The best business in the countryside. How to start your own business in the countryside

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In some countries, quail meat is considered medicinal, but even if this is not true, it is dietary and valuable in terms of taste. It is clear that quail breeding as a business is very profitable, pays off quickly, farms are small, and a large start-up capital is not required to start a business.

How to start a quail business?

It is recommended to start growing poultry with a population of no more than 700 pieces, since quails are very prolific, and besides, chicks quickly grow into adults. In about a year, your livestock will increase tenfold, and the profitability of the business will also increase. To begin with, you will need about 10 thousand dollars, which will be justified in a few months.

When drawing up a business plan, the following points should be considered in detail:

• the cost of equipping a new farm and further keeping the poultry;
• planned profit;
• product marketing system;
• possible risks;
• legal registration of business;
• other questions.

Even with some experience in quail breeding, the main difficulty in this business is non-technical issues, and the ability to communicate with potential clients, convince them, work with contractors and establish the necessary connections.

The main issue in any business is making a profit, so the issue of marketing poultry meat and eggs becomes decisive in doing business. Therefore, the first question that arises in the planning process is how many outlets can you attract to cooperation? To increase their number, it will be necessary to hold preliminary meetings with the owners of restaurants, shops, cafes and eateries. During the negotiations, it will become clear whether this niche is occupied by other manufacturers, what are the prospects for supplies, etc.

The main costs initially fall on the purchase of adult quails and the necessary equipment. In addition, the poultry population has to be periodically updated, since the productivity of a one-year-old animal is halved. To increase the number of eggs are taken from females at the age of two to ten months, and from older individuals they are used as a food product. Quails at the age of one year are slaughtered for meat.

It should be noted that the trade in reared young animals is no less profitable than the sale of meat and eggs, since new farms are constantly springing up in the country, which supports the demand for chicks.

Quail farm building

You should start growing individuals with the construction of a small room for them, the location of which does not play a special role. The main thing is that it should be a calm place and that the bird house meets the basic requirements put forward to it. The optimum temperature in the room is + 18 ° C, air humidity is 65-70% during the entire period of detention. Sharp and significant changes in these indicators should not be allowed, as this can lead to a decrease in quail egg production, diseases and mortality. A steady supply of fresh air should be provided, as they are very demanding in this regard, although at the same time they do not tolerate drafts. Optimal parameters - for 1 kg of bird weight, at least 5 cubic meters are required in summer. meters of fresh air, in winter - 2 cubic meters. meters. Its supply can be ensured with the help of an air conditioner, and the required temperature in winter can be ensured by installing an electric heater with a thermostat.

Bright light in the room is optional - birds do not like it, so a brightness of 35 lux and 16-18 hours of lighting per day is enough. Lamps with a brightness of up to 20 lux are installed above the feeders, and one should not forget that quails become aggressive from bright light. The stability of the parameters is controlled using appropriate instruments.

When breeding the most popular breed, Japanese quail, up to 120 birds per square meter are populated, while the height of the cages should not exceed 30 cm. The cages are installed in several tiers (up to five), taking into account ease of maintenance. It turns out that up to six hundred quails are placed on one square meter of area. Although in practice this number is somewhat less, since maintenance personnel need to constantly monitor their condition and remove dead individuals in a timely manner.

A separate item of expenditure required for raising quails is the purchase of a diesel or gasoline generator, which is designed to prevent the bird from freezing or suffocating in case of possible power outages. The generator must be equipped with an automatic start system; when the light is turned off, its task is to maintain the operation of the electric heater and air conditioner.

The quail business requires the availability of high-quality incubators. Homemade devices for incubation cannot be used, as they are not able to provide the proper quality and reliability of the process.

To obtain eggs, birds are settled in cages at the rate of one male for two or four females. For breeding, young individuals under the age of eight months are used.

On farms, artificial egg incubation is widely used, for which non-standard eggs are removed that meet the requirements for size, color and shell thickness. After that, a check is performed using an ovoscope, on which eggs that are cloudy or with a double yolk, as well as with other defects, are rejected.

In order for the cultivation to be successful, the temperature and humidity in the incubator are maintained in the following parameters:

• 12 first days - temperature 37.2 ° C, humidity 60%;
• from 12 to 15 days - 37.2 ° C and 55%;
• from the 16th day - 37.0 ° C and 70%.

In the first days of life, young animals are given increased attention, since even a small draft or a jump in temperature can kill them. The temperature in the cage in the first week of life of the chicks should not be lower than +35-37°C, in the second week it drops to +32°C, in the third to +26°C. Further, the grown chicks are moved to the cages for the adult stock.

Quail feeding

On average, one Japanese quail eats up to 30 grams of feed daily. So, with a total number of one thousand heads, up to 30 kilograms are consumed daily, for which it is necessary to create a sufficient supply of feed on the farm and ensure their purchase on time.

The feed must be of high quality, balanced, with a set of necessary vitamins and minerals in order to maintain high egg production. In summer, birds need to be fed fresh grass and root crops (cut) daily. In winter, the lack of vitamins is compensated by germinated oats or wheat, and wet food is diluted with fish or bone meal. Periodically, crushed shells, chalk, and fine gravel are poured into the feeders, without which the egg production of the bird is significantly reduced. They are fed at the same time. Violation of this rule can lead to a stressful state of birds.

