The first trading or vending machines appeared in the world in the early 80s of the last century. Such systems differed in that they were fully automated. For the settlement of buyers, the presence of the seller was not required.
Later, such automated boxes with built-in systems for various types of products began to spread around the world. Now in almost all countries and cities you can find a similar automated device for various purposes.
What is its popularity and benefit? Entrepreneurs who are engaged in the vending business have appreciated such machines in terms of the cost part. The equipment itself is quite compact and can be easily placed on a few square meters.
Another important property is that vending trade is carried out completely automatically. This means that you do not need to spend money on official registration and deductions. wages sellers.
General characteristics of the business
Vending trade, what is it? As mentioned above. It's completely automated system sale of certain items of goods. With the development of robotics, more and more new models of devices appear here, allowing the use of trading technologies everywhere.
Russia is one of the profitable countries where the vending trade brings significant income. Over the past year alone, the total profit of more than 30,000 such systems installed throughout the country brought about 10 billion US dollars.
The figure is quite large, given the fact that the cost of 1 machine is modest by business standards, and the costly part for maintenance costs a penny. Therefore, many entrepreneurs install several vending systems at once to increase part of the profit.
Such machines can be placed both on the streets and indoors. The main thing that the business is designed for is the traffic of people, the demand for products that are placed in the installed machine.
With the right location and selection of products, reaching a net profit can be quite fast. As noted by the entrepreneurs themselves. Vending machines are great for beginner businessmen. Same for the more experienced.
There is always an opportunity to purchase used devices or economy class models at the lowest prices. And as you know, when starting a business, the lower the cost part, the faster the payback and net profit will be.
What areas of activity does the vending business affect?
Vending trade releases new items on the availability of equipment models every year. On the Russian market presented in a large assortment of both imported and domestic models. In total, this type of business can be divided into 3 profitable areas:
- services. This category of machines can shine shoes or give a light massage in a special chair. Complete autonomy and the ability to select different modes make such devices universal in use;
- food and drink. One of the most common and popular groups of slot machines on the market today. The demand for such products is quite high. Every day, in crowded places, a large amount of food, hot and cold drinks are consumed;
- general use products. Also in high demand for open areas and in various thematic areas.
As can be seen from the spheres, such a business brings significant income. The main thing that is required from the entrepreneur is to choose the right place. The whole policy of running a vending business is based on attracting as many people as possible to use the installed machine.
Therefore, before buying equipment, you should study your market and mark the places where certain products will have an increased and constant demand.
Advantages
One of the main advantages of vending trade is new items in the assortment and in the machines themselves. A wide selection allows you to choose a suitable device for a specific place and install it in a matter of hours.
Compactness is a strong point of all models of vending systems. As you know, in many shopping centers and other public buildings, the rental price is quite high. The equipment itself does not require a little space for placement. Enough 1-2 square meters.
The cost of equipment and maintenance is not significant. At the start, you can also purchase used models. High quality components, and a simple system of work do not wear out much, and even supported machines function perfectly for a long time.
Full autonomy is also an advantage. After connecting to the mains, the machine will carry out the established actions according to the set algorithm. It is possible to track them remotely through special applications.
Do we pay off vending business?
In the vending trade, the most profitable vending machines are those that provide food and drinks. The compact dimensions make it possible to install such equipment in offices, educational institutions as well as in hospitals.
Metro stations are also in high demand to host such systems. When purchasing new equipment designed for large volume units of production, for example, up to 100 pieces, the payback will be approximately 8-12 months.
The profitability of the vending machine is approximately 500%. This means that it will pay off about 30 times during its operation. Not many areas of business can boast of such indicators. In order to understand what will be the profit from one machine, it is necessary to calculate the traffic of people.
If a room is visited by 1000 people a day, where a vending coffee machine is installed, and about 5-10 percent drink coffee, then the device will be used about 50-100 times a day, or an average of 85 times.
The average cost of 1 cup of coffee in the machine is 30 rubles. It turns out that the machine will receive about 2500 rubles from the sale of the drink per day. In a month, this sum will be equal to 75,000 rubles.
In a year, 1 coffee machine will generate an income equal to 900 thousand rubles. After all expenses, net profit will be at the level of 650-750 thousand rubles.
Our company offers a wide range of vending equipment in various fields. You can profitably purchase both new vending machines and used machines from us. We also provide equipment maintenance, delivery to the site and connection to all necessary communications.
Vending machines are modern way the sale of goods through a small device operating in automatic mode, without the direct participation of the seller.
Such a business is a great option for those who have just decided to start their own business, as it does not require large expenses, both financial and energy. And you don't need any special knowledge or skills either.
Existing types of vending machines and their cost
Today, vending is one of the most innovative and creative types of business.
You can sell almost anything - in most cases, the possibilities are limited only by the imagination of the entrepreneur. Unfortunately, at present, Russians have to be content with only a small part of the immeasurable variety of vending machines that are presented around the world.
For example, in Japan, it is quite common for machines to pay for services by scanning fingerprints, selling rice and other goods, some devices can automatically detect the age and gender of a person in order to offer appropriate products. Widespread in European countries outlets, which serve oxygen cocktails and freshly squeezed juices in a matter of seconds. Well, what is our country famous for, what is customary for Russian citizens?
Vending machines for coffee and other hot drinks
Perhaps the most popular in Russia are devices that sell coffee and other hot drinks. They are the most different types- street and those that are intended for indoors, selling natural and instant coffee, installed on the floor or showcase.
The volume is also different - some sell a small number of cups with a drink - about 200, others much more - about 700. Some coffee machines even accept plastic cards as payment. Such machines are the most budget option. Their cost varies between 100 - 150 thousand rubles.
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snack machines
No less widely distributed in our country are vending machines for the sale of chocolate, mineral water, coca-cola and other drinks.
