each other. Light day should last 16-18 hours. Humidity in the room should be at least 65%; in dry air, quails begin to peck out their feathers.
The temperature regime is maintained in the range from 18 to 24 ° C, special attention should be paid to the exclusion of drafts. More resistant to diseases than other poultry, quails are extremely sensitive to air currents with high temperature differences.
cages for keeping
One square meter of cage space can accommodate 50-100 individuals, usually multi-tiered batteries are used. The number of floors depends on the ease of care. As a material for the cage, a profile, galvanized mesh and metal sheets are used. Wood materials are inconvenient to clean and they quickly become unusable, contributing to the reproduction of harmful microorganisms.
The height of the cages should not exceed 30 cm so that the bird does not jump, injuring its neck and head. The floor of the cage is made with a slope so that the laid eggs roll into a special chute. Devices for food and water are placed outside.
Feed
Finding ready-made feed intended only for quails is quite difficult. Usually, the feed manufacturer indicates this type of bird when selling universal mixtures. To create the optimal ratio of nutrients and useful trace elements, you can make food for quail. The business plan will only benefit from this.
The production of feed requires crushed grain of wheat, barley and corn, so it is advisable to purchase a special crusher. It is better to buy grain in advance at farmers' markets at the time of harvest.
In addition to grain, feed mixtures should contain a source of calcium: bone or fish meal, crushed shells, shells. Fine gravel and sand are thrown into the feeders, which are necessary for the digestion of the bird. The taste of products and the profitability of breeding quail laying hens for eggs as a business depend on the feed. The composition of the feed can be changed depending on the age category.
For birds 1 to 4 weeks old (as a percentage of the total weight of the mixture):
- wheat - 9.6;
- barley - 7;
- corn - 40;
- bone flour – 3;
- fishmeal - 5;
- soybean meal - 30;
- dry reverse - 3;
- salt - 0.4;
- herbal flour - 1.
For 5-6 weeks of age:
- wheat - 25;
- barley - 7;
- corn - 40.5;
- bone meal - 3;
- fishmeal - 5;
- sunflower meal - 9;
- dry reverse - 3;
- crushed chalk, ground shell - 1;
- salt - 0.5;
- herbal flour - 1
- wheat bran - 5.
For birds from 7 weeks old, including carriers:
- wheat - 15;
- barley - 7;
- corn - 40;
- sunflower meal - 10;
- soybean meal - 10;
- wheat bran - 5;
- fishmeal - 5;
- crushed chalk, ground shell - 1;
- bone meal - 4;
- herbal flour - 2.4;
- salt - 0.6.
In order to enrich the feed with biologically active substances, special premixes (P1-1, P5-1, P6-1) can be added at a rate of 1:100.
Rearing of young animals
With a compact content in females, the instinct to incubate eggs atrophies, therefore, an incubator must be used to hatch new chicks. For fertilization, males are planted in the cages at the rate of 2-5 pieces per 10 females. The age of the birds most suitable for breeding is 2-7 months.
Before being placed in the incubator, eggs with visible damage, non-standard shapes, sizes and colors are rejected. It is recommended to check the contents of the eggs with an ovoscope in order to select specimens with a double yolk, cloudy contents and other defects.
The incubator must maintain a certain temperature and humidity level:
12 days - 37.7 ° C and 55-60%;
from 12 to 15 days inclusive - 37.2 ° C and 55%;
from the 16th day - 37°С and 70%.
On the first day, the brood should be carefully protected from drafts. The temperature in a special container (cage-brooder) should be maintained within 35-37°C during the first week. Then the temperature gradually decreases to 30-32°C during the second week and to 24-26°C during the third. After the young can be planted in cages with adults.
Breeding quails for meat or eggs which business to choose?
There are breeds specifically designed for both breeding for meat and for increased egg production. Paradoxically, it is not always advisable to breed only meat breeds.
This applies to the sale of carcasses to catering establishments. A standard portion with poultry meat rarely exceeds 200 g, while the weight of a quail meat carcass is 300 g. It is unprofitable for a restaurant or cafe to butcher a carcass, so they are more willing to buy meat from smaller egg-bearing breeds.
Breeding meat breeds is economically profitable with established sales to retail chains or poultry farms that want to expand the range of products without changing production technology. In these cases, the profit from the sale of quail meat will be much lower, because the buyer has to take into account his profit margins from subsequent resale.
The most rational is the breeding of not very small egg-bearing breeds and making efforts to sell both eggs and quail meat. The business, in any case, is that laying hens give eggs, and the bird has to be slaughtered at the age of up to 1 year, and the resulting eggs and meat need to be put somewhere.
Sales of finished products
Any production is constantly faced with the problem of selling products. There is no doubt about the ability of quails to consistently produce eggs and meat, but it may take quite a long time to find a market in modern Russian realities.
Leaders farms, who have already achieved significant results in breeding quails, are advised to start with word of mouth.
At the initial stages of implementing a business plan, you should try to offer quail eggs and meat to your friends and relatives. From them, information can go further, subject to the appointment of a favorable price for buyers. This distribution channel can not be considered truly reliable, but will help to make a profit while working with other potential buyers, such as wholesale and retail chains and restaurants.
You should not seriously rely on small stores that do not have a developed network. Low purchasing power and insufficient traffic of buyers will not allow reaching any significant volumes. In this case, you will need to spend your own funds on shipping and packaging products.
When promoting products in retail chains and catering companies should communicate obvious benefits to the potential buyer. 100 g of quail eggs, with comparable amounts of useful trace elements, proteins and fats, contains half as many carbohydrates and several times less cholesterol. This makes quail breeding products more useful and suitable for dietary nutrition. In addition, the valuable properties of quail eggs allow you to remove radionuclides from the human body.
Sale of quail meat and eggs to poultry farms
Establishing links with major suppliers of farm products in the region can be considered reliable enough. In this case, you will have to give up part of the profit, but the farm will be relieved of the need to obtain most of the permits. In addition, wholesalers free you from having to worry about distribution channels.
Large poultry producers, as a rule, are interested in expanding their own range for their counterparties, but often do not have the opportunity to create an additional production chain. When working with wholesalers who take on work with the end consumer, it is necessary to constantly maintain stable supplies in the required volumes.