Realization of meat and eggs of quails

The last stage of the quail breeding business is the sale of meat, eggs and young animals, and this is the main problem for the farmer. Despite not very strong competition in this segment, it is rather difficult to find serious buyers for these products, which is due to the fact that consumers have not yet developed a stable habit of eating quail meat and eggs, unlike chicken. Big role bad advertising also plays a role, since the main suppliers are private entrepreneurs who do not have sufficient funds to organize advertising campaigns.

The first customers are most often friends and family of the entrepreneur, but this is a limited sales that quickly fades away as buyers quickly lose interest in the product. Therefore, when growing a flock of several thousand quails, one should look for serious channels for selling their products. Contracts with small grocery stores are also not very promising, since their order volumes are small.

Very lucrative contracts for the supply of eggs are concluded with large supermarkets, although it is very difficult to achieve such an agreement. To do this, you will have to convince the store administration that in your person they will find the most profitable and reliable supplier of products. You will also need to obtain a number of permits that will confirm the quality of your product and its safety in sanitary terms.

When compiling a business plan for opening a quail breeding farm, it is necessary to take into account all the little things and nuances that affect profitability and profitability. For example, in the second year of life, egg production drops sharply in females, so adult birds are slaughtered for meat. Another cost item, invisible initially - to speed up the processing of carcasses, you will have to purchase a centrifuge to remove feathers.

As for service personnel, that is, it makes sense to breed quail family business, since two people can handle a flock of 1200 goals.

Quail breeding as a business receives mostly favorable reviews, as producers who have found distribution channels have a good income. But we must not forget that this type of activity is associated with constant care for the bird, the absence of days off and holidays, endless worries about the sale of products. Therefore, before you start breeding quails, you need to assess your capabilities and willingness to give everything to the cause. free time. It is on this that the profitability of your future business primarily depends.

Quail breeding in countryside can be in a good way family income. Unpretentious birds feel great in different climatic zones. They continue to lay eggs and breed under the most normal conditions. A competent approach and knowledge of the intricacies of the quail breeding business guarantees a stable income.

The activity of growing quails has a number of advantages. The meat of these birds has excellent taste qualities, which are appreciated by consumers. Positive feedback about useful properties quail eggs confirms the high demand.

Females start laying early, at the age of 1–2 months, and retain their productivity for up to one year. After the end of this period, one-year-old birds are sold for meat. A short production cycle allows you to get the first earnings quickly enough.

Conditions for rearing birds

Small quails do not require a wide breeding area. The necessary conditions for keeping 30 heads of birds:

1. A clean, ventilated area of ​​​​5-10 square meters. meters;
2. Air temperature 18–22 degrees C;
3. Proper diet.

The first step to start a quail business is to buy special cages. The size of such cells is from 0.8 to 1 meter in width, and about 30 cm in height. This area can accommodate from 50 to 80 individuals. To save space, it is recommended to create tiers of 4 cages, which will allow you to keep up to 320 heads per square meter.

Cell batteries should be designed in such a way that it is convenient to care for birds, remove droppings and maintain cleanliness. In addition, they must be equipped with drinkers and feeders.

Breeding quails at home involves the purchase of additional equipment. In an artificial environment, females lose their ability to incubate eggs, so an incubator is required for the appearance of young. The cost of its acquisition depends on the capacity and functional features. On average, the cost is from 3 to 7 thousand rubles. Professional incubators with a capacity of up to 3000 eggs will cost the owner of the farm about 80 thousand rubles.

After the quails hatch, they are moved to a special closet - a brooder, where the necessary temperature and light are maintained.

Particular attention should be paid to the illumination in the room where the birds will be kept. Installed in Room light bulbs should be at least 35 lux. Additionally, 20 lux lamps are mounted above the feed trays. Exceeding the brightness of the light will cause the birds to show aggression.

Breeding quail as a business involves intensive manual labor. One person can serve up to 600 heads daily.

Before deciding whether it is profitable or not to keep quails, you need to calculate the cost of feed. Ready-made mixtures are sold in stores that are used to feed chickens, but it would be more economical to make your own mixture from cereals:

1. Wheat from 25 to 30%;
2. Corn 25%;
3. Barley and grain of other crops 5% each;
4. Food additives up to 5%.

For each age, birds require different portions:

Starting a home business, the owner must know which breeds of quail are the most profitable to breed. Some species are not suitable as a source of income, and are decorative. The main breeds that are used for breeding:

• Japanese quail;
• Pharaoh;
• Estonian quail;
• French breed.

Are you interested in this type of business?

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Quail breeding business plan

Calculations for opening a quail business for 600 individuals will be approximately as follows:

1. Leased premises area 20 sq.m. 12-15 thousand rubles (this item of expenditure is removed, if any own premises in homesteading);
2. Purchase of young quails 20–25 thousand;
3. Purchase of equipment (cages, incubator, brooder) 30 thousand rubles;
4. The cost of food is 3-5 thousand rubles.

Start-up capital, which will be required at the initial stage, will amount to 65-75 thousand rubles.

Monthly maintenance costs household are made up of utilities, transportation of finished products, purchase of feed. Average amount fixed costs comes out to about 15,000 rubles.

Profitability will help determine whether it is profitable to keep a quail farm. In order to correctly assess the profitability, it is necessary to divide the proceeds into three options for the sale of products: eggs, meat, live poultry.