Goods receipt to the consumer in a variety of ways. One of them is through the bottom tray. A person chooses a snack or drink that has become accustomed to him, clicks on the scoreboard and it falls down. Therefore, only those snacks that do not break when dropped, such as chips, crackers or cookies, are available for sale in such devices.
For the sale of fragile goods, there are devices, the issuance of which is carried out lift and drum method. In this case, the buyer takes the goods directly from the shelf and therefore the entrepreneur has the opportunity to sell literally anything - salads, sandwiches and much, much more. As mentioned earlier, everything depends only on the imagination of a businessman. On the windows of vending machines of this type, you can often find light bulbs, perfumes, and all kinds of souvenirs.
The cost of one snack machine is slightly higher compared to a coffee vending machine - about 220 thousand rubles.
Vending machines for soda, juices and cocktails
Over the past century, soda and kvass vending machines were widely distributed in the USSR. This is purely our imagination. Over time, these outlets have improved and began to sell a wider range of drinks - fresh juices, milkshakes and fortified cocktails.
Sale of non-food products
In this case, the scope for the imagination of an entrepreneur is literally unlimited - you can start selling toys, dietary supplements, non-fragile perfumes and cosmetics, and much more.
There are also machines designed for a specific product - for example, fresh flowers. To preserve the presentable appearance of products, such devices are additionally equipped with refrigerating chambers.
Mini version of vending machines
This includes outlets selling stationery, shoe covers, small toys, balls or chewing gum. Such devices work cleanly mechanically and have a small size, so that they can be placed literally on any showcase of any store.
One of the main advantages of the mini version of vending machines is the low price. It will take about 50 thousand rubles to purchase one device.
Service vending machines
Quite widely on the territory of Russia, vending machines are also widespread, providing all kinds of small public services- for example, payment for services mobile communications, shoe shine, copying documents, recharging gadgets. Also, there are often devices that take a photo in a matter of seconds and determine the weight of a person. It will take about 220 thousand rubles to purchase vending machines of this type.
entertainment sphere
Amusement devices are very popular with children. These include all kinds of strength meters, rocking chairs, table tennis and hockey. It is best to install such vending machines in crowded places - for example, in shopping centers.
The price of an entertainment device is about 350 - 400 rubles.
Innovation in this area
Listed below are the latest novelties of vending machines, which are representatives of the world, inventors from all countries.
Modern alternative to beauty salons
From now on do manicure as simple as drinking a cup of coffee - the whole process will not take more than two minutes from the fair sex.
According to the creators of this vending machine, it was not at all difficult to do this. It turned out to be much more difficult for a woman to choose what she likes from the huge range of options presented. The process of processing and decorating the nail is carried out using the usual means. The inventors hope that their project will become more popular over time and will be able to save the lion's share of the time that modern man limited. The cost of such a machine is more than $ 4,000.
Very soon, a wide range of people will be presented with the project of Alexei Shugalko - a vending machine for creation alcoholic beverages . The volume of investments exceeds 1 million dollars. The funds went mainly to software devices. It is worth noting that the prototypes of such machines have already been installed in some entertainment venues and have managed to prove themselves from the favorable side.
grain vending machine
In the US state of Mississippi, a deer corn vending machine was recently introduced. The device can also sell other bulk products - for example, salt. In the device both cash and non-cash payments are carried out.
A brief video review of new vending machines:
Relevance and benefits of starting a vending machine business
According to experts, vending machines selling coffee and other hot drinks are the most popular today. The implementation of all kinds of snack products is somewhat more complicated, since it is often difficult to find a suitable place to place the device. Obtaining permission to install in higher education institutions is usually not difficult. However, in such places there is a serious competitor - canteens and buffets.
If luck smiles at the entrepreneur and he manages to get consent to place the device in public institutions, for example, in the traffic police department, or large office space, then you don’t have to worry about profits - the flow of customers in such places will not dry up.
Main problem in the vending business - obtaining a permit. Here you can go in several ways. The first is to pay for electricity and give from above a certain amount. This approach is usually only possible with small vending machines. If the turnover is relatively higher, then the businessman can agree on a part of the profit - for example, 10% or a fixed fee.
Separately, it should be said about the following point. Vending machines are automatic devices that from time to time may to malfunction and cause anger and dissatisfaction among visitors to the institution. With the frequent occurrence of such incidents, the entrepreneur has a high chance of flying out into the street with his device. After all, not a single person wants to constantly listen to the cries of people who did not manage to get the due product or change from the machine. Based on the foregoing, regular performance checks and correction of shortcomings are the basis of success.
Among key business benefits based on vending machines, it can be noted:
- No need to purchase or rent a retail space.
- The number of people required to open a business is minimal.
A short business plan for starting such a business
The first thing to do to open such a business is to register it. The best way to do this is to assign yourself the status (IP) in the manner prescribed by law and. In this case, a single tax is best suited.
The best place to install a vending machine, as practice shows, - shopping centers. In such places, people are ready to make an impulse purchase, for example, to drink a cup of coffee or buy a toy for a child. Flow potential clients here it is much higher than in government institutions or company offices, so with the right approach, you can reach a fairly decent level of income.
The following video will help you organize the sale business using vending machines correctly:
For the successful conduct of such a business, all devices are necessary service regularly. Some of them require only loading of goods and cleaning, others require checking and adjusting equipment (for example, flower vending machines). To do this, one or two people are enough, who from time to time, according to a clearly established schedule, will go to the place to load the machine and check its performance. Consequently, personnel costs in this case are minimal.
Special attention should be paid to expenses.
To install such a device and successfully conduct business necessary:
- Buy your own machine. Its cost varies from 1000 to 6000 euros.
- Pay for the services of a specialist in the technical inspection of equipment.
- Prepare the necessary goods.
- Run an advertising campaign.
- Get the entire list of permits - the conclusions of the sanitary and epidemiological station and the fire inspection.
- Pay tax.
- Leave some cash for unexpected expenses.
Thus, with a competent approach, it can bring a considerable income. The main thing is to make a good one and think through all the smallest details of the project, to implement the right one. Despite the high cost of each device, all costs are paid off in a few months, and the profit is many times greater than was originally invested in opening a business.
Today, such a business is one of the most profitable - with a minimum investment of effort and money, you can reach a decent level of income a couple of months after opening. The maximum payback period, as a rule, is no more than six months.
Hello! Today we will talk about the vending business.
From this article you will learn:
- What is vending;
- How to start a vending business;
- Legal aspects of vending business;
- What are the types of vending machines and how to choose the right machine;
- Reviews and recommendations of entrepreneurs in the vending business.
What is vending and vending business
Vending — is the sale of goods and the provision of services through vending machines. Vending has become very common in the world as a very convenient and not at all demanding way to conduct business. trading activity or provide services.
Surely you at least once bought coffee from vending machines or paid for any services in the form of replenishing the balance on your phone or home internet. These are the vending machines.
In the modern world, the leaders in the number of vending machines are Japan and the United States. Approximately 30-60 people per 1 vending machine. In Russia it is not so developed business, one electronic seller accounts for 4-7 thousand people. Competition is minimal, especially in small towns. If you hurry, you can take a profitable niche in this type of business.
Step 1: Choosing an Idea in a Vending Business
Before choosing a business idea or direction in a vending business, you need to study the work of competitors, determine the most profitable niches for starting, and study the purchasing power of the population.
What can be sold in vending machines:
- prepared food - snacks, chewing gum, drinks in cans, etc.;
- products that require cooking - coffee, tea, cotton candy;
- non-food products - books, magazines, flowers, toys, cigarettes, household chemicals, stationery, umbrellas;
- services - topping up the balance of the phone, providing information, printing, etc.
To attract the attention of potential buyers, you need to think about unusual product. It takes imagination and out-of-the-box thinking. For example, the Chinese came up with the idea of selling live crabs in containers. An equally non-standard idea is to sell dishes, so that they can be broken later and relieve stress.
In our country, the services that can be obtained through the machine are limited to payment functions. But abroad, devices for massage, manicure, photography, photocopying, charging gadgets, and shoe cleaning are widespread. There is even a vending machine-toilet. In tourist cities there are devices with information services.
It is better for beginners to start a vending business with popular vending machines, for example, coffee-producing ones, and after a while, install devices with original products or goods nearby.
Step 2: Drawing up a business plan
The business project must be developed in the most detailed way. It must contain the following information:
- type of activity: trade in goods, products or services;
- form of ownership ( individual entrepreneur);
- form of taxation;
- way of doing tax accounting(independently or with the involvement of a specialist);
- geography (settlement and the number of people in it);
- the planned number of devices;
- range of goods or services, if any;
- the amount of "financial cushion" in case of unforeseen circumstances.
The purpose of any business plan is to calculate the profitability of a vending business in a specific geographical location and predict its feasibility.
A competent business project contains the following sections:
- Description of the characteristics of services or goods with detailed information about assortment, certificate and sales rights.
- Information about the company indicating the scope of activities and if there is experience.
- Market research results. This section describes the assessment of trade turnover in the world and in Russia, the population of the geographical point under study, inflation, factors affecting demand, customer preferences, classification of vending machines by demand and costs.
- Classification of machines by payment device, OKVED, product type and management.
- If you plan to receive employees, then you need a section - an organizational plan. He contains: official duties and personnel data.
- Marketing plan with definition target audience consumers, sales promotion methods. It also indicates an analysis of the needs of buyers, an assessment of competitors, business risks and opportunities.
- Production plan with information about the lease of premises and the purchase of machines. The section also contains the schedule according to which the project is being implemented.
- A financial plan containing the money initially invested and the costs of running the business.
- Performance analysis - section containing economic indicators net income, payback period, profitability ratio.
- Analysis of the risks possible for the vending business (breakdown, lack of spare parts, lack of raw materials, vandalism). It also reflects the ways to solve these problems and the break-even point, when income covers losses.
- The summary of the project contains: business goals (development of the vending network, attracting investors), description of the project (location of vending machines, area of the site, markups for goods or services, operating hours), performance indicators, costs for the implementation of the plan, funding sources.
Step 3: Legal registration of the vending business
To legalize the vending business, you need to select the registration form. It is possible or.
- UTII is the easiest option.
- - choose entrepreneurs who will not create a separate legal entity.
- and accounting provides for payment of 6% of total income or 15% of income minus expenses.
Vending machines not only sell finished products, but also produce goods from raw materials (for example, coffee, pizza). Depending on the type of activity, a suitable taxation system is also selected. Also important in choosing a system is the presence or absence of employees.
Businessman must find out in the local tax office information about the simplified system and UTII. Since these systems are regulated by the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Attention! UTII is paid by the owners of vending machines with toys, snacks, chewing gums, newspapers, books, cigarettes and other things. Vending machines with coffee and other drinks provide services Catering, but do not have a hall for service, therefore they do not fall under a single tax.
Step 4: Preparing documents for the vending business
To register an individual entrepreneur, you will need the following documents:
- full photocopy of the passport;
- application for registration of IP;
- declaration of choice of taxation;
- copy of TIN;
- provide foreign citizens with permission for temporary registration;
- stamp duty receipt.
When opening a vending business, an entrepreneur must have documents for purchased devices on hand:
- certificate of conformity of the State Standard of the Russian Federation.
- equipment passport;
- specifications;
- equipment;
- warranty cards;
- conditions to ensure long, uninterrupted operation.