Revenue from the sale of eggs

The average female can bring an average of 20 eggs per month. Some of them should be postponed for
increase in bird heads, about 1/3. The cost of a quail egg on the market is 5 rubles. The ratio of females and males on a farm of 600 individuals is 50% to 50%. Every month, one female eats 900 grams of grain worth 20 rubles.

• Income amount: 300 females * 20 eggs * 5 rubles = 30,000
• Feed costs: 300 females * 20 rubles = 6000

Sale of meat

The average weight of a quail carcass is 250 grams. The average cost of quail meat on the market is 100 rubles. Up to 100 carcasses are sold monthly.

100 rubles * 100 pieces = 10000

Sale of live poultry

Additional income can be brought by the sale of young or grown quails. The cost of one bird is 80 rubles, up to 50 heads can be sold monthly.

50 birds*80 rubles=4000

Profit and payback

Financial calculations show how much you can earn from the quail business. The proceeds from the sale of eggs, meat and live poultry will amount to 44,000 rubles. The amount of fixed maintenance costs is 15,000 rubles. Thus, earnings per month from 600 heads will be 29,000 rubles. The return on investment will occur within 3-4 months.

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Quail breeding as a business, profitable or not? This is a question that many entrepreneurs are asking today, also those who do not yet have their own business, but want to start something. The answer to this question is not a secret. It can be obtained from already established businessmen. There are many quail farms, so you can easily find someone to ask.

If you have a soul for working with living creatures and you have already decided to establish your own quail breeding farm, thereby ensuring your present and future well-being, then quail breeding will be an interesting activity for you.

If you want to start a quail farm, then first consider profitability. After all, every business starts with this.

Today it is known that quail breeding on a small and medium scale is no less profitable than on a large scale. Experts have calculated that you will need about 114 thousand rubles to open a quail breeding farm. After a few months, you will return the invested funds and will receive a net profit in the same amount, up to about 114 thousand rubles.

If you are a patient person and know how to build with your own hands, then you will invest much less money in this business. Therefore, your investment can also pay off much faster. If you already have a room for quails, then it is better to build cages with your own hands. This will save you at least half of the necessary investments in this business. To save even more, you can not buy a lot of quails at once. It is enough to buy several females and males. To create such a small farm, the amount of funds needed to start a business is minimized.

Quail meat and eggs are for sale. One quail lays about 280 eggs a year. Rejected birds are used for meat. In addition, you can sell live bird. This, by the way, is more profitable than selling meat and eggs.

As can be seen from the above, there will be products for sale on a quail breeding farm - you will always have something to sell. If you approach the issues of selling your product with all seriousness, then you will be provided with a monthly income. That is, breeding, keeping and selling quail eggs and meat is a profitable business.

Profitability issues imply calculations of expenses and incomes, which cannot be kept silent, but more on that later.

Where is it more convenient to keep quails

AT Russian Federation it is forbidden to keep farm birds at home - you can’t keep chickens at home, for example. But with quails, things are different. The quail is not a large farm bird. She, when compared with the noise made by chickens, is not noisy at all - “quiet”. In addition, it does not exude unpleasant odors at all. That is, it is allowed to breed quails at home in Russia. No, no, we are not talking about breeding quails on the balcony or in rooms among people. The point is that you can build a building for equipping a quail farm in it directly in any yard, like, say, pigeon houses. It won't annoy people. You can, of course, breed quails in residential premises, but then the neighbors themselves will simply look askance at you and will not understand you. At home, you can have several quails to get acquainted with the features of feeding and other nuances. For breeding quails on an industrial scale, it is still better to build a separate building for them.

How to start breeding quails

Breeding quails as a business, for beginners, is a simple matter. You just need to have some skill and desire. When creating your own quail breeding farm, you will certainly have a number of issues that you need to take care of at the very beginning of your business.

The first question to take care of is how many birds are planned to be bred? First of all, it is necessary to decide precisely on this, since the solution of all other issues will depend on this. Further, in the process of creating a quail farm, you will have the following questions: do you need an incubator, what products do you plan to sell, are all the conditions for keeping these birds met, has a diet been developed?

If you have already prepared for the creation of your farm and have resolved all these issues, now take care of all the necessary documents. Register with the tax office, draw up a business plan and more.

After registering and collecting all required documents you can start building your farm. For breeding quails, you will need a room with a volume of about 37 m3. Up to a thousand quails can be placed in such a room. In order for such a number of birds to fit into your room, it is recommended to build cages in several tiers.

With the maintenance of such a small farm, one person can easily handle it. Therefore, if you want to set up medium-capacity production, you can do it. But if you are unfamiliar with all the nuances of this issue, it is better to start small.

As already mentioned, first decide how many birds you want to keep? Depending on how many birds this or that entrepreneur breeds, there are industrial complexes, farms or individual farms. In matters of bird numbers, keep in mind that keeping 500 quails suggests that you will need special facilities and special equipment. In addition, you will be better off hiring workers to take care of your birds. You should also keep in mind that you will have to look to sell your products for more large markets. If you are still quite new to quail breeding, do not start breeding large livestock right away. Start small. So you can do without hired workers. This will again reduce your investment.

With regard to hatchery breeding of birds, you must remember that you should not buy eggs in stores to start your business. Store-bought eggs will not hatch because store-bought eggs are not fertilized. If you start your business by buying eggs, then buy them from specialized farms that are already breeding quails. AT this issue it must also be remembered that eggs cannot be transported for a long time. This is detrimental to the chicks.

If you are planning to buy chicks rather than eggs to start your business, then prepare cages, food and drinkers for them in advance.

Quail keeping and care

A review of such a topic as caring for quails requires a separate article, since this is a very extensive topic. Let's just focus on the fundamentals.

Quail is a bird that requires sophisticated care and attitude towards it. They are very demanding on the environment and living conditions. If, for example, a stranger enters a room with quails, the females will stop laying eggs - they will not lay for half a month. If you make too much noise in the room, this will also affect the layers - they will not rush again for half a month. Therefore, in the premises for breeding quails, a cozy atmosphere should always be preserved for them.

In order for your quails to feel quite cozy and comfortable in their quarters, they should bathe in the sand whenever they please. That is, do not forget to prepare sand for this. It can be river, but experts recommend grinding seashells. Also, quails need fine gravel for proper digestion. If you want your quails to lay high-quality eggs, with a view to their further sale, do not forget to feed them with calcium. And to make them rush more often, add proteins to their food. These are the most important questions in quail nutrition, so find stores in advance that will serve you as a source of supplies.

When feeding quails, make sure that the food contains negligible amounts of rye and salt. The ideal daily diet for your quails will be the following mixture: wheat (30%), fishmeal (15%), cake (15%), corn (25%), ground shells (5%), pearl barley (5%). You can also give all these products to them separately. In addition, give your quail carrots and cabbage in unlimited quantities. Give them as much greens as they can eat.

Incubation of quail eggs is a matter that requires special care. In order for the new generation of quails to feel good and develop well, monitor the air temperature. To maintain the optimum temperature environment, in which your quails are placed, you must constantly take care of heating. In addition, quails need good lighting. For this, it is better to use fluorescent lamps. Such lamps are also a source of heat, in addition to the heating itself. If you are used to using special economic lamps (housekeepers), know that they are completely unsuitable for maintaining the most natural conditions for keeping your birds.

If you decide to open a quail breeding business and are looking for a good quail breed for this, you should remember that not all breeds are suitable for this. There are decorative quails that are completely unsuitable for getting meat and eggs from them. They lay eggs in much smaller numbers. In addition, their meat is not a delicacy, because it is too tough. There are also laboratory quails located in vivariums at universities in which experiments are carried out on them. Such quails are also not suitable for breeding. Unless for the purpose of further selling them to these very vivariums. It must be added that the progenitor of all quails is the Japanese dumb quail. Quails are suitable for breeding, which originated precisely from this Japanese silent quail. This quail is a subspecies of all types of quail.

There are only three types of quail suitable for breeding:

1. japanese quail. He's ordinary. This is the best breed to breed. If you are looking for a type of quail for egg production, choose this breed. Quails of this species carry up to 310 eggs per year. This species is also better than others for sale for meat. The carcass of such a quail weighs about 200 grams. One carcass is enough for just one serving. Quails of a larger breed are inconvenient for cooking, since they are inconvenient to divide into 2 portions, and for one they are too large. Such quails are also good because they rarely get sick. Breeding such quails for meat It's a business that pays for itself very quickly.

2. Pharaoh – meat breed. Such a quail gains up to 320 grams of net weight. One quail can lay up to 200 eggs a year. These quails require more attention to care for than any other type of quail, but this species is a priority for people because such a quail makes an impression when sold.

3. Estonian and French quail. These two species are very similar to each other. They are not bad breeds either. Females of these breeds carry up to 300 eggs in six months. The average weight of one quail reaches 300 grams. However, the presentation of such quails rarely turns out to be good, because few people breed them.

There are other types of quail for breeding, but other types are more decorative than commercial. They are generally not bred for sale for meat or for egg production.

Additional questions of profitability

As promised, consider additional questions profitability and carry out more detailed calculations.

Marketing research suggests that it is not at all difficult to open a quail breeding farm. Moreover, such a business is easy to start, because it does not need advertising at all. enough to open your outlet and sell their products - there will be a buyer. There is no need to certify such products either. The only thing you will certainly need to do is carry your quail carcasses from time to time to special laboratories for quality research.

So, let's calculate all the expenses and incomes of a medium-sized farm

A thousand quails today cost 30 thousand rubles. If you want, you can, of course, buy chickens. It will cost less. But, it will take you more to grow them. more money. Therefore, it is better to buy adult birds.

As for the cages for quails, it has already been said that it is better to make them yourself, but you can buy them. One batch of cells costs about 75 thousand rubles. If you buy cages, the cost amount will be added to the investment amount.

You can also make an incubator yourself. But you can also buy. It costs about 6 thousand rubles.

A monthly supply of food will cost you 3 thousand rubles.

In total, the amount of investments is 114 thousand rubles.

Let's count the income

Of every 1,000 birds purchased, about half will be females. To fertilize them, you need the same number of males - 500. The remaining (extra) birds will go for meat. Half a thousand females will lay about 65 thousand eggs in 2 months total cost 30 thousand rubles These incomes will be deducted from the cost of feeding - 6 thousand rubles. The balance remains 25 thousand rubles. for 2 months of work. In addition, extra males will bring an additional 5 thousand. In total, for 2 months the income will amount to 30 thousand rubles.

Further costs for the purchase of birds are eliminated. Place the required part of the eggs in the incubator to increase the livestock.

After 4 months, your income will be 60 thousand per month.

After 5 months, your investment will fully pay off. Now you can think about expanding your farm.