For business vending, there is no specific code in OKVED. It is customary to specify the following values:
- If the business is based on payment machines (52.61.2).
- For copying and printing documents through the machines (74. 83).
- For sale in vending machines of any goods and products (52. 63).
- To do business with massage chairs (71. 40. 3).
Step 5: Choosing a vending machine: where to buy, used or new
First you need to decide whether these are new devices or already used ones. Of course, the price of the latest machines is much lower. But you need to take into account the fact that the SES approves new devices faster, without any problems. For used devices, inspectors apply the most stringent requirements.
There is another argument in favor of the new equipment. Companies selling new vending machines often provide training in the basics of the vending business. Don't miss out on free education.
It is important to find a supplier who offers not only devices, but also consumables and guaranteed service. Popular machines from such manufacturers: Bianchi, Venson, Jofemar, Necta, Unicum, Azkoyen, Saeco and others. Each machine comes with a warranty card.
After the purchase of equipment, goods and consumables, the SES makes examinations and, on their basis, gives confirmation of the safety of the products and the equipment itself.
To implement a vending business for the production of coffee, tea and soft drinks, you need to take care not only of the power supply, but also of connecting to the water supply and filters.
Cash registers are not required, because inside the machine there is already everything necessary for settlements with customers. If the device does not provide cashless payment by cards, then you can install it additionally.
Each vending machine must contain information about the entrepreneur and his contact number.
Step 6: How to choose a location for the vending machine
- First, the place must be crowded.
- Secondly, you need to pay attention to whether people are on the move (busy) or bored and waiting for someone to happen.
There is a method in which two automata are placed at a certain distance in a place where people are streaming. The man saw the vending machine and noticed that it would be nice to buy coffee, but he did not approach, then he walks some distance and already makes a purchase at the second vending machine.
Of course, it is worth considering the age categories of people. For example, it is better to install vending machines with toys and sweets in children's centers, circles and near schools.
It is possible to agree on the installation of snack and coffee machines in clinics, educational institutions and office buildings. Usually the management goes forward, because it is interested in comfortable working conditions for its employees.
You can also install devices on the streets, but there is a high risk of vandal attacks. Most devices have their own temperature regime for uninterrupted operation: not lower than 5 degrees of frost, and not higher than 40 degrees of heat. Therefore, it is still better not to place the devices in the fresh air.
In trade and entertainment centers vending machines increase the loyalty of visitors to the institution. As a result, everyone remains in the black: the businessman, the visitors, and the owner of the facility himself.
Action plan for installing vending:
- sign an agreement with the management of the institution;
- find access to the electrical network and, if necessary, to the water supply;
- install and start the equipment.
Rent can be from 1000 to 4000 rubles per month. This is about 10-20% of the profit from sales. But if you try, you can negotiate a free lease. To do this, it is necessary to inform the owner of the premises (director) that vending machines are necessary for his employees and to attract the attention of customers.
How many vending machines to install
Opinions of experienced businessmen differ. Some started immediately with a large number of machines and were satisfied, because the initial costs quickly paid off.
Others advise to install one maximum two devices for a start, follow the expediency of such a business, and understand whether it is worth doing it in this region.
How best to accept payments in vending
plays big role in making a profit. Not always a person has cash, banknotes or coins. Therefore, you need to install as many payment systems as possible. This is a coin acceptor, and a bill acceptor, and a calculation plastic cards. Be sure to take care of the system for issuing change.
Maintenance of vending machines
Loading devices with goods takes several hours a week, while it is necessary to monitor the level of demand and sales. If the product is not in demand, the installation site may have been chosen incorrectly.
It is important to keep the vending machines in working condition around the clock. If a consumer once or twice stumbled upon a non-working device, then he is unlikely to approach it in the future.
It is necessary to monitor the neatness of the device and the presence of instructions for use.
Determining the price of services or goods
There is no unambiguous decision on the amount of the cost of a service or product. Too high or too low a price can backfire on a business. It is necessary to conduct observations and analyze the prices of similar products from competitors. It is advisable to compare the size of the mark-up with the income of potential buyers and with the remoteness of the device from traditional stores.
How much does it cost to open a vending business
The cost item of a vending business project contains the following items:
- purchase of equipment (devices and components);
- installation;
- rent;
- technical inspection of devices;
- purchase of goods, Supplies, products;
- advertising;
- permission from SES and obtaining relevant documents;
- permission from electricians and approval from the fire inspectorate;
- taxes;
- Unexpected expenses.
The purchase of vending machines will cost 150-300 thousand rubles, if we are talking about new equipment. The price of used devices is about 90-120 thousand and depends on the level of wear and service life. Attention should be paid to the technical inspection of such equipment before purchase, there is a risk of spending a round sum on repairs and remaining in the red.
On the initial stage business, it is better to deal with the functions of the operator on their own: collection of money, laying in raw materials, goods, products, inspection. When the business is established, you can hire staff.
Assessing the perspective of the vending business
Before you try your hand at vending, you need to assess the prospects. To do this, it is important to understand whether specific devices will be relevant in a particular place. In other words, you need:
- evaluate the demand for the product;
- study the infrastructure of nearby outlets;
- determine the number of competitors;
- make an analysis of the level of related business;
- find out and analyze information about already operating vending points in a particular area: profit margin, costs.
The vending business involves the absence big expenses, minimum investment compared to the usual sale of goods through retail outlets.
According to reviews, he guarded the vending business, this business can bring from 1000 rubles a day or more. On average, income from one machine is 10,000 - 30,000 rubles per month. The costs pay off in about 1-1.5 years. All this is real with a competent approach to business, patience and the ability to achieve the goal.
Advantages of vending
- Low rental cost, because the vending machine occupies a small area.