As can be seen from the above, it is profitable to breed quails today. Yes, this is a rather laborious task, but a rewarding one. The features of quail breeding are such that this business does not promise mountains of gold at first, but if you have patience, this business will begin to bring you impressive income over time. All calculations are generalized real experience many entrepreneurs who are breeding quails. There is one notable feature of quail breeding - that the quail farm is a family business. Quail breeding is usually done by families. So, start small: create a small farm, study the behavior of quails and how to care for them, gain experience and go for it.

AT modern life a person, in order to ensure a tolerable existence of his family, has to use and apply various forms earnings, since in most cases (if we talk about Russia) the salary received is clearly not enough. Someone is trying to get another job, someone is renting an apartment or giving lessons in the evenings of English language. There are many who want to do their own thing and are looking for options where to start. One of these win-win options is farming, including using small farms.
A promising direction in the farm is the breeding of poultry, including quail breeding. To create a quail business, it is not required big investments, payback periods look attractive, and there are many examples of how people managed to build a big business with high profitability.

business concept

The basic concept of the quail business is that quail eggs and meat have a fairly large market and you can see them for sale in almost every city or town.

Quail eggs and meat are in demand because of their qualities. Here are their main advantages of quail breeding:

1. Quail eggs are a valuable immunomodulatory food product, they contain a whole range of important vitamins: A, P and K, B1, B2, as well as iron, cobalt and other trace elements necessary for the human body.
2. Quail meat and semi-finished meat products are considered a delicacy and dietary food product, especially in the restaurant business.
3. The unique egg production of quails allows you to get an average of 300 eggs per year from these birds. Moreover, each quail hatched from an egg becomes an adult bird in 5–6 weeks. This allows us to have almost uninterrupted production and ensure its stable supply to any market.
4. The market for quail eggs in the Russian Federation is growing steadily and, as can be seen from the table above, quail egg production has almost tripled in six years.
5. Creation of a small quail farm, bird care does not require the involvement of any special technologies, large investments. It is enough to provide the birds with a stable temperature regime, a balanced diet.

Separately, it is necessary to talk about the target groups of consumers of quail eggs and meat products:

1. Buyers for medical reasons. Often doctors recommend eating quail eggs, and this fact allowed the formation target group consumers in the market. This group is characterized by its constancy in the purchase and consumption of quail eggs.
2. Consumers who are fans healthy lifestyle life, are fond of various diets, including sports ones. Approximately 30% of all consumers can be attributed to this group.
3. Consumers buying quail eggs for incentive baby food. Quail eggs are in stable demand for children of preschool and primary school age.
4. Consumers belonging to the middle class, that is, they are wealthy people who can afford to buy such a rather expensive product as quail eggs.
5. commercial users. These are, as a rule, various bakeries, small restaurants, pastry shops, where it is necessary to use quail eggs and meat for the production of dishes or food products.

Thus, breeding quails, both for selling eggs on the market and for industrial production, is very promising.

What is required for implementation?

Before deciding what to buy or build to start a quail farming business, there are a few important things to consider.

1. If there is a goal to create not a small home business, but a fairly large-scale production of eggs or quail meat, you need to think about registering either an individual entrepreneur (individual entrepreneur) or private household plot (personal subsidiary plot). It is inexpensive, about 3000 rubles, and all this can be arranged in tax office in several days. This is necessary in order to work later both with feed suppliers and with buyers - commercial companies for which reporting is required. Naturally, they will only work with those who have official registration.
2. The second point is related to the definition of which market or its segment your work will be concentrated on. To do this, you need to try to think over and write a business plan for a quail breeding farm with all the calculations. This will allow you to evaluate the profitability of the enterprise. In addition, a well-written business plan will be needed to obtain a loan from a bank, which will consider an application for a loan only if there is a real business plan.
3. Another point is related to who and how will do business. If it is supposed to personally manage all the affairs, then you should decide whether there will be enough time for this or you will have to change jobs, hire a person.

Important: Agricultural producers, including quail farms, can apply for state subsidies.

Taking into account all these factors, we can talk about what exactly is needed to organize quail breeding as a business.

1. First of all, to create your own poultry farm, you need a room - well-ventilated, dry, warm and spacious enough. The selection of the required area can be carried out taking into account the approximate standard, which requires about 20–25 square meters for 500–600 quails. meters. Plus, there should be a small department where quails will be kept.
2. Cells. In some types of farms, cages are used to breed quails. On the one hand, this is very convenient, but at the same time, each cell will have to be constantly cleaned and disinfected.
3. Incubator. For breeding chickens, you will need an incubator. You can purchase a regular homemade chicken incubator for 20-30 cells,
4. Lighting. The illumination rate for quails is at least 17–18 hours a day, which will require the organization of both natural light, and electrical.
5. In order to ensure a constant temperature regime in the room where quails are kept, it is not necessary to use special equipment. You can use air conditioners with automatic temperature control or conventional water systems. The main thing is a stable temperature regime within 18–20 degrees, without sudden changes.
6. Stern. To feed quails, a vegetable and cereal mixture is used, as well as fresh grass, if possible. Dishes and containers are needed to store feed and prepare food mixtures.

In addition to these basic technical points, it is also necessary to provide for how the eggs will be delivered from the farmer to the consumer. If you deliver them yourself, you will need vehicles, which means that you need to provide for logistics costs.

It would also not be superfluous to make your own website so that potential buyers can get acquainted with how quails are grown, in what conditions they are kept and what products are available, so that you can place an order directly on the site. This form of marketing not only helps to attract new customers and sell the product, but also creates trust, which is very important for the development of a food production business.