- The working condition of several devices can be maintained by one person, and at the first stages by the businessman himself.
- Ease of buying a product or receiving a service, because all procedures are standard and have instructions.
- You can earn additional income by placing ads on the body of the device.
- The operation of the machine is designed for continuous sale 24 hours a day.
- If any of the devices has ceased to be profitable, you can transfer it to a new location without high costs.
- It is possible to sell the entire vending business if it is not successful.
- It is easy to expand the business, without complex schemes, simply by buying more devices and installing them at selected points.
- The ability to quickly learn the basics of the vending business.
- In Russia, this line of business has many free niches.
- You can quickly change the range depending on customer demand.
Cons of the vending business
- The wrong choice of location can bring losses.
- It is necessary to regularly monitor the occupancy and cleanliness of the apparatus.
- Possible damage to vending machines on the street, in the passage and the subway.
- Purchased ingredients for making drinks are imported and expensive, so not all customers can afford such products.
- Not all age categories of people are able to use machines, it is difficult for older people to understand the functionality.
- Lack of quick payback - it will take at least 1 year.
- In some metropolitan areas, there is already stiff competition.
- The seasonality of some vending machines, such as those selling soft drinks, will not be profitable in winter.
In this material:
Vending business is a direction in the field of selling goods and services using specialized machines. The first vending machines for soda water appeared in Soviet times. After the collapse of the Union, the Russian vending business was not very popular at first, but in the 2000s it began to actively gain momentum.
The following main areas of business of this type are distinguished:
- trade in packaged products (chocolate bars, chips, popcorn, bottles and cans of drinks), piece goods (chewing gum, shoe covers, condoms, cigarettes, contact lenses), toys of small and medium sizes;
- sale of coffee, tea, carbonated and soft drinks;
- jukeboxes;
- massage chairs;
- electronic scales with various functions;
- slot machines.
For each of the areas of the vending business, their own vending machines are created, differing in size, design, set of functions and other parameters.
The vending business is considered to be a very promising and highly profitable type of business. But providing for taking into account a number of features and specific requirements.
Starting a business
How to start a vending business? As in any other form of commerce, building a network of vending machines begins with determining the target audience, with identifying your client. The business can target young men and women, businessmen and office workers, shoppers in malls and other clientele.
The choice of the target audience largely determines which machines should be purchased and in which places to install. Successfully chosen locations of vending machines can provide high profits and vice versa. It is better to install vending machines for snacks and drinks in shopping centers, universities and schools, railway stations and airports, on busy streets and squares. Cafes and bars, foyers of cinemas, recreation areas in shopping centers will be the most successful place for musical and slot machines.
Aspiring entrepreneurs with little start-up capital are limited to purchasing tea and coffee machines and snack vending machines. The exception is projects that were initially focused on the development of a network of specialized vending machines (for example, selling contact lenses).
When choosing a form legal entity IP should be preferred. Societies with limited liability and joint-stock companies are too complicated in terms of taxation, so it makes sense to open them only if the company has a separate position of an accountant.
According to the law, if an individual entrepreneur does not earn more than the established norm for a year, a simplified taxation system is available to him. It is recommended to adhere to it until the revenue from the business overcomes the established bar.
Vending company employees
Like any technology, vending machines require maintenance and repair.
When there are no more than 10-15 machines, an individual entrepreneur can perform the functions of loading goods and withdrawing proceeds independently. If there are many machines and they are located far from each other, without the help of a hired work force not enough.
Repairs are more difficult. Self-repair by the organizer of the business is possible only if he has enough special technical knowledge for this. If they are absent, saving on specialists is categorically not recommended. Only a knowledgeable and experienced person can quickly solve any technical problems on the spot, while not damaging or breaking the device.
An extensive network of vending machines requires a whole staff of employees who can control the operation of the machines several times a day (including on weekends) and monitor the presence of products in them.
Dear models vending machines can be equipped with GSM-GPRS modules and transmit data on the availability of the product range via the Internet. This allows you to monitor the operation of the machines remotely and send specialists for their maintenance and repair not according to the schedule, but as needed.
Business plan for the development of vending
Drawing up a business plan is very individual and depends on many parameters related to the amount of investment in the project, the chosen direction, the high cost of the machines themselves and their maintenance, and the lease of retail space.
Estimated costs will be as follows:
- coffee machine will cost from 100 to 300 thousand rubles, snack machines - from 200 to 500 thousand;
- expenses for coffee components and cups - about 10 thousand rubles per month;
- rent of space in good location— from 3000 rubles per month;
- the salary of a service worker - from 10,000 per month, a repair specialist - from 20 thousand, in Moscow and St. Petersburg even higher.
When planning revenue, start from averages of 100 servings of coffee per day if the machine is located in a crowded place (train station, shopping center, the airport).
The business plan for a vending business should also include the costs of Maintenance and repair of vending machines, advertising, payment of taxes and contingencies.
Advantages of the vending business
The main advantage of the vending business is the high potential for development in Russia.
According to statistics, in developed countries there are 300-400 vending machines per 10 thousand people. In Russia - only 4-5. The same is true in Belarus and Ukraine. This indicator best characterizes the prospects for the development of the vending business in our country.
The second advantage of the vending machine business is its high liquidity. Always and at any time to find a buyer for a vending machine is not difficult. Thus, it is quite easy to sell part of the machines or the entire business.
The third advantage is simplicity and ease in mastering and running such a business. If there is an intelligent machine repair specialist, the entrepreneur himself does not need any specific knowledge. There is no licensing or certification for the purchase and commercial operation of the machines. However, trade in certain categories of goods still requires registration of licenses and relevant documents, including permits from the SES, electrical supervision and fire inspection. It is also easy to expand the business: you buy a machine, choose a point, rent an area and start the sales process.