Basic calculations for starting a business

Start-up capital

The basis of all financial calculations of an entrepreneur when planning a business should be, first of all, the capacity of the market. This gives a visual idea of ​​how many quails need to be bred, what quality the product should be, and who will be its consumers. To determine the market capacity, we can roughly take into account that 30% of consumers of dietary chicken meat or eggs tend to replace them with quail eggs. This kind of calculation and research can be done if you look at the nearest stores and supermarkets - how much is put up for sale chicken egg, and by this quantity it is possible to determine the approximate market capacity.

The main costs of creating a quail farm as own business are given in the table. In addition, you need to take into account the cost of registering a business - 3000 rubles, as well as the cost of creating an Internet site (10 thousand rubles).

Total: the total cost of setting up a business is 60-70 thousand rubles based on livestock content 600 pieces of quail.

Monthly expenses

When determining the composition and volume of monthly expenses, it is necessary to proceed not only from current needs. A reserve of funds should be provided in case of any emergency situations(e.g. veterinary services for bird diseases).

The monthly expenses include the following items:

1. Quail food costs - 6 000 rubles.
2. Heating and lighting costs - 3 000 rubles.
3. Logistics - product delivery - 3000 rubles.
4. Premises for rent - 20 000 rubles.

Total: on average, the monthly expense will be about 30 000 rubles.

It may also be necessary to hire a worker to care for quails, which must be foreseen in advance in your business plan.

How much can you earn, and payback periods

The income of a quail breeding farm largely depends on what prices exist on the local market, and how much products can be supplied to it.

Important: Income can be generated by the sale of semi-finished or finished quail products: smoked carcasses, grill, etc. But this will require additional equipment and permits.

If we take as an example the calculation for the city of Moscow, then on average a dozen quail eggs cost 160 rubles, or 16 rubles one egg. The meat carcass (processed) of one quail is valued on the market at 95 rubles.

Thus, if we take as an example a herd of 600 quails, there will be an output of approximately 450 eggs per day, or, taking into account the total egg production, - 400 pieces.

Taking this figure as a further calculation base, we get gross revenue: 400 pieces x 16 rubles = 6400 rubles per day, or monthly revenue will be 192,000.

From the amount of gross revenue, monthly expenses should be deducted, which amount to 30 000 rubles. Plus, do not forget about taxes, which, when using the simplified tax system for the IP business registration form, amount to 6% of income (income - expenses).

Total: net profit per month can be a maximum of: 162,000 rubles.

But here it must be taken into account that there will not always be a uniform demand for quail eggs: there will be some kind of seasonal decline, as well as a period of reduction in the egg production of a part of the quail herd. For a more correct assessment of the total profit, a correction factor of 30% should be applied. Its use allows you to realistically assess the profitability of this business. The final figure of income that can be obtained from a quail farm of 600 heads is 110 000 rubles per month.

Taking into account all the main figures according to the business plan, the payback period for a quail farm is only two to three months, subject to reaching 80% load. In practice, the payback period for small-format quail farms is no more than 3–5 months. From this we can conclude that, with proper organization, this species business is highly profitable and promises good prospects.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

300 000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

50-100%

Profitability

3-5 months

Payback

20 sq. m.

Minimum area

The quail breeding business is characterized by high profitability and quick payback. Within the framework of this business, two main directions can be distinguished. The first is directly the cultivation of laying hens, each of which can lay up to three hundred eggs per year (an average of two hundred and fifty), and the second is the production of dietary quail meat.

Typically, within one farming both directions are combined. Quail meat is rich in easily digestible protein, has good antioxidant properties and high palatability. Despite all the advantages, with stable demand, competition in this area is still not very high, which opens up great opportunities for novice farmers.

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The minimum number of birds from which one should count on sufficient income from the business in the presence of a sales market is 500-600 heads. Quails are characterized by high fecundity and grow quickly, which allows them to increase their livestock by 8-10 times in just one year. The quail begins to rush at the age of 30-40 days. With 600 birds, you can get up to 1800 eggs per year. To accommodate a quail farm does not require large areas.

To save space, cages with quails are usually arranged in several tiers, which allows up to 200 birds to be placed per square meter of the house. The profitability of the production of quail eggs is estimated at 50-100%, and the production of meat is two to three times lower (on average 25%). Thanks to a short production cycle(2-3 months), the payback of such a project is much lower than in the industry as a whole. Experts evaluate it within six months.

Legal nuances of the quail business

If you are going to sell products (in our case, eggs and carcasses) produced on the lands of personal subsidiary plots (PSP), then you need to take into account the fact that the sale of products produced on such lands does not apply to entrepreneurial activity. According to the law, PSF is a form of non-entrepreneurial activity related to the production and processing of agricultural products. LPH is run by a citizen and members of his family in order to meet their personal needs on their own land. Accordingly, agricultural products grown under private household plots are the property of a citizen running a personal subsidiary plot, and the sale of agricultural products by citizens running private plots is not an entrepreneurial activity.

If you still intend to sell your products (or rather, their surplus), then you will need to get a document in local administration about the presence of private household plots. Submit a document issued by the local government to the boards of the gardening partnership. This paper confirms that the products sold were produced on a land plot owned by the taxpayer or members of his family, and used for private household plots, gardening, horticulture or summer cottage construction. In addition, you will need to register your private household plot, which is maintained in household books based on information provided by citizens on a voluntary basis.