In conclusion, it should be noted that almost all vending machines are easily adapted from the sale of some goods to the sale of others, similar ones. The coffee machine can dispense several types of coffee and tea. Changing the recipe of one, unpopular, type of coffee to another, more popular, is a fairly simple procedure. It is even easier to reorient the vending machine selling buns to sell, for example, chips.
Disadvantages of vending machines
Along with undeniable advantages, the vending business also has very specific disadvantages.
First of all, this is the high cost of the devices themselves. Moreover, it will not work to save money by purchasing used machines. With a high degree of probability, all profits will go to their repair and maintenance. Starting a business with 1-2 machine guns is also a joyless task. The level of profit from one device will be disproportionately small in comparison with the efforts to purchase, install and maintain it. And certainly will not allow you to hire a repair specialist.
According to experts, the minimum number of machines that will allow you to make a tangible profit is 10. To buy this number, you need an initial capital of at least 1 million rubles.
Secondly, the payback period. It equals, on average, one year. Even if the entrepreneur installs the machines in a very good place and assumes the responsibility for their maintenance and repair, this period can hardly be reduced to six months.
Thirdly, damage to the machines by intruders and vandals. If behind the devices installed in trading floors and centers, the guards somehow keep an eye on them, then the street machines are not protected by anyone.
The last drawback can be considered the fact that all the production of vending machines is concentrated abroad. Fluctuations in the dollar and euro exchange rates directly affect both the cost of new machines and the price of spare parts and consumables for them.
The relevance of the vending business in 2020
Due to the 2-3-fold depreciation of the ruble against the world's leading currencies, the cost of new vending machines increased accordingly. For example, if 2 years ago a top-end coffee machine cost 150-200 thousand rubles, now only simple models can be purchased for this money.
The development of vending in Russia has practically ceased. Only individual owners of extensive networks are trying to expand their business, occasionally buying new devices. Most entrepreneurs try to profit from existing ones.
The increase in the cost of spare parts and consumables affected the prices of the products offered. To keep their business profitable, entrepreneurs have to raise prices and cut costs.
But rising prices do not always lead to higher profits. The limited purchasing power of the bulk of the population leads to an outflow of customers. Under these conditions, entrepreneurs begin to sell their business in parts or in whole, often at a loss.
Currently, investors and aspiring entrepreneurs are advised to carefully weigh their options and current market conditions before starting a vending business.
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The vending business, in its general sense, has its origins in the distant 20s of the last century, when iron “shoe shiners”, “newspaper sellers” appeared on the streets of America, and then Europe. Even in the USSR, a network of automatic trade was developing very actively, and it is worth remembering those vending machines for soda water for 3 kopecks that were in all Soviet cities. Now the vending business is experiencing its renaissance on more modern technological and marketing platforms. In general, the creation of a vending business, in addition to purely technological advantages, has other favorable opportunities for those who decide to realize themselves in this area of trade.
The general concept of the vending business is based on the following fundamental factors and trends:
- The capacity of the Russian vending market is so small that it makes it possible to implement any marketing ideas of automatic trade and provision of services on it. Only in Moscow the level of saturation with vending machines lags behind European cities by at least 5 times;
- until recently, the vending market in Russia grew at an unprecedented rate of 20% per year, leaving behind all domestic traditional retail. There is reason to believe that such dynamics will continue as the well-being of citizens grows and the entire Russian economy moves forward;
- flexibility to adapt to market conditions to the assortment and geography of retail outlets. In terms of market mobility, the vending business has no equal in Russian conditions, and even online stores have significant limitations in terms of quick response to customer requests, not to mention the speed and convenience of delivery.
- Vending business management can be carried out by small companies with a small number of employees, which significantly affects the savings of the project budget, including taxes.
In addition to these major market factors, it is also very essential condition is that significant investments are not required to enter the vending retail market. Vending machines, which are assembled (and have service points) already on the territory of the Russian Federation, have a cost affordable for most start-up entrepreneurs. The average price of a device (new) rarely exceeds 300 thousand rubles. and its payback period is several months, subject to a competent choice of point of sale.
The presented business plan takes into account all these factors and trends, and Common parameters its operation is expected to be as follows:
The payback period is 12 months.
The initial investment will be 2 700 000 rub.
The break-even point is reached at 2 month of operation of the vending business.
Average profit per month 311 747 rub.
2. Description of the business, product or service
This draft business plan considers a scheme retail hot and soft drinks, various packaged snacks, which make up two groups of goods:
The first is hot tea, coffee with various additives
The second one is:
- bottled cold soft drinks brands such as Coca Cola, Sprite, various fruit teas, juices.
- packaged snacks (snacks) such as chips, french fries, cookies, processed cheese with a shelf life of 7 days, dried squids;
- chocolate bars, chocolates;
- nuts.
The range, as necessary, will be updated or supplemented at least once every 2-3 months.
Replacement and replenishment of vending machines is carried out with a frequency of at least 1 time in 1-2 days according to the developed schedule and vending route or as needed.
Preliminary calculation of the average sales yield by outlets is as follows:
1. Point of sale - SEC "Herringbone". Vending machines - 2 units. (coffee and snack). Average bill - 48 rubles. Daily number of purchases - 300 (150 for each device). Opening hours daily according to the schedule of the mall - from 8.00 to 22.00.
2. Point of sale - "Sports complex". Vending machines - 2 units. (coffee and snack). Average bill - 48 rubles. The number of purchases - 200 per day. Opening hours according to the schedule of the sports complex from 9.00 to 22.00.
3. Point of sale - "Regional Department of the Federal Migration Service and the visa center." Vending machines - 2 units. (coffee and snack). Average bill - 32 rubles. The number of purchases - 200 per day. Working hours according to the institution's schedule from 9.00 to 18.00, from Monday to Friday.
4. Selling point - "University". Vending machines - 2 units. (coffee and snack). Average bill - 36 rubles. The number of purchases - 200 per day. Working hours according to the institution's schedule from 9.00 to 19.00, from Monday to Friday.
In total, 8 vending machines will be used at the initial stage of the project implementation. Maintenance of the company's vending machine fleet is carried out by a special service organization on the basis of a concluded contract.
Strengths of the project: | Weaknesses of the project: |
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3. Description of the market
The Russian market of vending machines, despite its relative "youth", has already acquired some of its specific features and characteristics.
1. Market size. The world market of vending machines, in line with the development of which the Russian market of vending trade exists, is in an upward trend, both in terms of capitalization and geography of distribution.
To date, there are more than 25 million vending machines in the world, where the undisputed leaders are the USA, Japan and the European Union. So, for example, in Japan there are 23 people per 1 device, in Europe - about 50-100, and in Russia - one device per 7200 people (in megacities this figure is about 4000-5000 people per machine). Those. The Russian market of vending machines occupies only about 1% of the volume of the entire world vending market, where the annual turnover is at least 200 billion dollars.
At the moment, there are about 160-170 thousand vending machines in our country, which is significantly higher than in 2015, when there were only about 55-65 thousand of them. In general, taking into account the available data of the National Association of Automatic Trade of the Russian Federation (NAAT), which unites more than 40 leading vending companies, domestic market vending industry is undervalued compared to the European market by at least 5 times. And in comparison with the world standards for providing the population with a vending trading network- such a gap is more than 100 times. That is, the existing provision of the average Russian city with a population of 500 thousand people, 80-90 vending machines - this is a negligible figure. So, there is every reason to believe that this particular market has impressive prospects.
2. Dynamics of the vending retail market.
The Russian vending retail market before the crisis of 2015-2017 grew at a significant rate of 15-20% per year. However, after some noticeable market correction in the last three years (by 23%), it again resumed its positive dynamics, however, at a more modest growth rate - no more than 4-5% per year.
The limiting factor for the growth of the market remains the problem of the decrease in the general purchasing power of the majority of the population, whose incomes in real terms have decreased by more than 10%.
Nevertheless, market experts and analysts expect that market growth will be ensured by expanding the coverage of vending services in the eastern regions of the country (Siberia and the Far East), as well as the republics of the North Caucasus.
In addition, the growing dynamics of vending will be supported by the expansion of the range of services provided through automatic trade points, in addition to traditional coffee and chocolates (more than 80% of sales). For example, sales formats such as communication technology, mobile gadgets and accessories for them, flowers, gifts and souvenirs, stationery, theater tickets, photographs for documents, payment utilities and even fresh farm milk and sour cream (milk machines), etc.
3. Market structure. The structure of the vending market, due to its extremely low capitalization (no more than 140 million dollars of annual turnover), is still highly segmented, where a large share is occupied by large companies specializing in vending as a separate business. This share is over 90%. The most famous retailers that have mastered vending for a long time are such companies as, for example, Coffee City, Premaxa, SIBA-vending, VALEO Firm, Yuvenko Invest, Vendorus Group, KOCA-COLA RF".
If we talk about the degree of provision with vending machines, an automatic trade system, then in Moscow it is only 10% of European standards, and in the regions it is even less - only 3%.
Thus, it is not yet possible to talk about significant competition, both in terms of the concentration of vending points of sale and in terms of coverage of the potential range of goods and services. Accordingly, almost any entrepreneur has good opportunities to implement an interesting and profitable business concept in the Russian vending retail market.
4. Sales and Marketing
5. Production plan
The vending business has an undeniable advantage in that you can use any of the existing business schemes for organizing a business, including from the point of view of its legal registration. However, at the initial stage and to test the entire mechanism of the company's work the best option there will be a choice of the simplest formats legal organization affairs. In this case, we are talking about registration in the form of IP.
This form (IP) provides undoubted advantages, both in terms of the level of taxes levied (only 6% per year of the amount of income when using the simplified tax system), and the administration system, i.e. reporting and its control by the Federal Tax Service, direct payment of taxes. In addition, having registered an individual entrepreneur, an entrepreneur can easily expand the business scheme (in case of a successful choice of a market niche) by creating, for example, an LLC, to attract investors by entering authorized capital direct founder.
The IP registration process has a standard scheme, which consists of submitting an application to the Federal Tax Service (at the place of residence and official registration of the entrepreneur's address) and considering it within no more than 3 working days. After the approval of the submitted application, a certificate of registration of an individual entrepreneur is issued (an extract from the USRIP register). The amount of all expenses for registering an IP business is no more than 10 thousand rubles.
When submitting an application to the Federal Tax Service, it is necessary to indicate a special OKVED code for the implementation retail by means of automatic devices (machines). Such code will look like:
OKVED-2: 47.99.2 - "Activities for the implementation of trade through automatic machines."
In addition to registering a business as an individual entrepreneur, it is also necessary to register each machine with the Federal Tax Service. According to the requirements of the Federal Law "On the use of cash registers" No. 54 dated May 22, 2003, each vending machine must have a built-in cash register system (cash register).
Any other additional execution of permits for implementation entrepreneurial activity in the form of automatic retail trade is not required, except for the need to conclude agreements with the owners of rented places (shops) in the premises and contracts with service companies for the maintenance of vending machines.
The fundamental factors that ensure the sustainable profitability of the vending business are the criteria for choosing the location of the vending machines, the high-quality and continuous operation of the equipment, the logistics system (i.e. the optimal choice of the vending route). All these three factors are interconnected and the choice of location plays the first role in this chain. In this draft business plan, the following approaches to choosing the location of vending machines are implemented.
1. Sports complex with a fitness center, swimming pool and saunas. The leased area is 2 sq. m for 2 devices. The rental price is 5000 rubles. per month.