The household book contains basic information about private household plots: last name, first name and patronymic, as well as the date of birth of the owner of the land plot, the full name of all family members living with him, the number of available farm birds (in our case), the area of ​​the land plot occupied by crops or plantations , your property or other right to agricultural machinery and vehicles. After receiving this document, you will need to invite a commission consisting of veterinarians to draw up an inspection report. If the inspection results are positive, you will receive an inspection certificate in your hands, after which your farm will be assigned to one veterinarian.

It is from him that you will receive from him veterinary certificates of the established form for the sale of products through trade organizations. In addition, the veterinary service will issue you a veterinary certificate, on the basis of which you will subsequently receive Form No. 2 certificates.

Please note: if you intend to sell your products as individual entrepreneur, then the algorithm will be approximately the same, with only one difference. You will need to pay additional taxes and receive a certificate of conformity for your products with a certificate of their quality. Unlike individual entrepreneurs, private household plots sell surplus products originally received for their own needs. IP is intended for the sale of agricultural products, originally produced for sale. That is why private household plots can sell their products only in markets and enterprises Catering, but for IP there are no such restrictions.

Poultry equipment

To keep quails, you will need a dry, warm room. Its area depends on your capabilities and planned volumes. So, on an area of ​​​​about 20 square meters. meters when placing cages on several floors, you can keep up to a thousand birds (although a population of 600 individuals will be located with great comfort). In general, quails are quite easy to care for and are not demanding on the conditions of detention. For their normal development, it is enough to follow simple rules. First, you will need to keep the house at a constant temperature of 18-22°C. AT southern regions recommended for use in summer time year air conditioners. Try to eliminate any possibility of temperature fluctuations or sudden changes in the temperature regime, otherwise this can cause stress in the bird, lead to the development of diseases in it and even to its death.

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In addition, in the room where quails are kept, it is also necessary to maintain the optimum level of humidity - 65-70%. It should be well ventilated, but drafts should not be allowed. Lighting is best done dimmed with the possibility of regulation. Finally, since any sudden loud noise can stress the bird, which in turn leads to the fact that he begins to grow poorly and stop laying eggs, you need to ensure that the house is well soundproofed. You should not locate a quail farm near various manufacturing enterprises or building projects.

When planning a poultry house with an area of ​​​​15-20 square meters. meters, divide it into several separate rooms. A minimum of 4 “sectors” will be required: for keeping adult birds and a brooding room for young animals, a room for placing incubators, for storing and preparing feed mixtures. These rooms can be separated by light walls made of chipboard, drywall, or even cell batteries of six cells. Adult birds are kept in cages, which are equipped with feeders and drinkers. The floor in such a cage is made at a slight slope, which facilitates the process of collecting eggs.

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One battery of six cages, in which it is quite possible to accommodate about 250 individuals, will cost about 3,000 rubles. If you have the time and skill, you can save on this expense and make your own birdcages from plywood sheets, metal, rebar and galvanized welded mesh. The cost of the battery in this case will be 1.5-2 times less. According to experienced quail breeders, for the manufacture of one cage in which up to twenty birds can be kept, 1 sq. meter of galvanized mesh, and for one cell battery per hundred birds - about 1.5 square meters. meters of metal sheet, 0.7 sq. meters of plywood, 4.5 sq. meters of galvanized mesh. For cages per thousand birds, up to 50 square meters will be required. meters of the grid, 6-7 square meters. meters of plywood and 16 sq. meters of sheet metal.

For growing young birds, as a rule, ordinary wooden or plywood boxes of standard sizes 65x65x25 cm are used. Boxes can also be made by hand. Additional costs include equipping such pens with special lamps for heating and lighting, which help create optimal temperature and light conditions.

The main drawback of quails is their lack of the instinct to incubate eggs as a result of domestication. Therefore, to breed them, you will need an incubator that maintains a temperature of 37 to 39 ° C. Like cells, an incubator can be made independently, on order, or purchased at a store. Drawings for the construction of an incubator can be found on specialized sites on the Internet. The cost of this equipment can range from 1000 to 15000 rubles. Such a wide range of prices is due to the features of a particular model. Larger incubators with additional features and capabilities (eg temperature and humidity controls, automatic egg turner ten times a day, etc.) will cost more accordingly. Good models can be found for 5000 rubles.

To additional equipment you can include a feather removal machine for plucking feathers from a carcass. Of course, this can be done manually, but with large volumes meat production this operation will take a lot of time and effort. Removing machines help to significantly improve the quality of products and their appearance, since when using them, the skin of a bird is not damaged during plucking. The process of removing feathers is as follows. Carcasses of birds are placed in a drum. When rotated, they hit the hammer fingers and lose feathers (at the same time, the processing quality is quite high - automated equipment allows you to remove up to 95% of feathers). The water entering the drum washes the removed feathers and down into the tray. The cleaning time of carcasses per load is several minutes. In an hour, a low-power machine allows you to process about a hundred carcasses. The cost of such equipment is 7500-10000 rubles.