The maximum distance from the warehouse is 6 km.
2. SEC "Herringbone" - leased area 2 sq. m on the ground floor of the center building near the children's play studio and cinema. Accommodates 2 devices. The rental price is 4000 rubles. per month The maximum distance from the warehouse is 5 km.
3. The building of the regional service of the FMS and located in it visa application center. Leased area 2 sq. m for 2 devices. The rental price is 3000 rubles. per month The maximum distance from the warehouse is 10 km.
4. Hall of the university. Leased area 2 sq. m for two devices. The cost of renting a plot of 3000 rubles. per month. The maximum distance from the warehouse is 7 km.
The average rental price for all points of sale can be taken into account as 1875 rubles. for 1 sq. m.
All outlets have 24-hour security and video surveillance equipment. Also, the accommodations have access to the household power supply network.
The total length of the vending route for replenishing stocks with vending machine fillers is no more than 30 km. This allows you to optimize logistics costs, including reducing the time for servicing all the company's vending machines to 4-5 hours a day.
Equipment. To accomplish the task of reaching a given rate of return in this business project, it is supposed to use two types of vending machines.
These are coffee machines and devices selling cold drinks, as well as snacks (cold packaged snacks), sweets, chocolate bars, etc. Coffee machines of the Jofemar type (Jofemar, Spain) model Coffeemar G250, which are assembled in Kaliningrad under license, are supposed to be taken new, with a manufacturer's warranty.
Other vending machines such as "Necta STARFOOD" or "GPE Vendors DFD/3C" (drum type) are supposed to be used, either used, but with a wear rate of not more than 70%, or new.
The general list of equipment used in business is as follows:
- coffee vending machines;
- retail snack vending machines;
- computer equipment (laptop) with a printer for the manager. It is also necessary to purchase special software (software) to track the logistics of goods for each vending machine.
- microtruck (thermos) or minibus with capacity up to 3 tons;
In addition, a parking place for vehicles should be provided, and in the future it makes sense to purchase a small warehouse or storage room (20-30 sq. M. Sq. M.) To place goods and fillers near the points where vending machines are located.
6. Organizational structure
To organize a vending business, you can use various formats and schemes for the work of personnel, including such as outsourcing or the provision of services on the terms of an agency agreement. However, it is best to use the classic staffing structure. The staff consists of the following employees:
1. Manager. The position of the manager can be occupied by both the owner of the business (the founder) and a separately hired specialist. The manager's responsibility is not only general organization work of the company, but the implementation of the schedule for the supply of consumables and products, ensuring timely maintenance of vending machines. The manager directly interacts with suppliers of products and other goods sold through vending machines, with lessors, as well as with state and municipal regulatory authorities.
2. Forwarding agent-technologist. This full-time position is entrusted with the responsibility for the full material support of all vending machines of the company necessary products, movement control and operational warehouse accounting. His competence includes direct work with suppliers, wholesale warehouses, shops. He is also responsible for the technical condition of the vending machine park, their timely maintenance. In his subordination is a forwarding operator who fulfills his instructions to ensure the continuous operation of vending machines.
3. Forwarding operator. The main responsibility of the forwarding operator is to replenish stocks and consumables of vending machines in a timely manner, either according to a pre-approved schedule, or as the goods are consumed. The work of the operator takes place during the day shift. Directly reports to the forwarding agent-technologist. The operator-forwarder is required to have a driving license of category "B".
For implementation financial incentives employees of the vending company are expected to implement a payment scheme - "salary + bonus". For the manager and forwarding agent-technologist, a bonus system is provided in the form of accruing% of the amount of monthly sales. For other categories of employees, remuneration will be made according to the “salary plus bonus” scheme - quarterly, semi-annual and annual, based on the results of work for the corresponding period.
To complete the task of maintaining accounting and tax reporting the option of outsourcing accounting services was chosen.
The full calculation of the payroll for 24 months, taking into account the bonus part and insurance premiums, is presented in the financial model.
7. Financial plan
8. Risk factors
The vending business is unlikely to replace the entire retail, but has already firmly established a market niche for small retail sales of drinks, snacks and inexpensive things. Taking into account the prospects for the further development of vending as a business, there are good long-term prospects, including those that are well combined with the new technological trend of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, any entrepreneur starting to work in the vending machine market should have a clear understanding of the risks and not rely entirely on technical progress. These risks are primarily
- competition risk. This systemic risk is quite high in the vending market, as there are many who want to make a profit from a business where the margin is at least 50-60%. Basically, this risk is maximum just in those places where vending machines are located, where there is the greatest traffic of potential customers. To work with this risk, it is necessary to constantly find not only new locations for vending machines, but also focus on the taste or consumer preferences of a particular audience. For example, timely switch from selling hot tea to ice cream with the change of season.
- risk of technical malfunctions and malfunction of vending machines. This risk, if underestimated, can instantly lead to unprofitability of the entire business (one day of downtime of one machine deprives the entrepreneur of at least 25 thousand rubles). Vending machines themselves are not cheap. Moreover, it should be taken into account that most of these devices are imported, therefore, both spare parts and components cost a lot of money. This risk can be avoided by: firstly, buying new rather than used devices from reputable manufacturers who have authorized dealers or a network of representative offices ( service centers) on the territory of the Russian Federation. Secondly, you should not save on technical prevention and maintenance of vending machines.
- risk of deliberate damage to machines (anti-vandal risk). Despite the fact that vending machines are usually installed in public places where there are a lot of people, and even security cameras or security, the risk of damage to the machines by vandals or thieves cannot be ruled out. There are no completely reliable anti-vandal devices, and therefore, when choosing a location for vending machines, preference should be given to permanently guarded premises. Evaluate the business plan