Quail feeding and care

Quails grow quite quickly: the weight of newly hatched quails does not exceed 6 grams, but by the end of the first month it increases 15 times! After 2-3 months, they gain sufficient body weight and begin to lay eggs. However, this is possible only with proper care of the bird and the competent organization of its feeding. An adult quail eats about 30 grams of feed per day. However, experts advise planning a daily feed consumption of 35 kg of feed per 1000 birds. Feed can be purchased from ready-made or mix feed mixtures yourself. Ready-made feed for quails, which have a more intense biochemical metabolism than the other Domestic bird, are dry or moistened mixtures of crushed cereals (corn, wheat, barley, millet), which contain all the necessary vitamins and minerals, soybean or sunflower meal, chalk, premix, etc.

In the diet of quails that lay eggs, there should also be mixed feed based on animal products - fish or meat and bone meal, powdered milk. Meal worms can also be used to fill the deficiency of animal feed, earthworms and various insects.

Experienced farmers prefer to prepare feed mixtures on their own, rather than purchase ready-made feed, which may require a grain crusher and / or grass cutter (the cost of such specialized equipment is 3500-5000 rubles). All feed must first be thoroughly crushed, and then mixed.

Compound feed for quails can also consist of the following components (as a percentage of the total mass of the compound feed): yellow corn - 20, millet - 15.7, wheat - 19, sunflower cake - 4.9, powdered milk - 4, meat and bone meal - 12, fish meal - 12, dry yeast - 6, herbal flour - 3, ground shell - 2, table salt - 0.3, mineral additive - 0.5. 100 g of such compound feed contains 22.6% dry proteins, 2% calcium, 1.6% phosphorus and 0.6% sodium. An adult bird is fed 2-3 times a day at the same time. In winter, quails are fed with sprouted greens of millet, onion, oats and wheat, and in summer they give unlimited amounts of cabbage, beet, alfalfa, nettle, lettuce, clover spinach leaves. The exact recipe for the feed mixture (composition and proportions of ingredients) depends on the forage base of the region where the farm is located, and, as a rule, is compiled independently by each farmer.

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The cost of feeding birds depends on several conditions at once, but primarily on the region and ingredients. Quail fattening for meat begins when they reach 30 days of age. For such fattening, special feed for broilers (80% of the total feed) plus boiled peas (20%) are used. Good performance can be achieved by increasing the content of corn and feed fat in the diet of poultry. But in no case should birds be abruptly transferred to a fattening diet, otherwise this can lead to illness or death of quails.

Such a transition is carried out within three to four days, replacing part of the old diet with a new one. For example, on the first day, a little more than half of the old food is given, and the rest is the new food. In the next three days, the percentage of the usual feed is constantly reduced. Quail meat is fed for about a month. At the same time, for the first three weeks, dim lighting is maintained in the cells of the fattened young animals around the clock.

Subsequently, females and males are kept separately. The cells of females are illuminated intermittently: for one hour of light - two hours of darkness, and for males, daylight hours are reduced to eight hours. In fattened birds, a layer of subcutaneous fat is visible on the chest. Their mass reaches 200 grams in two months (for comparison, egg-laying quails at the same age weigh no more than 130 grams).

Two or three people will be required to care for a livestock of 600 birds. At first, these functions can be taken over, and then, as incomes grow, hire assistants who will feed the bird, care for it, clean the cages, collect eggs, and monitor the optimal quail keeping conditions.

Sales of products

Quail carcasses are sold through markets, supermarkets, as well as restaurants and cafes, kindergartens, schools, sanatoriums, tourist camps, etc. A quail carcass is sold at retail for 80-90 rubles. Quail eggs cost from 2 rubles apiece, depending on the region. An additional source of income for such farms is the sale of quails at the age of up to one week at a cost of up to 25-30 rubles per head and at a monthly age at a cost of 40-45 rubles.

The initial costs for the arrangement of such a farm for 600-700 heads are up to 300 thousand rubles, taking into account all costs, including equipment. The payback period in this case is, as mentioned above, 4-6 months, due to the high fecundity of birds.

Many farmers who do not have sufficient capital in the amount of 250-300 thousand rubles to organize industrial production start by buying a small number of quails, followed by their breeding and cultivation. Gradually, they increase the necessary livestock, which can take up to six months. This is a good option for a small farm, but you should take into account the fact that the payback period for such a project will be significantly higher (up to a year), and the profit, respectively, will be lower.

As a rule, experienced farmers who do not have a large start-up capital practice the following scheme. They buy several hundred hens under two months old, as they cost half as much as adult layers, as well as several dozen males under one month old (about 15-20 hens per male). Then the birds are grown to the desired age. In this case, groups are first formed to carry eggs for incubation.

It is best to initially establish the sale of eggs, since they can be obtained in the very first two months of the farm's existence. First, they can be sold to acquaintances and friends, and then develop new markets. It is advisable to purchase incubators at the very beginning of the existence of the farm, which will increase the profitability of your business. Thus, you can start with a population of 300-400 birds, and then within a short period of time (about six months) increase it to more than 1000 units, not counting the young and eggs kept in the incubator.

It is best to sell eggs and carcasses through retail retail chains. This will require additional packaging costs, but it's worth it.

To increase profitability, many poultry farms are trying to use every opportunity. For example, large poultry enterprises even sell quail manure, which is an excellent natural fertilizer purchased by both individual private households and large farms.

Another source of income is the sale of educational materials and even full-fledged quail breeding courses. If you know how to do something well, then why not make money on your knowledge and experience? To do this, you can create your own website on the Internet (the minimum cost of such is 1500 rubles). Prepare detailed text and video materials and sell them for the price of a printed book (500-1000 rubles).

Sysoeva Lilia

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